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9篇1:简析雅思议论文的双边讨论型文章的观点设计
全文共 3503 字
+ 加入清单针对雅思议论文写作中的辩论式话题,在教学中我们通常会向学生介绍两种安排结构的方式,即单边支持和双边讨论。所谓单边支持,顾名思义就是文章的辩论从一边展开,作者的观点和理由呈现“一边倒”的形式;而双边讨论型文章的特点则是文章针对题目所提出的话题,从正反(即支持和反对)两个方面展开辩论。单边支持和双边讨论结构的文章有着各自的特点和谋篇布局的套路,不同的题目可能适合不同类型的结构。但无论是用什么样的结构,作为议论文写作,论点、论据和论证都是必不可少的,特别是论点,没有论点或论点不清的文章是绝不可能拿高分的。然而在双边讨论型文章教学中,经常会发现学生对于如何提出观点感到非常迷惑。本文将从如何提出“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”这个角度对于。
一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思考试的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
篇2:观点论述类议论文模板
全文共 280 字
+ 加入清单导入: 第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文: 第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论: 第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)
篇3:正反观点式议论文模板
全文共 527 字
+ 加入清单导入: 第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文: 第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论: 第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)
篇4:高中英语作文万能模板:观点论述类议论文
全文共 642 字
+ 加入清单导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下)
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)
4."How to"类议论文模板:
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
篇5:高中英语作文万能模板:正反观点式议论文
全文共 520 字
+ 加入清单导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点) オ
篇6:模式一:议论文段标准模式:观点+材料+分析+小结
全文共 422 字
+ 加入清单由议论文的三要素引入议论文段常用结构模式:观点+材料+评论+小结
示例一: 生命的光芒,因位置而变幻。(观点)扎拉•菲利普斯是英国伊丽莎白女王的外孙女,曾被《人物》杂志评为“全球最美丽的50个人”之一,她高雅的举止让英王室为之自豪。然而,当扎拉公主毅然决定成为一个马术骑手时,她生命的光芒改变了颜色。脱去冠冕,褪去礼服,她和普通骑手一样艰苦地训练,挤在地摊上挑选别人用过的马鞍。2006年9月,她成功地赢得了“欧洲全能骑术锦标赛”冠军,整个英伦为之振奋。(事例)在赛场这个新位置上,扎拉公主宛如露珠,尽显光芒。她那金黄色的皇室标签变成了鲜红色的勋章。在皇宫里,她的美丽让皇室生辉;在赛场上,她的技术让众人折服。(评论)在生命的锦缎上,我们每个人都应该向25岁的扎拉学习,怎样让适合锦色的繁花添到锦缎上绽放,怎样在不同的位置中找到生命光芒的方向。(小结引申分析)(317字)
优点:观点明确,层次清晰,材料典型;分析紧扣中心,鲜明贴切,小结深化主题。
篇7:小学生议论文的写作基础:阐述观点有理有据
全文共 998 字
+ 加入清单1、议论文是议论说理表达作者的见解和主张的文章。
2、议论文的三要素包括论点、论据和论证。
3、写简单的议论文,努力做到有理有据。
议论文在“两个文明建设”和日常生活中有着极大的作用。我们必须努力学习和掌握这种文体的写法。
1、议论文的三要素
每一篇议论文,都离不开论点、论据和论证。因此,鲜明的论点,确凿的论据,严密的论证,是议论文的三个基本要素。
(1)论点,是作者对要议论的问题所持的见解或主张,是议论文的灵魂,起着统帅全文、纲举目张的作用。确立论点是写好议论文的前提。议论文的论点有以下5点要求:
①正确。写议论文的目的是为了宣传真理、明辨是非、分清正误、区别美丑,所以,思想观点正确是首要的。
②鲜明。作者在文章中必须旗帜鲜明地表明自己的观点,毫不含糊地说出自己的见解,使读者一目了然,明确理解。
③严密。论点的表达必须周密严谨,无懈可击,不给持有异议的人以可乘之机。
④集中。在一篇议论文中,只能提出一个中心论点,全篇文章始终围绕一个论点展开论述,把道理说深说透,解决问题。要求集中,也就是要避免发生论点转移,后文的论说跟前文的论点有变化,或者概念上混淆。
⑤深刻。文中提出的论点,应该是作者对于事物的新鲜、独到的见解,能够深入地揭示事物的本质,而不是一般化的老生常谈,以便更有力地说服读者,给人以深刻的启迪。
(2)论据,是用来证明论点的事实和道理。因此,论据包括事实材料和道理即理论材料。事实材料中又包括正面和反面事实材料,另外,数据材料也是其中一种。
(3)论证,就是用论据证明论点的过程和方法,使论据与论点之间有机地联系起来,构成一个统一的整体。论证的方法,一般都是先提出论题,经过论证、分析后得出结论。论证的过程和方法,有的逐层剖析,有的边分析边作结论,有的用设问引出问题进行论证。
2、立论和驳论
议论文从论证方式看,一般分为立论和驳论两种。
①论点要正确、鲜明。正确就是论点本身要符合马列主义、[***被屏蔽词语]思想和邓小平理论,符合客观实际,并经得起实践的检验。鲜明就是说作者必须旗帜鲜明地表示肯定什么,否定什么,赞成什么,反对什么,决不可含含糊糊,模棱两可。
②论据要真实、充分。就是说,必须举出足够的事实或公认正确的道理,证明论点的正确性。
③论证必须符合正确的推理形式。写立论性的文章,要言之成理,合乎逻辑。论点统帅论据,论据证明论点。论据必须足以证明论点,论点必须是从论据中推断出来的必然结论。
篇8:观点论述类议论文模板
全文共 273 字
+ 加入清单导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
as a student, i am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)
the reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下)
正文:第2段:first of all... secondly... besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论:第3段:in conclusion, i believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总-分-总"结构)
篇9:正反观点式议论文模板
全文共 518 字
+ 加入清单导入:第1段:recently weve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)
our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
正文:第2段:most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)
here are the reasons. first... second... finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段:however, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)
their reasons are as follows. in the first place... whats more... in addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论:第4段:personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so i support it.(个人观点) 。