教育类话题英语作文带翻译(汇总20篇)

On Christmas morning， the children wake up very early. Some even turn on the light at two o‘clock， and most of them are awake by six o’clock although it is not light in England for another hour or two at this time of the year.

Children look for their presents ， and the young ones play while the dinner is prepared. At about one o‘clock in the afternoon， the Christmas dinner is brought in . The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten . Children search in their Christmas pudding for new coins which are hidden in it . The rest of the day is full of games and eating until the happiest of all Christmas hollidays comes to an end.

在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们很早就起床。有些人甚至在两点钟的时候开灯，但大多数人还是在六点钟醒的，虽然在英国这个时间就算再过一两个小时也还没有天亮。

在准备晚宴的时候，孩子寻找自己的礼物，年轻的玩耍。在下午约一点钟的时候，圣诞晚餐开始。火鸡或鸡肉被迅速吃掉。孩子们在他们的圣诞布丁寻找哪个隐藏了新币。在一天剩下的时间都充满了游戏和吃的，直到最幸福的各个圣诞假期结束。

The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. Before the Spring Festival People clean their houses，put red couplets on their gates，and set off firecrackers to drive away the legendary monster “Nian”.

春节是中华民族最重要的节日。春节来临之前，人们要扫尘、贴对联、放鞭炮来驱赶传说中的怪兽“年”。

On the eve of the Spring Festival, families get together and have a big dinner. Dumplings are the most traditional food.

春节前夕，家人都会团聚在一起享受丰盛的年夜饭。饺子是最传统的食物。

The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Happy new year”. People enjoy the Spring Festival, during this time they can have a good rest.

春节大约持续15天。人们都要走亲访友，相互拜年，还要说：“新年快乐，万事如意。”还可以好好休息一段时间。

Children like the festival very much, because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their elders. This money is given to children for good luck.

孩子们更是喜欢过节，因为他们不仅可以吃到美味佳肴、穿上新衣服，还可以得到很多压岁钱。晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。

Today, my parents were not at home, they had something to deal with, so

they left me alone. I was so happy because I could be in charge in my own house,

it made me feel like I was a grow-up. I wanted to give my parents a surprise, so

I planned to clean the house. It was not easy to do the house chores, first, I

swept the floor and took notice of every corner. And then I rearranged the

messed things. I just wanted to make sure the room would be very clean at first

sign. When my parents went home, they couldnt believe what I had done, they

were so happy that I could take care of myself.

今天，我的父母不在家，他们有事情要去处理，所以他们让我一个人在家。我很开心，因为我能在自己的家里面做主，这让我觉得自己是个成年人。我想要给父母一个惊喜，所以我计划清理房子。做家务真是不容易啊，第一，我要扫地，并且注意房子的每一个角落。让后我重新安置了那些混乱的东西。我只是想要确保房子的每一个角落一眼看过去是很干净的。当父母回到家里的时候，他们无法相信我所做的，他们很开心我能照顾自己。

减压

假设你们班要在下星期一举行题为"The Ways for Students to Relax"的班会，请结合报道的内容。用英语写一篇80字左右的发言材料。

内容包括：

1. 简要介绍造成现在学生学习压力大的原因。

2. 你认为来自于English Online调查结果的放松方式是否有效，为什么？

3.谈谈你个人自我放松的有效做法（至少三点）。

Dear fellows,

Not only adults but also we students often feel stressed because we have too much homework to do, and we are very busy studying every day, we don’t have our own time to do what we are interested in. We are very tired and sleepy all day, so we should learn to deal with it. What should we do to relax?

From the result of the survey, I think doing sports with classmates is a good way to relax. Because it’s good for our health and it can make us relaxed.

I also have three ways to relax ourselues. First, we can listen to music. Second, we can go to the movies with our parents on weekends. Don’t study at home all the weekend. Third, when we feel tired, we can think about something interesting.

I hope my suggestions can help you.Thanks!

[高考英语话题作文减压

A new experience

Yesterday I did commonweal in library to earn my public service

scores(which is similar to the compulsory credits).I arrived library at 8’clock

in the morning,a librarian let me to wipe the mirror in every toilet from one to

six floor.Then I started to wipe the mirrors.It was been two hours after I

finished all work.I was very tired,but looking at the shiny and clean mirrors I

had wiped, I felt very happy.To be honest,I had never done the things like it at

home,so it was a new experience to me,and it make me realize the hard work of my

parent.

参考翻译

一次新的体验

昨天，我在图书馆做公益去获取公益实数(类似于学分)。我早上8点到达图书馆，一个图书馆管理员让我去擦一楼到六楼的厕所里的镜子。然后

就开始擦镜子了。等我完成了所有的工作，已经过去两个小时了。我非常地累，但是看着被我擦得干净闪亮的镜子，我感到很开心。说实话，我在家里从来没有做过像这样的事情，所以，这对我来说是一次新的体验，这也让我体会到了父母的艰辛。

Nowadays, Chinese people are everywhere, on the one hand, they like to travel and on the other hand, the population is very large. But foreigners’ impression on Chinese is not always good. The media have reported the negative incidents that were brought by Chinese tourists, and many foreigners have given their opinion and criticized the tourists’ behavior. It is true that many Chinese people haven’t realized their bad behavior, such as talking loudly in the public occasion. As we have the large population, so not every people has the chance to receive good education. What’s more, the foreign media just reported the bad side while ignoring the good side, so the foreign people always think Chinese people are rude. We admit that we are not doing well enough and we need to behave ourselves. And I believe that a wise man will make his own judgment when he communicate with Chinese.

In today＇s society, more and more adults return to the university, sit in the classroom, open the textbook again in order to further their education.What they study involves a lot of subjectsnot only English and computer used in all trades as tools,but also more professional ones such as MBA courses. Different from thecollegestudentswho may know little aboutwhat they＇ll major in the college before they are engaged in it, the adults make their choices for some simple and definite reasons,which can be roughly classified into three groups, the requirement of the job market, the desire for higher salary and the need for entertainment and relaxation.

In the era characterized of rapid development of technology,it is not so easy to find or to secure a job for the intense competition. As a result, adults feel what they studied in school is far from enough to deal with the work in hand. Thus, "to charge the battery" is listed into schedule by more and more people. For example, Mr. Wang, an accountant in a big company, suddenly realized it was too hard for him to understand technical terms coming from his young colleagues. And worst of all, they ap

peared in the program of their new business. So, firmly, he entered for a weekend course on accountancy for a further degree.

But in some cases, people prefer reeducation just for money,which partly results from the professional job title system in China. Although virtually unrelated to people＇s own jobs, a few certificates are fervently pursued by some middle aged men and women just because they are the criteria for a higher title, which means some one hundred Yuan or so will be added to their salary. So it＇s the eagerness to grasp money rather than to study render them to return to the class.

It is true that severe pressure of making a living stirs some people to pursue further education.However,this is not the case as far as another group of people are concerned. These people, with domestic and occupational stability, feel a lack of interest in their life. So, they turn to some courses such as music and arts and literature, which may be their childhood dream. Education of this type can relax their nerves, make them more graceful and their life more colorful.

Mainly for the three reasons mentioned above, an increasingly large number of adults in modern society came back to classroom after they stepped out of the campus.Whatever reasons lead to their reeducation, our society benefits a lot from the endeavor of these adults.To name just a few, the workers＇ quality improves, and the income of education industry increascs... And more people are continuing to join the team of adult learners.By the way,if youpay a little attention to your parents, you＇ll probably find a brand new College English Course which you have just finished is on his or her desk now.

[关于成人教育的英语作文阅读

January 13 20xx

20xx年1月13日

It was the first day of our winter holiday. All of us were very happy. Why? Because we have one months to do things we love to do. We are free. Although we have some homework. But we can finish them in several days. And the rest time we can make good use of. My god! We have been very tired after hard studying. In winter holidays, I want to have full sleep and eat good food in order to replenish myself. Last but not the least, I will have a good rest.

这是我们寒假的第一天。我们大家都非常高兴。为什么?因为我们有一个月的事,我们喜欢做的。我们是免费的。虽然我们有一些功课。但我们可以在数天内完成这些。而其余的时间我们可以善用。我的上帝!我们已经非常疲倦拼命学习。在冬季假期,我希望能有充分的睡眠和良好的食物吃,以补充自己。最后但并非最不重要,我会好好休息。

Mr Qin is our history teacher. He has a wonderful name Qin Han. He is over fifty now, and he is in good health. He likes history. He is not only interested in Chinese history, but also the history of the world. He likes reading, and goes to the book shop every Saturday. He often tells us something interesting in the history, such as the Great Wall, the World War II and so on. We are all happy to have his classes. Mr Qin wrote a thick book on history and it was published last year. We all admire him!

秦先生是我们的历史老师，他有一个好听的名字秦汉。他已经年过半百，可是身体健康。他喜欢历史。他不仅对中国历史感兴趣，对世界历史也感兴趣。他喜欢读书，每星期六都去书店。他经常给我们讲一些历史上有趣的事，如万里长城，第二次世界大战等等。我们都喜欢上他的课。秦先生写了一本有关历史的厚厚的书，去年出版了。我们都很敬佩他!

I love clean thing, it sounds good for me. But the thing is that I cant bear the dirty environment around me, I am very picky about the environment. I need to make some change, I must get used to the normal situation. So I learn to wash the dirty clothes and do some dirty work. It is hard for me but I start to get over my weakness.

我喜欢干净的东西,这对我来说似乎是好事。但问题是,我不能忍受我周围的环境是脏的,我很挑剔环境。我需要做出一些改变,我必须习惯正常的情况。所以我学着去洗脏衣服,干一些肮的活。这对我来说是困难的,但我开始克服我的弱点。

My summer vacation

This years summer vacation, I so happy.

The summer vacation, I at home carefree get boring, until one day, my dance teacher told me that we are still in perfect order, dance dance of the class is rhythm feeling worse, if good rhythm, can go to the match in a couple of months.

Once I listen to, the game soon, then looking for right away. Ah! Where there is a plate to exercise good rhythm?

"Ah," I sighed. Suddenly remind of a computer. Yi? The computer can play MP3, isnt it? Ha ha! Some I le. I immediately opened up the computer, listening to music. I have heard for three weeks, finally recognized the lasting appeal. Turned out to be "dong man dong man" "dong man dong man" every first "dong" is "a" first "man" is "2" the second "dong" is "three" the second "man" is the "four". Rhythm is "1234, 1234" repeatedly, but want to use English.

I believe that as long as we work hard and have good grades.

Happy summer vacation, happy summer vacation, summer vacation without anxiety.

我的暑假

今年的暑假，我过的特别开心。

暑假，我在家闲得无聊，直到有一天，我的舞蹈老师告诉我，我们这个班舞蹈跳的还是井井有条，就是节奏感差些，要是节奏感好，过几个月就可以去比赛了。

我一听，马上就要比赛了，便马上到处找起来。啊!哪里有碟子让了锻炼好节奏感啊?

"哎"我叹了口气.突然想起电脑.咦?电脑不是可以播放MP3吗?呵呵!有的我乐了。我立即把电脑开起来，听曲子。我听了整整三个礼拜，终于听出了里面的韵味。原来是"咚哒哒咚哒哒""咚哒哒咚哒哒"每第一个"咚"就是"一"第一个"哒哒"就是"二"第二个"咚"就是"三"第二个"哒哒"就是"四"。节奏就是"一二三四，一二三四"重复不停的念，不过要用英文。

我相信，只要我们努力比拼，就一定会有好成绩的。

开心的暑假，快乐的暑假，没有忧虑的暑假。

[我的暑假生活英语作文带翻译3篇

The Dragon Boat Festival， also called the Duanwu Festival， is celebrated on

the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. This

festival is to commemorate the death of QU Yuan， an upright and honest poet and

statesman who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a

river.

The most important activity of this festival is the Dragon Boat races. It

symbolizes people‘s attempts to rescue Qu Yuan. In the current period， these

races also demonstrate the virtues of cooperation and teamwork.

Besides， the festival has also been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous

rice). Zongzi is made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and

wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. People who mourned the death of Qu threw Zong

zi into the river to feed his ghost every year.

With the changes of the times， the memorial turns to be a time for

protection from evil and disease for the rest of year. People will hang healthy

herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house. Although the

significance of the festival might be different with the past， it still gives

the observer an opportunity to glimpse a part of the rich Chinese cultural

heritage.

端午节，又称为端午节，定在第五个月的第五天据中国日历。这个节日是为了纪念屈原的死，一个忠厚老实的诗人和政治家据说在河流溺水自杀。

这个节日最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛。它象征着人们的努力救屈原。在当前时期，这些比赛也证明合作和团队合作的优点。

此外，节日还被吃的粽子(糯米)。粽子是糯米做的塞满了不同的馅料包在竹叶或芦苇叶。人哀悼屈原的死亡把粽子扔进河里喂他的鬼魂。

随着时代的变化，纪念转向防止邪恶和疾病是一个时间的。人们会把健康的草药挂在前门清理房子的坏运气。虽然这个节日的意义可能与过去不同，它仍然使观察者看到的机会丰富的中国文化遗产的一部分。

I came back to school after the summer vacation. As soon as I settled down, I made a phone call to my mother. When I talked to her, I could not hold back my tears. “After all,” I said, “You’re my mother.”

During the vacation, mother and I had a quarrel. After that we were unwilling to talk with each other. She thought I was her sweet daughter and I believed that she did not respect me. Then after few days, I left home. My mother gave me a full package of home-make food and she said to me, “I cook this morning, take this then you can have it on the train.” However, I refuse to take it. I just turned away and slam the door without saying goodbye to my mother. I was still angry about her. “You’re still my good girl.” My mother said in a low voice chocked with sob.

On the train I could not eat anything, I felt terrible. How I wish I had said sorry to my mother before I left. Now all I want to say is, will you forgive me, my dear mother?

暑假结束后，我回到了学校。我一稳定下来，我就立刻打电话给我的母亲。当我和她说话时，眼睛止不住流了下来。我对她说，“毕竟，你是我的母亲。”

在假期的时候，我和妈妈吵了一架。从那以后我们都不愿意和对方说话了。她认为我不再是那个甜美可爱的女孩了。几天后，我就离开了家。走之前，妈妈给了我一大包自己做的食品，她对我说：“我今早煮的，你拿着在火车上吃吧。”然后，我拒绝了妈妈的一片好心。然后我转过身狠狠的摔上门走了。也没有对她说再见。我还在生她的气。“你依旧是我的好女儿。”她用低沉的声音抽泣着说。

在火车上我吃不下任何东西，我感觉很内疚。我真希望在离家之前对我妈妈说声抱歉啊。现在我只想说：我最亲爱的母亲，你愿意原谅我么？

[我的母亲英语作文以及翻译

习近平总书记说过：“百年大计，教育为本”，这体现出国家领导人对于教育的重视;古语有言：“十年树木，百年树人“，可见教化人才难度不小;古语又说：“大道之行，天下为公”，这反映出万事万物都遵循“公平”之理;古语还说：“不患寡而患不均”，这告诫我们均等、公平的重要性，对于教育而言同样因循此理。

我国当前的教育公平问题令人扼腕，农村教师待遇差、农村学校条件差、高考加分乱象多、各地教材不一致、考录比例不一致......这些都阻碍了我国教育公平的实现。古语有云：“求木之长者，必固其根本，欲流之远者，必浚其泉源”，对于教育不公必须追根溯源。

Step 9,2011 Sunday Today my classmates and I went to the Old The nursing home on foot at 3 oclock in the afternoon. As soon as we got there, we began to clean the rooms and wash clothes for the old people. Some of us talked with them. After that we gave them some performances. The old people enjoyed themselves very much. We stayed there for two hours. At about 5 oclock we walked home. I felt very happy (for what I had done) although I was tired. I think everyone should look after and respect old people.

2011年第9个星期日，我的同学和我下午三点到敬老院。我们一到那儿，就开始打扫房间，给老人洗衣服。我们中的一些人和他们交谈。之后，我们给了他们一些表演。老年人玩得很开心。我们在那里呆了2个小时。大约五点我们走回家。虽然我很累，但我感到非常高兴（因为我做了什么）。我想每个人都应该照顾和尊重老人。

[和同学去敬老院英语作文及翻译

Hello everyone. My name is .... I am a student of Grade eight . I am an outgoing , lovely girl and I am so welcomed by my friends and my classmates.

I often go to the movies with my friends on weekends. I can aslo play the violin and have won many prizes in the competitions. I take violin lessons twice a week.

It is a little hard for me but I am very happy , because I have a dream. I want to be a great violinist one day.

Thank you.

大家好。 我的名字是......我是八年级的学生。 我是一个外向的，可爱的女孩，受到我的朋友和同学的欢迎。

我经常在周末和朋友一起去看电影。 我也可以拉小提琴，并在比赛中赢得很多奖项。 我每周两次上小提琴课。

这对我来说有点难，但我很高兴，因为我有一个梦想。 我想成为一名伟大的小提琴手。

谢谢。

Dear Miss Zhu,

亲爱的周老师，

How time flies! It has been a few years since I left high school, but I still remember you in my heart, because you’re the best teacher in my mind. It’s not only because you taught me knowledge, but also you taught me how to study. I have really benefitted a lot from you. So I would like to express my great thanks to you, and share my life in college with you.

时间飞逝!我高中毕业已经几年了，但我仍然把你记在我的心里，因为你是我心目中最好的老师。这不仅是因为你教与我知识，而且你还教我如何学习。从你身上我真的获益匪浅。所以我想向你表达我的感谢，并与你分享我的大学生活。

Now I’m studying in Hunan First Normal College, which is Chairman Mao’s former school. I major in English, because I find it so fun and interesting. As far as I’m concerned, our English Department is the best department in our college. The teachers in our department are knowledgeable, experienced, and warm-hearted. And my classmates are nice, friendly and helpful. Thus, I have a good atmosphere to study. When I have difficulties in study, I always ask my teachers for help or discuss with my classmates. Through their help, I have made great progress in my English study.

我现在在湖南第一师范学校学习，这是主席之前呆过的学校。我的专业是英语，因为我觉得它很有趣。我觉得我们英语系是我校最好的学部。我们系的老师知识渊博，经验丰富，热心肠。我的同学们也很和蔼，友好，乐于助人。因此，我拥有一个很好的学习氛围。当我在学习上遇到困难时，我总是向我的老师寻求帮助或与同学讨论。在他们的帮助下，我在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。

College life is much different from high school life. In college, we should acquire knowledge as well as improve our integrated abilities. There are a lot of English classes for us to learn, such as Basic English, Oral English, Listening, Reading, Writing, Translation, Grammar, English Literature, and so on. I enjoy these classes very much. Except English, we have many other subjects to learn. Life seems so busy here but it’s so fruitful for me.

大学生活与高中生活有很大的不同。在大学，我们要获取知识也要提高我们的综合能力。我们要上很多的英语课，比如，基础英语，英语口语，听力阅读，写作，翻译，语法，英语文学等。我非常喜欢这些课。除英语外，我们还要学习很多其他科目。在这里生活是如此的忙碌，但这对我来说是如此丰硕的收获。

After class, I usually go to the English Corner. There I can practice my oral English by talking with foreigners or chatting with my schoolmates. Now, I’m able to communicate with foreigners well. Sometimes I also take part in some social activities. For instance, last weekend I attended an interesting play. As it was my first performance, I felt a little nervous at the beginning. But when I appeared on the stage, I made every audience laugh happily. I was so proud of myself at that moment, because this was my first achievement.

下课后，我经常去英语角。在那里我可以通过与外国人或我的同学聊天来练习我的英语口语。现在我可以很好的和外国人交流了。有时候我也可以参加一些社交活动。例如，上周我参加了一个有趣的表演。因为是我第一次表演，所以一开始的时候我觉得有点紧张。但当我出现在舞台上时，我让每一个观众都开心的笑了。在那一刻，我为我自己感到骄傲，因为这是我的第一个收获。

What about your present life? I hope to hear from you soon.

你目前生活怎么样呢?希望很快能收到你的回信。

At last, I hope everything goes well with you. Please give my best regards to your family.

最后，我希望你一切顺利。请代我向你的家人问好。

Sincerely yours,

Jason

詹森

It is very hot in the summer.people dont like going out on summer afternoon because the temperature is high.

sometimes it is raining after sun,that is cool!maybe on a summer night，it is thunder and lightning.it is make people scary,and dangerous!so please dont go out when it is thunder.

Though the weather in summer is hot,but I think summer is interesting,because we can swim in the poor!that is great!

在夏天天气很热。人们不喜欢在夏天的下午,因为温度高。

有时太阳后下雨了,很凉爽!也许在一个夏天的夜晚,雷声和闪电。它是让人可怕,危险!所以请不要外出时雷声。

虽然在夏天的天气是热的,但我认为夏天是有趣的,因为我们可以在泳池里游泳!这是非常好的!

题目：

1.在现代社会，城市交通问题变得越来越严重

2.城市交通问题的.表现以及对人们生活的影响

3.解决的方法与措施

题材连接：城市交通问题属于比较热点的社会话题，对于六级考试的作文题材来说，越来越偏重于社会的次热点话题，而且与人们的生活密切相关，让考生拿到题目后有话可说，有文可写.对于目前的社会问题来说了，除了交通问题外，住房问题，就业的问题都可能作为考查的范围与话题

范文

There is no doubt that traffic congestion becomes a growing worry for the

residents of most urban areas. Some major roads are regularly choked with

traffic in rush hours. The limited transport capacity contributes largely to the

vexing problem. How to solve the headache?.

The existing solutions to traffic jam mainly aim at creating metro bus

systems and broadening major roads. Widening the existing roads can solve

traffic snarls on some level. Soaring car ownership compounds the chronic

annoying problem, so we must sharply reduce the heavy reliance on cars and drive

a shift to the mass transportation. It is a cheap and good way. We can create a

system of customized bus routes and highlight the development of subways,

trolleys and light rail. The effective combination of these solutions will

enable the urban areas to possess a smooth traffic.

My mother was my first teacher. All the memories of my childhood are in one way or another connected with mother. I can still remember clearly the days when she told me stories, played games with me and taught me simple maths.

Mother has some good qualities. As a primary school teacher, she is kind to all her students. And she love her work.I have seen her working at her desk late at night when I wake up many times. She is a responsible teacher. As her daughter I also learn a lot from her. She is indeed a good mother.

I love my mother. And I want to be a person like my mother.

我的妈妈是我的第一位老师。我童年所有的记忆都或多或少跟我的妈妈有联系。我仍然还记得她给我讲故事，跟我做游戏,教我做简单的数学题的那些日子。

妈妈有许多优秀的品质，作为一名小学教师，妈妈对所有的学生都非常好的，她热爱本职工作。有好多次，当我深夜睡觉几次醒来，还见她在书桌旁工作，她是一个负责任的老师。作为她的女儿，我从她身上也学到了许多。实际上，她也是一位称职的母亲。

我爱我的妈妈，我希望自己也能成为一个像她那样的人。

万圣节(All Saints Day, All Hallows Day或Hallowmas) 是每年11月1日的欧美大节日。以下是小编带来的关于万圣节的英语资料大全，希望对你有帮助。

Halloween (or Halloween) is an annual holiday observed on October 31, which commonly includes activities such as trick-or-treating, attending costume parties, carving jack-o-lanterns, bonfires, apple bobbing, visiting haunted attractions, playing pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films arevery happy.

Halloween (or Halloween) is an annual holiday observed on October 31, which commonly includes activities such as trick-or-treating, attending costume parties, carving jack-o-lanterns, bonfires, apple bobbing, visiting haunted attractions, playing pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.

History

Historian Nicholas Rogers, exploring the origins of Halloween, notes that while "some folklorists have detected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona, the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the dead called Parentalia, it is more typically linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain, whose original spelling was Samuin (pronounced sow-an or sow-in)".The name is derived from Old Irish and means roughly "summers end".Snap-Apple Night (1832) by Daniel Maclise.Depicts apple bobbing and divination games at a Halloween party in Blarney, Ireland.The name Halloween and many of its present-day traditions derive from the Old English era.

The word Halloween is first attested in the 16th century and represents a Scottish variant of the fuller All-Hallows-Even ("evening"), that is, the night before All Hallows Day.[4] Although the phrase All Hallows is found in Old English (ealra hālgena mæssedæg, mass-day of all saints), All-Hallows-Even is itself not attested until 1556.

11月1日 -- 万圣节 All Saints Day

11月2日 -- 墨西哥的鬼节 Day of Death

万圣节(All Saints Day, All Hallows Day或Hallowmas) 是每年11月1日的欧美大节日。

Halloween 是 All Hallows Eve 的缩写，万圣节前夜的意思，指10月31日的晚上。

For thousands of years people have been celebrating different holidays and festivals at the end of October. The Celts celebrated it as Samhain (pronounced “sow-in”, with “sow” rhyming with cow)。 The Irish English dictionary published by the Irish Texts Society defines the word as follows:

“Samhain, All Hallowtide, the feast of the dead in Pagan and Christian times, signalizing the close of harvest and the initiation of the winter season, lasting till May, during which troops (esp. the Fiann) were quartered. Faeries were imagined as particularly active at this season. From it the half year is reckoned. also called Feile Moingfinne (Snow Goddess)。(1) The Scottish Gaelis Dictionary defines it as ”Hallowtide. The Feast of All Soula. Sam + Fuin = end of summer.“(2) Contrary to the information published by many organizations, there is no archaeological or literary evidence to indicate that Samhain was a deity. The Celtic Gods of the dead were Gwynn ap Nudd for the British, and Arawn for the Welsh. The Irish did not have a ”lord of death“ as such.

The Celts believed that every year on the last day of October, the souls of the dead visited the earth.www.

When the Romans conquered the Celts in the first century A.D., they added parts of their festivals, Feralia and Pomona to the tradition. Feralia was a festival to honor the dead and Pomona was a harvest festival named after the goddess of fruit (apples) and trees.

Around the eigth century, the Christian church made November 1 All Saints Day to honor all of the saints that didnt have a special day of their own. Over the years these festivals combined, the mass held on All Saints Day was called Allhallowmas (the mass of all Hallows - saintly people)。 The night before was known as All Hallows Eve. Eventually this name became Halloween.

In the 1800s, as a lot of people emigrated to the U.S., the holidays and traditions of different cultures merged. Halloween was not always a happy time. October 31, or the night before took on other names. Some called it Devils or Hell night, to others it was mischief night. Here in Vermont, the night before is called cabbage night. To some people this became a time to play tricks on others. Some of these tricks were not fun at all. Luckily, community groups and individuals took action and started to change Halloween into a family event. Dressing up in costumes and going ”trick or treating“, costume parades, community parties and Fall festivals are some of the ways that Halloween is celebrated today.

Other countries have different Fall festivals to honor the deceased.

The Festival of the Dead is one of the most important happenings in both Palermo and the rest of Sicily. The second of November is a festival day for the children of Palermo as, according to tradition,they were made to believe that their dead relatives would return the night before and leave them traditional sweets and cakes on the table (Martorana fruit, which is almond paste made into the shape of different fruit)。 They would also receive puppets of boiled sugar and toys. Its one way of keeping the memory of their dead relatives and loved ones alive.

一年中最”闹鬼“的这天夜里，各种妖魔鬼怪、 海盗、 外星来客和巫婆们纷纷出动。在基督纪元以前，凯尔特人在夏未举行仪式感激上苍和太阳的恩惠。

当时的占卜者点燃并施巫术以驱赶据说在四周游荡的妖魔怪。后来，罗马人用果仁和苹果来庆祝的丰收节与凯尔特人的10月31日溶合了。

在中世纪，人们穿上动物造型的服饰、 戴上可怕的面具是想在万圣节前夜驱赶黑夜中的鬼怪。尽管後来基督教代替了凯尔特和罗马的宗教活动，早期的习俗还是保留下来了。现在，孩子们带着开玩笑的心理穿戴上各种服饰和面具参加万圣节舞会，这些舞会四周的墙上往往悬挂着用纸糊的巫婆、 黑猫、 鬼怪和尸骨，窗前和门口则吊着龇牙裂嘴或是面目可憎的南瓜灯笼。孩子们还常常试图咬住悬挂着的苹果。

美国和加拿大的孩子们在这天穿戴上古怪的服饰去按邻居家的门铃，并按传统发出”是款待我还是要我耍花招“的威胁。邻居们不管是否被吓着，总是准备了一些糖果、 苹果等点心，孩子们则一一收入自己的袋内。

万圣节其实不是基督教的节日。2500年前，爱尔兰的凯尔特人(Celts)以10月31日为一年的最後一日，11月1日是新一年的开始，也象徵冬天的来临。

凯尔特人相信死亡之神Samhain在10月31日的晚上会和鬼魂一起重返人间，寻找替身。因此他们燃点火炬，焚烧动物以作为死亡之神的献礼。还会用动物的头或皮毛做成的服饰打扮自己，发出古怪的声音，使死亡之神认不出自己，避过灾难。这就是今天万圣节化妆舞会的由来。过了当晚，鬼魂回到阴间，一切回复平静。

基督教兴起，教徒沿袭万圣节传统，万圣节的意义慢慢改为纪念为献身於神而死亡的人(holies)。

附带一提，11月2日是墨西哥的鬼节(Los Dias de los Muertos, Day of the Dead)。当天家家户户都烘烤动物造型的面包和煮鸡肉等食物，并在供桌上面放置玩具，以期待早逝的孩童们回到家中玩耍。也可以陈列鲜花、 水果、 照片和彩绘的骷髅头，接待仙逝长辈。

墨西哥人认为，鬼魂和人一样需要及时行乐，所以鬼节宛若一场嘉年华会，人们带着面具到处游走，吃骷髅形状的糖，面包上还装饰有鬼的形像。黄昏时刻，全家人一起到墓园清理墓地，妇女们或跪或坐整夜祈祷，男人们交谈或唱歌，在子夜中烛光忽闪忽灭充满了整个墓园，游唱歌者为已逝亡者的灵魂高歌吟唱。

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