初中英语说明文思维导图精彩20篇

I have a good friend, when I was five years old, I met her, she is my neighbor, we became friends and play together all the time. Last week, my friend took part in the female basketball match, she is good at basketball, so I encouraged her to join our school team. The team played so well that they came to the final yesterday, the match was so excellent, at last, my friend’s team won the first place, I feel so happy, I plan to buy her a present and congratulate her. I feel so proud of her, she inspires me, too. We give each other encourage to move on. We will be good friends forever.

我有一个好朋友，在我五岁的时候，我就遇到了她，她是我的邻居，我们成为了好朋友，一直在一起玩耍。上周，我的朋友参加了女子篮球比赛，她很擅长篮球，所以我鼓励她加入校队。她的队伍打得很好，昨天打入了决赛，比赛很精彩，最后，我的朋友的队伍赢得了第一名，我感到很开心。我打算给她买一个礼物，祝贺她。我为她感到自豪，她也鼓励了我。我们给予彼此勇气前进。我们永远都是好朋友。

[祝贺朋友初中英语作文

说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词等。说明文有的是以时间为序，有的是以空间为序；有的由现象写到本质，有的由主写到次；有的按工艺流程顺序来说明，有的按事物的性质、功用、原理等顺序来说明。以下是小编带来初中说明文阅读方法的相关内容，希望对你有帮助。

一、分类

1、从说明对象的角度：事物性说明文、事理性说明文。

2、从说明文语言特征：平实的说明文、生动的说明文。

二、说明的顺序

时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

逻辑顺序的具体分析：主——次、原因——结果、现象——本质、特征——用途、

一般——个别、概括——具体、整体——局部。

典型考题：本文使用了什么说明顺序？有何作用？

答题格式：本文使用了的说明顺序对加以说明，使说明更有条理性。（第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用“事理”、“科学事理”等模糊性的语言表述。）

三、说明的方法

1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

③作比较：把和加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤打比方：将比作，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体生动形象。

⑦下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

⑩引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

C、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

四、说明文的语言品析

1、对整篇文章语文的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确；B、形象生动或简明平实。

A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择一句话为例子。

格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点，如“……”一句，就准确/生动形象/简明平实地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理，

2、对具体篇/句/词的评析

篇/句的作用基本同上。

字词作用有以下考查形式：

A、加点字词有何作用？B、能否替换为另一个词语？C、加点词语能否删去？

这种题目往往要结合说明语言的准确性（有时是体现语言生动性）的特点答题。第二种题型还要在答题中比较二者的区别。第三种题型还要加上“删去后不符合人们认识客观事物的规律或与客观事实不符合”之类的表述。

五、说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

模式：这篇文章主要运用了……的说明方法，说明了……（内容：事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用）

2、结合修辞手法谈

模式：这是一篇生动说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了……（内容），使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象；抒怀议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，格式如下：这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有……（从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择），如……（具体举例），就是……（表达方式）的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

六、说明语段的作用

这种题目答题的角度有三：

（1）结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

（2）结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法，说明了……（事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用）。

This morning, it is time for us to make sandwiches, so we are very excited. We took two bread and put sausage, eggs and vegetables in it, and then we cut the bread into two other shapes.

My Mom said: “ we need to take food there, because there is one place to eat, but the food there is bad. I went to search the internet, and many people said that.” Because my Dad need to work after breakfast, so my Mom would take me there by herself. After 30 minutes, we arrived the science center.

The science center is very big, and it has every countries’ costumes on it. The whole science center look like an eye with globe. Then we went inside the science center to buy tickets. It is really cool inside. My Mom asked me to go to watch a movie, and then we went to.

Time pass quickly. It was time for us to go home, but I really happy today.

China is a developing country. Many years ago, I remembered seeing a lot of

news about criticizing how Chinese people copied the advanced technology of

developed countries. Nowadays, things have changed. There are some technologies

that are created by Chinese people, which leads the new trend. Online payment is

the most famous change. Alipay and Wechat are the most popular ways to pay bills

and they can be used almost everywhere. When foreigners come to China, they are

surprised by the new trend and cant believe this country could take the lead in

online payment. We are so proud of this big country. Though it is still on the

process of developing, we believe it will become stronger.

Amy is anAmerican girl .She lives in New York .

There are four people in her family, herparents, her elder brother and her.

Amy’s father is an engineer and he is busywith his work everyday. But he still plays with Amy in his spare time and Amyloves him very much.

Amy’s mother is a teacher. She teaches math in a smallschool. She is thin with golden hair.

What’s more, she is very kind and cookswell. His brother, John is two years older than her and he goes to school withher everyday. John is an active boy and often helps Amy. Amy feels happy tolive in such a family.

艾米是一个美国女孩。她住在纽约。她家里有四口人，她的父母，她的哥哥和她。艾米的父亲是一名工程师，他每天都忙于他的工作。但他仍然在空闲时间和艾米玩，艾米非常爱他。艾米的母亲是一个老师。她在一个小小的学校里面教数学。她很瘦，有着金色的头发。更重要的是，她很善良而且做饭很好吃。他的哥哥，约翰比她大两岁，他每天都和艾米一起去学校。约翰是个活跃的男孩而且经常帮助艾米。艾米很高兴生活在这样一个家庭中。

[初中英语作文：艾米的家庭

Xiamen is located in Southeast of Fujian province,it is considered as the

cleanest port city in China thus people call Xiamen "the garden on the sea" or

call it "green island". Back to Song dynasty it started its administrative

founding until now.There are a great variety of sights to witness in

Xiamen.Gulangyu Island, the most beautiful island near Xiamen, has won great

reputation for its Sunlight Rock and Shuzhuang Garden.South Putuo Temple, which

is located at the foot of Wulaofeng and is deemed to be the most renowned

Buddhist temple in Xiamen.Xiamen Botanical Garden, known as the Wanshi Botanical

Garden,which has scenic spots such as the Morning Bell of Heaven, the Reading

and Music Playing Cave, the Cloud Locking Stones, the Jade Scepter Rock and the

Peace Stone. In the past decade, Xiamen has changed a lot with rapid advancing

in agriculture,industry,science technology and education areas.

昨天是我的生日，我十四岁。妈妈为我举行生日宴会，我邀请了我的一些朋友。妈妈送了我一些书作礼物，朋友们也为我带采了礼物。我们玩的很开心。

A Birthday Party

Yesterday was my birthday. I was fourteen years old. My mother had a party for me and I asked my friends to come. My mother gave me some books as birthday presents. My friends bought some presents for me. We had a good time.

[生日宴会初中英语作文

在我的书桌上，放着一个既精致又华丽的存钱罐。那是一头外表调皮，模样可爱的小猪。

这头小猪外表很酷，穿着一件金光闪闪的小裙子，脸总是笑眯眯的，似乎在欢迎远道而来的客人。它的身体是挺直的，高但是10厘米，四肢和身体几乎连为一体了，正因它穿了1条长长的裙子把下半身全遮住了，看起来就像一位美丽的公主。

它的头顶有一个洞，直径但是2厘米，圆圆的。这是什么呀?噢，原来钱是从这儿放进去的。再看这小猪的脚底，有一个像头顶一样的洞，这是把钱取出来的“道”呢!

母亲一向期望我养成不乱花钱的习惯。小猪帮忙母亲实现了这一愿望，我开始学着把平时不用的钱存起来，这样我就不会乱花钱了。

每当我需要用钱来买一些领悟上用的文具时，小猪会乐意地摇摇屁股，钱就出来了，好像在说：“快去吧，领悟用具可不能不买。”可当我买了一些无关紧要的东西时，仿佛听到小猪在说：“怎样回事?又乱花钱了?”

如今，我已经养成了节约用钱的习惯，当然，那里面有小猪的一份功劳哦!

说明文阅读解题方法

学习目标：

1、了解说明文阅读的常见考点。

2、理解并掌握说明文阅读的常见题型及答题技巧。

课前预习：

一、说明文阅读的常见考点

1、对说明对象及说明特征理解。

2、对说明方法辨识与理解。

3、对说明顺序的分析与理解。

4、对文章段落结构特点的分析。

5、对文意、层意、段意的概括。

6、对关键词语、重点句子含义及其表达作用的评析。

7、对说明语言准确性的体会

二、说明文阅读的常见题型及答题技巧

1、题型：指出说明对象

说明对象是一篇文章所要介绍的事物或事理，一般是一个名词或名词短语，可以从两个方面入手：一看文题二看首尾段。事物说明文指出被说明事物即可。事理说明文指出说明内容，形成一个短语：介绍了……的……(对象加内容)。

2、题型：概括说明对象的特点。

①抓住文段中的段落和层次，②从每段（或每层）中抓住关键词语加以整理。

一般情况下，文段的开头（或各段的第一句）和结尾（或各段最后一句）往往说明了对象的特点。

3、题型：考查说明方法及其作用

A．常见的说明方法有：

1.分类别：（即对说明事物分门别类的方法。例如：“如何获得食物?这有两种不同的途径和方法：一种叫自养，??另一种叫异养。”）

2.举例子：（即以具体事物为例的方法。例如：“这种书目专门记录其专题或学科的文献。如要查找中国古代文献，就要使用《四库全书总目提要》或《中国古籍善本总目》等。”）

3.打比方：（即用比喻来说明事物的方法。例如：“桥洞不是普通半圆形，而是像一张弓。”）

4.列数字：（即是运用数据说明事物的方法。例如：“哪里知道，这条天河淹没了一千万颗以上的星星啊!一千万，你一口气数下去，得数一千多年。”）

5.作比较：（即用另一个事物与说明事物相比，以说明事物特点的方法。例如：“永定河发水时，来势很猛，以前两岸河堤常被冲毁，但是这座桥却从没出过事，足见它的坚固。”）

6.下定义：（即指明某一名词概念的含义。例如：“统筹方法，是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。”）

7、作诠解：作诠释，用于解释被说明内容的成因及内在联系。

8、.引资料：如引用古诗文、谚语、俗话等

B．说明方法的作用：

1、分类别：条理清晰地说明了?。

2、举例子：具体形象的说明了??的?特点，便于读者理解。

3、打比方：生动形象地说明了?的?特点，增强文章的趣味性。

4、列数字：科学准确具体的说明了??的??特点

5、作比较：通过?和?的比较，突出了?的?特点（地位、影响等）。

6、下定义：完整、科学、准确地说明?本质特点，使之与其他事物区别开来。

7、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

下定义与作诠释的区别是：定义要求完整，而诠释并不要求完整，对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。可以颠倒。

8、引资料：能使说明的内容更具体、更充实。用引用的方法说明事物的特征，增强说服力，如引用古诗文、谚语、俗话。引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用：能使说明的内容更具体、更充实。

4、题型：对说明顺序的分析与理解。

说明顺序：时间顺序(程序顺序)、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。在答题时可答得具体些。如：时间顺序则是说明事物发展、演变，例如介绍工作程序的文章。

空间顺序(从上到下，从里到外，总到分，外到内，前到后，左到右，整体到局部，都可反之等，常用方位词如介绍建筑物或实体)。

逻辑顺序(先结果后原因，层层递进，现象到本质，因到果，果到因，主到次，浅入深，个别到一般等，常用表因果、表事理顺序的词，如"因为、所以""首先、其次")。

掌握答题格式：本文使用了（）的说明顺序对（）加以说明，使说明更有条理性，便于读者理解。(第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用"事理"、"科学事理"等模糊性的语言表述。)

5、题型：分析说明文的结构

说明文常见的形式有："总--分"式(或由总到分，或由分到总，或总分总)、并列式、递进式等。分析文章结构，抓中心句及连接词，如"首先""其次""还""也""此外"等词语

中心句：出现的位置开头或结尾，有时在句中。判断，多为概括性较强的句子。叙述句、描写句、阐释句、疑问句一般不宜作中心句。

6、题型：根据说明的内容，怎样理清选文的思路：

技法指导：首先要对每一段的内容了解，并能对其进行归纳和概括，然后，再对每一段的内容进行比较分析，理清其行文思路，结构特点（因为有的是采用总分式，有的是总分总式，还有的又是分总式），就能说出其思路了。

7、题型：文章从那几方面进行说明？

先将文章分成几部分然后再加以概括

8、题型：考查全篇文章或某一段落的说明内容

①用原文回答：（要理清文章或段落的层次）。

找出全文的中心段或某段的中心句，（这往往就是问题的答案）。

②无适合的原文时，可用“点面结合”的方法总结概括。“点”：各段的说明对象，“面”：整篇文章的主体说明对象，两者结合组成完整的句子便可

9、说明句子或语段的作用

这种题目答题的角度有二：

（1）、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。

有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

（2）、结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法，说明了……（事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用）。

10、题型：说明文语言风格

a准确平实

b生动形象（如果使用了大量描写句、修辞句、神话传说等）

11、题型：加点词有何作用?抓住说明文语文准确这一特点答题。

对策：答：（）准确/生动形象/地说明了事物"……"的特征/事理。

12、题型：加点词语能否替换为另一个词语?并说明理由。

对策：答：(1)不可以。

(2)原词的意思或内容。

(3)所换词语的意思或内容。

(4)换了后意思有何改变，不符合实际。

13、题型：加点词语能否去掉？

这类词语主要是修饰限制性词语如：大约、左右、最、几乎、仅仅等

答题要点：

a.不能b.加点词语起修饰、限制、强调作用c.说明原句意思是……d.如果去掉，则……e.加点词语体现了说明文语言的准确性，严密性

14、题型：从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言"准确"特点的词句，并体会。

15、代词指代什么内容

①瞻前顾后法（往前找、往后找）②自己概括、检验法（代入法或置换法）

16、题型：给文段补充一个过渡句：主要是结合上段的内容来考虑，方法是抓住上段说明的内容，以设问句的形式提出“为什么会（要）??,呢？”这就能自然地引出下文了。

17、题型：说明文中开放性试题、类型及答题要点

①提建议、方法、措施类要具体尽量符合实际情况

②拟广告语、设计标语等a.要切题b.语言简练、凝练、生动、有感染力c.有创意/有提示作用

③探究题，提取信息、获取信息类要参考全文，概括文章内容

④读了全文，谈认识类要结合原文，具体谈看法、谈认识

18、题型：“据科学家分析”“据资料表明”“据统计”一类词句的作用。

要点：表明信息的来源，增强说明内容的可信度，体现了说明文语言的科学性、准确性

19、开头的作用

①引出说明对象

②激发读者的阅读兴趣

③开头有描写性语言：生动形象地引出将要说明的事物（事理）

20、结尾的作用

①总结全文，点明写作目的

②表明希望，提出号召③想像远大前景（补充结尾是可参考）

21、描写在说明文中的作用？（从内容和语言的两个角度分析）

要点：描写了………内容，突出了………；语言上生动形象，激发读者的阅读兴趣。

22、说明文中引用古诗、传说、俗语、故事等的作用

要点：为文章增添文学色彩，增强说明文的生动性。读来耐人寻味；激发读者的阅读兴趣（吸引读者）

温馨提示：说明文最简单，答案大多在文中，读完后先理清层次，找出每段说明了什么内容。

My Mother is a kind of gentle woman. She is always very gentle. She takes

good care of her children and keeps them all at school. I have one brother and

two sistets. So she gets four children in all. She gives us every comfort. We

all love her and she loves us also.

My mother has too much to do in bringing us up. As our family is too poor

to keep a servant, my mother has always to do very much work. She gets up very

early and sleeps very late every day. She works hard, yet without

complaining.

She is also a thrifty, and industrious woman. She saves every cent that she

can and keeps everything in order. As she has been busy eversince she was young,

she looks older than she really is. Her face is wrinkled, her hair becomes

silver white, but she works as hard as ever.

Often she says to us, "work while you work, play while you play. If you do

not work, you will become lazy and of no use to society." What piece of good

advice this is! We must worth it well and always keep it in our mind.

Dear Michael，

You want to know the changes about my hometown。 You know， great changes

have taken place since 60 years ago。

In the past， the living conditions were very poor。 There were not many

buses or cars， and the roads were narrow。 Usually， a big family was crowed into

a small， dark house。 Most families couldn’t get enough food。 The communications

were simple and slow。 People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far

away mainly by letter or telegram。

Thanks to the government， our hometown has developed rapidly in recent

years。 The living conditions are much better and more comfortable。 The roads are

wide。 Some people have their own cars。 Most of the people have lived in big new

houses。 Quite a few adults have mobile phones。 Because of many good policies， I

think our lives will become better and better。

Sincerely

Kang Min

ILoveWatchingCartoons

Cartoonismyfavoritething.EverydaywhenIgethome,thefirstthingIdoistoopentheTVandwatchthecartoons.Maybesomazuowenldthinkthatwatchingcartoonsisasonaivething,butIdontthinkso.Cartoonsrefertomanythings,containingsomeprofoundthought,whichoftenmakesmethinkaboutitalot.

Toconclude,Ilovewatchingcartoons.Cartoonsgivemehappinessandcausemetothinkdeeply.

As is well known, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increase our knowledge, broaden our minds and strengthen our character. In other words, they are our good teachers and wise friends. This is the reason why our parents always encourage us to read more books.

Reading is a good thing, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can derive benefits from good books. However, bad books will do us more harm than good.

如众所周知，书籍教我们学习人生，真理，科学以及其它许多有用的东西。它们增加我们的知识，扩大我们的心胸并加强我们的品格。换句话说，它们是我们的良师益友。这是为什么我们的父母终是鼓励我们要多读书的理由。

读书是一好事，但我们必须多加注意书的选择。不错，我们能从好书中获得益处。然而，坏书却对我们有害无益。

I had a summer holiday from Jule to August.I was very happy ，because I could do many kinds of things.

I went to the beach and I swam in the sea.I called my friend and played with them.I visitde my grandparents and ate much delicious food.But in August，there is a first typhoon.With terrifying fear and my mother bought some food.I was very unhappy，because I could not played out side.

Then I went to the zoo whit my sister.I was very happy.Because I saw a lot of animals.They were very lovable.So I took photos of all animals.I loved the butterfly the best.They were colourful and beautiful.My sister liked it too.

In summer holiday，I went to the places where the sun shines brightly.I went to where the sea is blue too.All students had a happy summer holiday.

[初中英语作文：愉快的暑期生活

Miss Li is my English teacher. The first day I met her, I liked her,

because she looked so young and nice. Miss Li liked to write some inspiring

words in our homework. So everytime when I handed in my paper, I was so looking

forward to getting Miss Li’s response. I remembered one time, I did not do well

in an English test. Miss Li wrote the words to me and she believed me I could

make great progress next time. I was so moved, so when I had annoyance, I would

like to talk to her. Miss Li is my guide. She can give me suggestion and lead me

to the right direction.

December 25 is holiday, Christmas in the west. Although is a western festival, but the children of the east followed.

I get up early in the morning to go to school, day not bright, but is the traffic in the streets. The lights in the shop is gorgeous, the staff have taken red, lovely Christmas hat. Dress in the store is very beautiful, hangs on the ceiling made of colorful confetti small animals; And white snow; Lovely Santa Claus, etc. Store have a beautiful Christmas tree, the tree hung some gift box, and carrying a heavy bag of Santa Claus. Everything is very busy on the street.

At noon after school, my classmates and I went to the bookstore, bookstore the door there is a Santa Claus, each a student, he will send us a sweet sweet sugar.

The supermarket is very busy. I wish every day is so happy.

12月25日是西方国家的节日--圣诞节。虽然是西方人的节日，但是东方人也跟着过。

我一大早起床上学，天还没亮，可街上已是车水马龙的了。商店里的灯光是绚丽的，工作人员都带上了红红的、可爱的圣诞帽。店里的装扮十分漂亮，天花板上挂着用五颜六色的彩纸做成的小动物;还有雪白的雪花;可爱的圣诞老人等。店门口有一颗漂亮的圣诞树，树上挂着一些礼物盒，还有背着沉重的袋子的圣诞老人。街上一切都显得十分热闹。

中午放学时，我和好同学一起去书店，书店门口有一位圣诞老人，每出来一位学生，他就会给咱们发一个可甜可甜的糖。

超市更是热闹非凡。真希望每一天都是这样开开心心的过。

This morning,as we all know,this is a special day___our Chinese national festival.so we go out of home, and began to preper for somthing for the day.

There were so many people with smiles on their faces in the street.we had the same feelings to think about a family get-together.mum and dad are in the countryside,I wonder if we can get back home,or we only wait their coming.by the calling back,parents would come here.and the next time,its our busy in buying diferent food time.but thats the beginning.after doing that,when we went back home,mm called back and told that they perhaps didnt come.this is really a bad news,what should we do with the food?

A short thought while,we took all the things to go to the bus stop.so busy the stop is!there was no any tickets more.no other way we could do,only paiy more money to get back.you know,20 yuan, how sad we were!all the things were ready,we finished the activities about the festival.stayed at home by watching TV in the afternoon.

The day will be end.the festival finished with no feeling,just like other poor days. no much time to study hard,its true that lazy is aroud me.sorry for readers.still hope you happy the day!

说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等；也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。以下是小编整理的初中英语说明文写作要点，欢迎阅读！

说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：

1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。

下面是一篇说明一所医院布局的文章。文章虽短，但需要说明的内容却达11处之多。平均一句话就要描写一处，如果组织得不好，便会给人凌乱的感觉。

为了避免这一点，文章把整个布局图分三部分来写：

贯彻医院的是main road，第一部分以大门为参照物，介绍了靠大门且通过main road东西相对的急诊楼和门诊楼。

第二部分以湖为参照物，中心线还是main road，介绍其他分诊楼、实验室、放射室等。

第三部分写main road尽头的建筑物。

这样，繁多的细节显得井井有条。因此，选择好主线及参照物是决定文章成功的关键。

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about“THE LAYOUT OF A HOSPITAL”. Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the information given below.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.

（1）the Emergency Department

（2）the Out-patient Department

（3）the Surgery Department

（4）the Dispensary

（5）the Physician Department

（6）the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department

（7）the Dental Department

（8）the Laboratory

（9）the X-ray Department

（10）the Administrative Building

（11）the Ward

例文：

The Layout of a Hospital Near the gate，on the westside of the road is the Emergency Department. Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department. The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary，which face the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the road.Along the west wall，from south to north，stand three buildings：the Physician Department，the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department，and the Dental Department.

The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about，and beside the Laboratory，the X-ray Department is located on the same side of the road. A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward.

Near the end of the Main Road，the Administrative Building is situated on the east side.The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.

Nowadays the newspaper possesses considerable value Everybody should read it. It supplies us with a variety of news every day. It tells us the political situation of the world. If we form the habit of reading the newspaper, we shall (will) get enough knowledge to cope with our circumstances.

现今报纸拥有极大的价值，人人都应该看它。它每天提供我们各种类类的消息。它告诉我们世界政治局势。如果我们养成看报的习惯，我们就能得到足够的知识来因应我们的环境。学生虽然每天须做功课，但他们至少应该匀出一两个小时来看报。哪些，他们不但能增加知识而且也能赶上时代。总而言之，看报对学生很有益处。

I like drawing. It does bring me happiness. As a kid I was keen on those

lines and curves drawn on paper made into animals and scenes.

It really could show beauty to people and express my feelings. And then I

took a course so that I could get close to it and see it well.

But at that time I just did it for fun. Years went by I got into a long

period of time filled with pressure in study. And I found it so good a way to

relax.

It did not any longer play an unimportant role in my living but bacame my

friend. Since that time I have felt it like a nice person deep in my heart who

can talk with me with true words and make me happy with life.

This is my hobby not just a hobby but also a true friend.

我是一本语文书，脸上画着许多字和图画，装着满肚子的知识。主人把我领回她的书包时，我想起了我的爸爸——《二年级下册》曾经对我说的话：“孩子，作为一本课本，你必须经历许多磨难，哪怕是主人撕你都不能叫喊，知道了吗？”爸爸向我描述着语文书的生活，每天都要躲在阴暗的书包里，偶尔上课露脸时，就会听见许多其它的同伴向我报怨又被折角后长出的皱纹，或是被撕了一条长长的恐怖的伤痕。太可怕了！不过，幸亏我们住在一个书包里的朋友还暂时没有此遭遇，数学书、英语书和习字册，每天我们都要开心地做游戏、唱歌和跳摆手舞……

有一天，小主人开学了，我被小主人拿到一个底面蓝色的木板上，一个宽宽的绿色的长方形盒子，很神气地叉腰站在我的右边。我想问问它的名字，又怕小主人的老师听到了，更怕这个绿色不可一世的家伙不会理我。

过了一会，老师让小主人把我打开，我心里十分恐惧慌张，生怕像爸爸说的那样，如果把我撕疼了，我真的也得忍住疼不能喊出声吗？可是，小主人只是把我轻轻地抚摸了下，慢慢地打开一条缝，大声地朗读起来。我觉得小主人真好！我真开心！

第二天，小主人的老师把我拿在手里。她虽然没有像小主人那样爱惜我，但我也体谅她是要检查小主人的家庭作业的完成情况。小主人接过后把我一压再压，直到把我压得平平整整为止。我又一次感到了小主人对我的关爱！

有一天，电话里传来了小主人姑姑的声音：“你妹妹学不过来这么多知识，暂时不要你的语文书了。”我以为小主人以后不会再这么爱惜我了，可是，她还是照样爱护我。她真好！

虽然我只是一本语文书，但我受到了小主人的关心和爱护，我一定要把小主人爱惜我的奇迹讲给我的孩子——《四年级下册》听。