高三英语应用文 写作训练（通用20篇）

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

Courage is very important. Everyone needs it. We will meet many

difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we can’t lose courage.

If we lose courage, we can’t do anything, because we don’t dare to do anything;

we are afraid of failure. This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I

agree with him. For example, we don’t have the courage to hands up to say our

answer, how can we know we are right or wrong. I will remember his word

forever,” never lose courage .”

今天小编为大家分享的是八大类应用文常见写作格式，掌握了对大家写作应用文有帮助！

1.书信

一般书信(包括请柬)包括五个部分：

(1)称呼。信纸第一行顶格写，后面加冒号。

(2)正文。第二行空两格写起，转行顶格。可有若干段落。

(3)结尾。正文写完，如果正文最后一行空格比较多，可以接着写“此致”、“祝”等词语，否则，另起一行空两格或四格写“此致”、“祝”等词语。然后另起一行顶格写“敬礼”、“进步”等祝颂语。

(4)署名。一般写在祝颂词下行的后半行。

(5)日期。写在署名下一行，靠右边写上年月日。

请柬除具有书信的特点外，还要特别写明出席的具体时间、地点。用语要客气有礼貌。

另外，还要注意信封的写法。要写清收信方的邮政编码和详细地址。收信人的姓名、称呼位置居中。称呼是邮递员对收信人的称呼，不宜写“父母大人”、“姐姐”等称呼。发信人的详细地址及邮编要写清楚。如果是挂号信，还要写清发信人姓名。

2.启事

启事的写法是：第一行正中写启事的名称，如“征文启事”。第二行空两格起，写启事内容。末尾右下方分两行写署名、日期。启事的有些内容要十分具体明确，如地址、时间、联系办法等。有些内容就不应写得具体明确，如“失物招领”中有关失物的详情，以防冒领。

3.通知

通知的一般格式是：第一行居中写“通知”二字。第二行顶格写被通知方的名称，加冒号(如果正文已明确了通知的对象，被通知方的名称也可略去)。下行空两格起写正文，如果正文内容较多，可分条写，以便读者把握内容要点。署名和日期分两行写在正文的右下方。

4.电报

在电报专用纸上按要求逐项填写收报人的姓名、地址。电文一般不加称呼，不点标点，不留空格。署名紧接正文，可用对方熟知的略语表示。数字一般用阿拉伯数字表示，每一格最多可写四位数。写电文既要简洁，又要明白，不要因过简而产生歧义，引起误解。

5.新闻

新闻的样式很多，下面简介一下简讯的格式：

(1)标题概括简讯的主要内容。

(2)导语导语是简讯开头的一段话，要求用极简明的话概括简讯的最基本内容。

(3)主体主体是简讯的主要部分，要求具体清楚，内容翔实，层次分明。

(4)结尾是对简讯内容的小结。有些简讯可无结尾。

6.广播稿

广播稿的格式和一般报刊用稿的格式没有什么区别。但要注意收听效果，语言要通俗口语化(书面语改为口头语，文言改为白话)，避免因音同字不同造成误解，也不要因念不出标点而产生误解，如“‘希望小学’每个学生都有本《家长捐资助学调查》。”读起来容易使人产生不同的理解。

7.申请书

写申请书的目的是通过向上级或有关主管部门提出自己明确而具体的某种要求并申明理由，以期得到批准。申请书的一般格式是：

(1)标题括事由和文件名称，如“入团申请书”。

(2)正文包括申请原因(含申请者有关方面的基本状况)、事项、理由和要求。

(3)结尾署明申请者和日期。写申请书，事项要明确，态度要积极，言辞要恳切，理由要充分。《1》《2》

8.说明书

说明书要求对所说明对象的介绍既全面又有重点。要客观、准确、简明、通俗，不可因追求文词华美生动而失实，产生误导作用。

应用文为特定需要服务，受到明确的写作目的、专门的阅读对象、一定的使用场合等条件的制约，因此，行文要注重得体：既要准确表达意思，又要适合对方的心理情感，适应特定的人际关系，适应传递信息的环境条件和其他条件。遣词造句既要说得“明”，又要说得“雅”，因此，要学会正确使用一些习惯用语和少量惯用文言词语。

注意：

应用文较之一般记叙文、说明文和议论文，与生活、社会联系更紧密，格式、行文习惯更有规矩。我们无论使用哪种应用文，都必须按其各自规范化的约定俗成的格式来写，不能随意杜撰。

强化常见应用文的格式训练，包括书写要求、行款式样、结构形式、习惯用语，称谓和签署等，这是应用文写作训练的重点。

语言要简明得体，注重规范性。

1)简明。简明是指语言简要、明确，不能象记叙文那样细致描述，也不能象说明文那样具体阐明，更不能象议论文那样逻辑推理。

2)得体。得体是指语言的运用要注意语言环境。这里主要指具体的时间、地点、场合、对象及表达方式等。语言得体首先要注意表达对象。对领导、老师、父母及其他长辈，一般不能用“希”“望”，应该用“请”、“恳请”。应用文中的某些公告，有告之于公的意思，所以表达上应十分客观，如合同、规则等，而有些则不同，如报告、请假条等，带有请示性质，语言应谦敬些，应用文中的书信，带有最重的主观色彩，给不同对象写信，更得强调语言的得体。语言的得体还要注意表达方式。有的应用文要用书面语表述，如计划、总结、调查报告、告示等，有的则强调口语，如发言稿等;大部分应用文在表达方式上用记叙、说明和议论性文字，如果用抒情笔调来写，则显然不得体。

更多热门文章：

一、充分准备，打好基础。

为了提高初一英语作文写作水平，平时应加强阅读，多背诵一些句形、段落甚至短文。俗话说：读书破万卷，下笔如有神，只有多读，多记，多背诵，才能出口成章，下笔成文。此外，写好初一英语作文还要掌握一些应用文体的写作方法，如书信、日记、通知等，它们大多有固定的格式。

二、认真审题，明确要求

在写初一英语作文的时候仔细看清写作要求和提示，分清材料的主次，接着确定体裁、格式和人物、地点等要素；最后确定时态，同时考虑相关的语态搭配用法。 三、遣词造句、表达规范

初一英语作文用词要恰当，不可逐句把提示翻译成英语。写作时，应尽量选用你最熟悉、最有把握的词和句型来表达思想。如果有些单词不会些，有些句型不会表达，可以设法绕开，用熟悉的同义词、同义短语或同义句来代替。要学会善于运用适当的关联词，如and, or, but, so，because, since等，以使初一英语作文行文逻辑紧密，自然流畅。 四、认真撰写，卷面整洁

初一英语考试中也会有初一英语作文题，如果时间允许，书面表达一定要先写草稿。在抄写入答题卷前，要先进行检查修改。首先检查所写内容是否切题；之后检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当；最后检查所用时态、语态、人称是否符合要求，前后是否一致。 中考复习研讨会指导课件，极具价值。 关联词

1.表示并列或递进: and, as well as, both&and, not only&but also, neither&nor;2.表示选择: or, either∨3.表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all, 4.表示因果: because, so, therefore5.表示条件: if , unless6.表示对比: instead, not&but, on the one hand&on the other hand;7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other words;8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;9.表示强调: also, besides, what’s more, actually, in fact, 10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word, generally speaking,

随着社会的发展，人们在工作和生活中的交往越来越频繁，事情也越来越复杂，因此应用文的功能也就越来越多了。 所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作，有着实用性特点，并形成惯用格式的文章。

应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体，是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的工具，有的应用文还用来作为凭证和依据。

【结构】

1. 结构的含义

结构是指文章内部的组织和构造，是作者按照主题的需要，对材料所进行的有机组合和编排，又称谋篇布局。文章的结构具有两重含义：一是宏观结构，即文章的总体构思、大体框架;二是微观结构，即对文章的层次、段落、开头、结尾、过渡、照应和主次的具体设计。

作用：

①使文章言之有体。“体”指体裁。应用文在长期的写作实践过程中，大都形成了比较固定的结构形态，也叫程式。

②使文章言之有序。合理安排结构，就是根据一定的思路，将零散的材料组织起来，使之条理清楚，成为一个有机的整体。

③使文章言之成文。通过精心安排结构，可以增加文章的文采，从而增强其可读性。

2. 安排结构的原则

①要服从表现主题的需要。主题是作者的写作目的、意图的体现，结构必须服从主题的需要，为表现主题、突出主题服务。例如怎样安排开头与结尾、怎样划分层次与段落、怎样设置过渡与照应、怎样确定主次与详略等等，都要围绕主题进行。这样，才能使文章组成一个严谨周密、内容形式统一的有机整体。

②要正确反映客观事物的发展规律和内在联系。应用文是对现实生活、客观事物的反映，客观事物总有一个发生、发展、结局的过程，作者对它的认识也遵循一定的规律。这种规律性，也就表现为文章结构的基本形式。

③要适应不同文体的要求。文体不同，结构的样式和要求也会不同。应用文不同于文学作品，不同类型的应用文体结构方式也存在着区别。

3. 结构的要求

①严谨自然。指文章结构精当严密，顺理成章。要求作者思路清晰，思维严密，以主旨贯穿全文始终，不枝不蔓。层次段落的划分要恰当，组织严密，联系紧凑，脉络畅通，行止自如。过渡和照应要自然，不能刻意的雕凿，更不能牵强拼凑。

②完整匀称。指文章各部分要配置齐全，比例协调，详略得当，完整合理，重点突出，符合格式要求。如文章一般都有开头、主体和结尾三部分，三部分比例要协调，主体要内容充实，不能虎头蛇尾或尾大不掉;对并列内容的处理，要注意处理好详写和略写的关系，以保证结构的完整和匀称，使之浑然一体。

③清晰醒目。大多数应用文不要求行文曲折波澜，而要求纲举目张、清晰醒目，以便读者把握要领或贯彻执行，所以常采用加小标题、写段首撮要、条目式等形式。这在一些法规性文体中最为明显。

4. 结构的内容

①层次与段落。层次是文章中作者表达主题的阶段和次序，是文章内容展开的次序。层次体现了事物发展的阶段，是问题的各个侧面和作者思维的过程，又称为“意义段”、“逻辑段”、“章”、“节”等。段落，又称“自然段”，是组成文章、表达思想最基本、相对独立的最小单位。段落的形式是层次的再分割，是文章意思的间歇或转换，以换行为为标志。两者有明显的区别，层次侧重于内容的划分，段落侧重于文字形式的表现。有时一个段落恰好是一个层次，有时几个段落表现一个层次或一个段落内有几个层次。安排层次有两种模式：

(1)纵式，即思路纵向展开的结构方式。具体有两种类型：时间顺序式和逻辑顺序式。前者是按照事物的生产流程、事情或事件的发展过程或时间的先后顺序安排层次。需要注意的是，采用这种结构方式，不能事无巨细地记流水账，要抓住事物发展的关键环节。逻辑顺序关系是按照事理内在的逻辑顺序安排层次。这种逻辑关系表现为：现象——本质，原因——结果，宏观——微观，个别—一般等。按照这样的关系先后为序、环环相扣、层层递进地安排结构，就是逻辑顺序。

(2)横式，即思维横向发展的结构方式。表现在形式上，它是把整体划分为若干相对的层次，各层次之间互不交织、平等并列，从不同方面和角度共同揭示了事物的整体面貌和主旨，或按照空间方位的变换，或按照材料的不同性质和类型，或按照问题的不同侧面等。这种结构形式，在应用写作中运用很广泛，述职报告、调查报告、总结等均可采用。

②过渡与照应。过渡是指层次与段落之间的衔接与转换，在文章中起着承上启下、穿针引线的作用。照应是指文章内容的前后呼应和关照，可以使文章结构周密严谨，浑然一体，还能使某些关键内容得到强调，突出主题。

一般情况下，当内容由总到分或由分到总时、意思转换时以及表达方式变化时，需要安排过渡。过渡的形式有段落、句子或词语。如上下文空隙大，转折也很大，常用过渡段连结。上下文空隙小，多用提示性的句子，如公文中，常有“特此如下通告”、“现将有关事项告知如下”、“为此，特制定本条例”等作过渡。在意思转折不大的情况下，多用关联词，如“因为”、“所以”、“但是”等作为过渡词。

在应用文中，常用的照应方法有：

(1)首尾照应，即在文章的结尾处，把开头交待的事或提出的问题再次提起，有的进一步加以概括、归纳、补充，如论文、总结、调查报告等。

(2)文题照应，即指在行文中时时照应标题，对主题加以强调、提示。如大多数公文标题中都包含着“事由”，文章内容自然要与标题相照应。

(3)文中照应，即文章自身前后内容间的照应，如某些细节和问题在行文中不断被提起，这样能强化印象，更好地实现作者的表达意图。

③开头与结尾。开头是全篇文章的第一步，可以起到统领全篇，展开全文的作用。结尾是全文的收束和结局，能帮助读者加深认识，把握全篇，达到预期的写作目的。

常见的开头方式有：

(1)目的式。就是将写作的目的和意义直接说明。一些公文常用这种方式，常用介词“为”、“为了”领起。

(2)根据式。就是开头阐明撰文的根据，或引据政策法令和规定指示，或引述全文，或引据事实和道理，常用“根据”、“按照”、“遵照”等领起下文。

(3)原因式。就是以交待行文的缘由作为开头，常用“由于”、“因”、“鉴于”等引出原因或简述某种情况作为原因，再引出写作目的。

(4)概述式。就是在开头部分对文章内容的背景、基本情况、主要内容加以概述。采用这一方式，能起到提纲挈领的作用。

(5)结论式。就是将结论、结果先作交待，再由果溯因。

(6)提问式。就是开篇提出问题，然后引起下文，常见于调查报告的写作。

(7)引述式。常用于有具体规定格式的文体中，如“合同”，或引述下级来文、上级指示精神，或有关政策法规，以此作为撰文的依据。如批复、函等常用这种方式。

常见的结尾方式有：

(1)自然收尾式。就是在主体部分写完之后，事尽言止，自然收结。

(2)总结归纳式。指在主体写完后，对全文的主旨进行简要的概括，总结全文。

(3)强调说明式。是在应用文的结尾处，对全文的主旨意义、重要性进行强调，以引起读者的注意。

(4)希望号召式。就是在结尾部分提出希望，发出号召，展望未来，以鼓舞斗志。

(5)专门结尾用语式。就是在结尾处，采用特定的用语结束全文。

【语言】

1. 准确

准确，就是要正确地、恰当无误地表达出所要表达的内容，用词用语含义清楚，概念恰当明确，不产生歧义，不引起误会，无溢美之词，无隐恶之嫌。

要做到语言准确，必须要把握词语的分寸感和合适度。特别是要区分同义词、近义词在适用范围、词义轻重、搭配功能、语体雅俗、词性差别等方面的细微差别。

要做到语言准确，还要注意语意鲜明，不能模棱两可，含糊其辞，以免产生歧义，延误工作。如“大致尚可”、“有关部门”、“条件许可时”、“事出有因，查无实据”等表达含糊的词应谨慎使用。

2. 简明

简明，指文字的简洁、明白，用较少的文字清楚表达较多、较丰富的内容，要“有话则长，无话则短”。要做到简明，首先要精简文意，压缩篇幅，突出主干，把无关或关系不大的内容删去。其次要反复锤炼，提高概括能力，杜绝堆砌修饰语，适当使用缩略语，如“五讲四美”等。第三，要推敲词语，锤炼句子，一句话就能说明白的决不用两句话，一个词能概括清楚的决不用两个词。恰当地运用成语、文言词语等，也有助于语言的简明。第四，要注意用词通俗，不用生僻晦涩的字句。应该指出的是，“简”要得当，不能苟简，要以不妨碍内容的表达为前提，绝不能为简而生造词语、乱缩略、滥用文言，不能让人不明白或产生歧义，引起误解。

3. 平实

应用文是为解决实际问题而写的，它的语言重在实用。一个字、一句话，往往至关重要。为了便于读者理解，应用文语言应力求平实。行文时多用平直的叙述，恰当的议论，简洁明了的说明。比如公文，它具有行政约束力和法定的权威性，因此，用语必须朴素、切实，不能浮华失实，不能乱用形容词或俚俗口语。

应用文写作要求用语平实，但平实不等于平淡。我国历史上保留下来的许多文章既是应用文，同时又是文学佳作。

4. 得体

应用文实用性强，讲究得体，一方面要适合特定的文体。按文体要求遣词造句，保持该文体的语言特色。如公文宜庄重，调查报告须平实，学术论文应严谨，社交文书需较浓的感情色彩，广告就常用模糊的语言，使用说明书则需具体实在，商业交际文书要委婉，合同书则要精确等。另一方面要考虑作者自己的身份，阅读的对象，约稿的单位，行文的目的，甚至与客观环境的和谐一致，恰如其分。比如需要登报或张贴的，语言要通俗易懂，需要宣读或广播的，语言应简明流畅、便于朗读;书信的写作，要根据远近亲疏、尊卑长幼的关系使用相应的语言;公文的写作要根据不同文种和行文关系而使用相应的语言，否则就不得体。总而言之，作者应有针对性地运用得体的语言取得最佳的表达效果。

【种类】

应用文的种类繁多，可以从不同的角度划分成不同的类别。

一、按其处理事情的性质划分

可以分为公务类应用文和私务类应用文。

公务类应用文是指为处理国家和集体的事务而写作和使用的应用文，即通常所说的公文。

私务类应用文是指为处理个人的事务而写作和使用的应用文，即通常所说的个人日常应用文书。

二、按表达方式划分

有记叙文、说明文、议论文。

记叙文是以记叙为主要表达方式的应用文;说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的应用文;议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的应用文。

三、按使用领域划分

(一)行政类应用文?行政类应用文包括国家行政机关公文和日常行政公文。

1.国家行政机关公文

国家行政机关公文是指国务院办公厅印发的《国家行政机关公文处理办法》中所规定的命令(令)、决定、公告、通告、通知、通报、议案、报告、请示、批复、意见、函、会议纪要十三类十三种公文。国家机关公文是国家机关、社会团体或企事业单位处理事务的文件，主要用来传达和贯彻党和国家的政策法令，指导工作，提出要求，答复问题，通报情况，交流经验，传递信息。公文制作比较严格，具有一定的法律效力，在写作和使用时，要根据国家最新的行政机关公文处理办法，区分每类公文文种的行文要求和使用范围，确定适用的文种形式，确保其使用效率。

2.日常行政机关公文

日常行政机关公文是指上述国家法定的行政机关公文以外的一些事务文件。是指简报、计划、总结、调查报告、规章制度，介绍信、证明信等用来处理单位内部日常事务，与具体部门进行工作联系的应用文。它们的行文格式不像公文那样严格，制作也比较自由。日常事务公文不具有法定的权威，一般不单独行文，如有必要，需另行备文，按法定公文处理，否则只作为参考材料。有些日常事务公文还可在报刊上发表。

(二)专业工作应用文

专业工作应用文是指在一定专业机关或专门的业务活动领域内，因特殊需要而专门形成和使用的应用文。由于分工不同，社会各行各业经管的事务有很大的差异。这样，在长期的工作实践中便逐渐形成了一些与其专业相适应的应用文，称为专业工作应用文。专业应用文除了要遵守应用文的一般规则外，还有很强的专业特点，外行人是不能写好的，如财经部门常用的预决算报告、审计报告、市场调查报告、市场预测报告、项目可行性研究报告、外贸函电、经济合同等;司法部门常用的起诉书、判决书、证词、辩护词、立案报告、破案报告;文教部门常用的教学计划、教学大纲、教案、教学管理条例;医务工作常用的病历、处方、护理日志、诊断证明书、死亡报告;外事工作常用的照会、声明、国书、意向书、备忘录、国际公约、联合公报等等。

在各类应用文中，专业工作应用文涉及的面最广，发展最快。随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步，社会分工会越来越细，为适应工作需要随事立体的应用写作新形式，也将会不断增多。

(三)日常生活应用文

日常生活应用文主要指个人用来处理日常生活事务和礼仪的应用文，如书信、电报、启事、请柬、讣告、日记、读书笔记。日常生活应用文与个人的日常生活、人际交往活动关系密切，使用范围很广。日常生活应用文虽然也有一定的格式，但不十分严格，写作较灵活自由。

以上只是从大的方面来划分。如果进一步，还可根据行文方向、内容性质或其他管理文件的标准来划分。

【表达方式】

1. 叙述

叙述，指的是把人物的活动、经历和事件发展变化过程交代出来一种表达方式。在应用文写作中是最基本、最常用的表达方式。

应用文写作中叙述的人称，有第一人称(“我”、“我们”)和第三人称(“他”、“他们”)。使用第一人称“我”、“我们”系指作者本人，或作者所代表的群体、单位，如书信、请示、报告、总结等文体的写作，多用第一人称。有时，为简要起见，常使用无主句。有的应用文体，如新闻报道、简介、调查报告、会议纪要，为表明作者立场客观、公正，传播的信息真实、可信，常采用第三人称写作。

应用文中的叙述方式有顺叙、倒叙、插叙、分叙等。应用文中记叙事件的发展过程，介绍单位的基本情况，一般都是按顺叙，即时间先后为序来叙述。其原因在于，应用文重在实用，不求委婉、曲折，故多采用直接的笔法叙事、说理。倒叙、插叙、分叙等用得较少，只在通讯、消息、调查报告的写作中才用得上。

应用文中的叙述要力求真实、准确，不带主观感情色彩;线索清晰，表述完整;以概述为主，尽可能用概括的语言说出其前因后果、来龙去脉，使读者了解其梗概。

2. 说明

说明，就是用简明扼要的文字对事物、事理及人物进行解说的表达方式。目的是使读者对事物的形态、构造、成因、性质、种类、功能，对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、关系等有一个鲜明的了解和认识。

说明在应用文中使用广泛，如解说词、广告词、说明书、简介等文体，主要是用说明的方法来写的。其他文体如经济文书、科技文书、诉讼文书、行政公文等，也常常借助说明的方法解释事理，剖析事理。

说明的方法多种多样，在使用过程中应注意：定义说明要求“被定义者”和“定义者”外延相等，用语简明准确，具有科学性，不能用否定形式，避免“同义反复”;解释说明要求抓住要领，言简意明;分类说明注意根据写作意图选择恰当的分类角度，再次分类只能依据一个标准，各类的总和要等于被分类的事物;比较说明运用时要求用来作比的事物与被比物要相似，有明确的相比点，尽量用人们熟悉的事物作比;举例说明要求事例典型能给人以深刻的印象，举例应扼要，只需概述介绍，不必具体铺叙;引用说明要求引文要有针对性，要贴切，所引资料要认真核实，使之准确可靠;比喻说明应力求准确贴切;数字说明要求数字准确无误，每个数据都要有来源;图表说明要求选择图表要有代表性和针对性，表格的设计要合理，使人一目了然。

3. 议论

议论，即议事论理，是运用事实材料和理论材料进行逻辑推理阐明观点的一种表达方式。它主要特点是证明性，即通过摆事实、讲道理，或证明自己观点的正确，或驳斥对方观点的错误。

在应用文写作中，议论经常使用。调查报告、总结、通报等文体，经常在叙述事实、说明情况的基础上，表明对人物、事件、问题的评价。指示、决议、会议纪要等公文，也常用议论来阐明党和国家的方针、政策，让下级机关和群众理解和执行。

应用文写作中的议论，与一般议论文中的议论有明显的区别。一般议论文中，议论是最主要的表现方法，贯穿全文始终，论点、论据、论证三要素齐备。而在应用文写作中，最主要的表达方式是叙述和说明，议论居于从属的地位，一般只是在叙述、说明的基础上进行。另外，应用文的议论，一般也不需要作长篇大论，不需作复杂的多层次的逻辑推理，也不一定具备论点、论据、论证这样一个完整的议论过程，而只是在需要分析论证的地方，采取夹叙夹议的方法，或采取三言两语的方式，点到即止，不作深入论证。

运用议论要注意，一要庄重，对任何事物的评价要实事求是，以理示人，以理服人。二要明快，要直截了当的阐明观点，不拐弯抹角，不回避矛盾。

In this summer holiday, I didnt attend the summer camp, also did not go out to travel, just stay at home to write my summer homework assignments.

Although it is summer vacation homework, but also do not have a flavor. I take out in writing homework first, open the book, a pen as in the copybook written up a row, particularly serious, because I know if there is no written, there will be a punishment comes. Time soon, after I have finished writing the a, pick it up in the sunlight, she look a look, really good. Followed by a second, I want to write this one looks very little, but it is not good to write to write. After I finish writing the content, a look, there are a lot of grid can collapse, had no choice but to rewrite it again.

Word is a kind of very good leisure, it can let a person quiet short-tempered, also can let a persons word more beautiful, I feel in writing is quite good. Sometimes feel the word hate, tired, why others dont tired, because their word by heart. Summer vacation, I at home day and others to play outside, I envy, but I think the word "game" is also a kind of happy, I like the word!

My English is not very good, so mom and dad give me to quote a cram school during the summer vacation, think of them so hard for me, I also want to more to learn English well.

Mathematics but I didnt make me tired, but mother busy every day during the summer vacation, was going to work and to teach me learn math,

Sometimes learn to learn to feel it is quite interesting.

Alas, I this summer vacation in addition to practice calligraphy, maths and English...... of all the other things didnt do, I live in learning all day.

在这个暑假里，我既没有参加夏令营，也没有出去旅行，我只呆在家里写暑假作业。

虽然是写暑假作业，但也别有一番风味。我先拿出练字的作业，翻开书本，一笔一划的照着字帖临写起来，特别认真，因为我知道如果没有写好，会有惩罚降临的。时间很快，转眼我已经写完一张了，拿起来在阳光的照射下，自己瞧一瞧，真是不错呀。紧接着我要写第二张了，这一张看起来内容很少，不过写起来就不一定好写。我把这些内容写完之后，一看还有很多格子，简直崩溃了，没办法只能再重新写一遍。

练字其实是一种很好的休闲方式，它既可以让一个毛躁的人安静，也可以让一个人的字更加漂亮，我就觉得练字挺好。有时是觉得练字很讨厌，很烦，为什么别人不厌倦呢，因为他们用心练字了。暑假里，我在家练字，别人在外玩，我很羡慕，可是我认为练字也是一种愉快的“游戏”，我喜欢练字!

我的英语不是很好，因此爸爸妈妈在暑假期间给我报了一个补习班，想到他们那么努力的为我，我也要更加学好英语才可以。

数学可是我的老大难，令我厌倦不已，但是在暑假里妈妈每天忙忙碌碌，又要上班又要教我学数学，

有时自己学着学着感觉还挺有意思的。

唉，我这个暑假除了练字、学数学和学英语······其他的事情都没做，我整天都活在学习当中。

The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 solar terms in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increase. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. In the past, the Qingming Festival was called “Arbor Day”, but since 1979, “Arbor Day” was settled on March 12 according to the Gregorian calendar.

清明节是我国24节气之一，在每年农历的4月4-6之间。清明过后，气温逐渐上升，雨水也增多，这是春耕播种的好时机。在过去，清明节也被称作植树节，后来从1979年后，植树节被定在公历的5月12日。

But the Qingming Festival is not only a solar term to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration. It sees a combination of sadness and happiness. This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who come to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices, but the customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers, then burn incense and ghost money. In short, it’s a time to cherish the memory of our ancestors and show our respect to them. Also, it’s a time for family gathering.

清明节不仅是指引人们开始农活的节气，也是举行祭祀最重要的节日，纪念悲伤和喜悦的日子。汉族和少数民族为祖先奉上祭品，为逝者扫墓。清明这天，墓园都是来祭祖扫墓的人，只是祭奠形式都有所简化。清扫墓地后，人们会奉上食物，鲜花，然后烧香烧纸钱。总之，清明是怀念与死去的家人的记忆，表示尊重的一天。同样，也是家人团聚的一天。

I had a very rich winter vacation this year.

At the time of the holiday, my mother was going to work. I was at home in

the daytime. My mother just went home for lunch at noon. Mother said, do things

tight and loose. I hope to finish my homework earlier, so I basically follow the

schedule of school, but I didnt get up early when I got up in the morning. When

I was at school, I had to get up before dawn. In a few days, I finished the

written homework assigned by the teacher, and the rest is to recite Tang poetry

every day, review English and finish the exercises that have not been completed

this semester. In my spare time, I will read extracurricular books. I have read

several extracurricular books during the winter vacation, "childrens literature

in China", "love education", sometimes I will read "readers". Im looking at Niu

Niu by the writer Zhou Guoping.

Close to the end of the year, the busy mother was even more busy. Grandma

knew, and went to our home to help take care of the family, lighten the burden

of mother, grandma came, I have a companion. So my schedule changed. I did

homework in the morning, and I had a new project in the afternoon, that is, let

my grandmother call me knitting yarn. Many people think that knitting wool is a

girls favorite thing to do. I think knitting is fun, so I learn to knit. Mom

said, "knitted sweater is not only fun, but also can exercise our fingers

flexibility very well, which will help greatly in the future, such as typing and

typing, etc. Sometimes, I also contact my classmates, or invite my classmates to

play at home, that is my happiest moment.

The time is so fast that the mommy unit has a holiday. Mom busy in the

work, then busy with things at home. Of course, I have not been idle, I have my

mother went to the market to buy special purchases for the Spring Festival, we

bought a lot of food special purchases for the Spring Festival, poultry meat,

sweets, fruits, beautify Home Furnishing bonsai flowers, festive couplets......

My mother put the flowers and pots well. I drank my father and put it on the

Spring Festival couplets. On the door, and on the walls of the house, a red,

red, big "blessing" was attached to the house. In a moment, the family was

disguised as a year of Chinese taste.

The bell of the new year rounded, we welcomed the year of the tiger, and

people were immersed in a cheerful atmosphere. On the first day of the year, my

mother and I went to relatives, friends and elders. Every time I go, I will

receive the red envelopes from my elders. I think I have received not only a red

bag but a good blessing and a good expectation from my elders. I will study hard

and live up to the expectations of my elders.

When I turn on the TV, I have heard the kitchen came the voice of nagging presence: "alas, the child is watching TV, you know every day watching TV, how big is not sensible, graduation will be over in a month..." Whenever at this time. My heart is pulled tightly, sick of it.

After school, I have no empty to play outside, like a happy bird was put into the cage. What I yearn for the nature, longing for a breath of fresh air outside! But mom is like a ruthless big lock tightly locked me, let me to breathe. I cant sing aloud, cant fly in the sky.

During the holiday, the students can be happy, free. They can go to the movies with my parents, to go to travel, also can go to an amusement park with elder brother elder sister... But I was learning to breath.

Trouble has been bothering me, I really want to tell all parents: our wings is still very young, dont be too much. Put pressure on us, the pressure become our growing annoyance is bad for our health, is disappointment may harvest more in the future......

每当我打开电视，就听见厨房里传来唠叨不休的声音：“唉，这孩子又看电视，每天就知道看电视，都怎么大了还不懂事，再过一个月就毕业了……”每当这时。我的心就揪得紧紧的，烦透了。

上学以后，我没有空到外边去玩，就像一只快乐的小鸟被关进鸟笼里。我多么渴望大自然，渴望呼吸一下外面的新鲜空气啊!可妈妈就像一把无情的大锁紧紧地把我锁住了，让我透不过气来。我不敢高声唱歌，不能在天空中自由飞翔。

每逢放假，同学们可开心，可自由啦。他们可以跟父母去看电影，去游山玩水，也可以跟哥哥姐姐去逛游乐园……可我却被学习压得喘不过气来。

烦恼一直困扰着我，我真想告诉所有父母：我们的翅膀还很稚嫩，不要过多地。给我们施加压力，这样的压力成为我们成长中的烦恼对我们的身体是不利的，也许将来收获的更多是是失望啊……

Every Tuesday and Friday evening sees Miss Li，my neighbor and a secretary in a company rush home after a hard day’s work，gulp down her meals and then hurry out to catch the bus for her English class. Miss Li’s case is not unique，and now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.

There are a number of reasons for people to go back for their education. Some people，like Miss Li，are doing it to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society. To them more knowledge，or rather，more credentials means more opportunities for better jobs and quicker promotion.

Other people，especially those who are laid off or out of employment go to vocational school to prepare to return to the job market. They are eager for new skills so that they can be qualified for the jobs in retail trade，administration，education and other service categories to which they are strange because most of them were blue-collar workers in the factory.

There are also people who come to take such courses as Chinese traditional medicine，painting，calligraphy and photography. As their working weeks decline people begin to have time to fulfill their old dream of their heart’s desire.

Out of necessity or out of interest，people go back to school for the common goal——to improve themselves，and this boom in adult education，in turn，helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country.

The wind gently murmured,puffed and sometimes sighed like a summer breeze lifting the leaves along the livelong night.The cat was curling up quiet in her bed.The mouse was sleeping carefree in his gallery.The dog was lying swwet on the sofa.Even the earth itself was sleeping in tranquility,exept that some house door faintly creaked upon its hinge,telling us a remote inward warmth.Nature was at her midnight work with feathery flakes whirling down in the wind,as if she was showering her silvery seeds over the fields.

Finally I woke up.The floor creaked under my feet as I moved towards the window.The snow as warm as cotton was lying calmly upon the window sill and the stillness of the morning was extremely impressive.

The roofs were standing under their snow caps,while the eaves were wearing their glittering ornaments.The trees raised white arms to the sky on every side,and where there was a wall,there were some fantastic forms of snow stretching exhilarated in the dim landscape,as if Nature had carved her fresh desighs by night as models for mans art.

Silently,I opened the door and stepped outside to face the cutting air.The moon had already lost some of its glow and the land was bathed in a dull mist.A lurid light in the east proclaimed the approach of day while the weatern landscape was bleak with some spooky stillness like a wizard kingdom.What you could only hear was the creepy sounds,seemingly out of the hell----the barking of dogs,the hammering of blacksmith,the lowing of cows and the crying of pigs under the butchers knife.

Gradually,the lurid light darkened and spread across the west.Every flower,every tree and

every weed were bathed in the sunshine.Suddenly,it turned out that all the sounds were not for any melancholy they suggested,but for their twilight bustle which was too solemn and mysterious for me.

I moved om,treading briskly along the road,the dry and crisped snow crunching under my feet.

记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。下面就谈谈英语记叙文的特点和写好记叙文的基本要领。

一、记叙文的特点

1. 叙述的人称

英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：

The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.

用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：

Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.

2. 动词的时态

在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。

3. 叙述的顺序

记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。

4. 叙述的过渡

过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：

In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.

The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.

What a moving and unforgettable scene!

5. 叙述与对话

引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：

I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.

这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：

I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.

二、写好记叙文的基本要领

1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚

写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个" W "和一个" H "有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些" W "和" H "，但动笔之前，围绕五个" W "和" H "进行构思是必不可少的。

2. 突出中心，详略得当

在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：

One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days." I took some food with me and went.

When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.

I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors - they are hungry also!"

3. 用活语言，准确生动

记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。

原文：

One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didnt take it. She served them with tea but they left.

修改后：

The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started and crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him.

"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked.

"I want Mom, I go home." said the boy, still crying.

"Dont worry, well send you home."

And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it.

When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.

那是1961年的圣诞节。我在俄亥俄州的一个小镇上教小学三年级。班上27个孩子都在积极参加"礼物赠送日"的活动。

a tree covered with tinsel and gaudy paper chains graced one corner. in another rested a manger scene produced from cardboard and poster paints by chubby, and sometimes grubby, hands. someone had brought a doll and placed it on the straw in the cardboard box that served as the manger. it didnt matter that you could pull a string and hear the blue-eyed, golden-haired dolly say, "my name is susie." "but jesus was a boy baby!" one of the boys proclaimed. nonetheless, susie stayed.

教室的一角被一棵树装点得熠熠生辉，树上缀满了金银丝帛和华丽的彩纸。教室的另一角是一个涂着海报油彩由纸板制成的马槽，这出自孩子们那胖乎乎、脏兮兮的小手。有人带来了一个娃娃，把它放在纸板槽里的稻草上(假装小耶稣)。只要拉拉它身上的一条细绳，这个蓝眼睛、金发的娃娃就会说道，"我叫苏西"，不过这都没有关系。一个男孩提出："耶稣可是个小男孩呀!"不过苏西还是留了下来。

each day the children produced some new wonder -- strings of popcorn, hand-made trinkets, and german bells made from wallpaper samples, which we hung from the ceiling. through it all she remained aloof, watching from afar, seemingly miles away. i wondered what would happen to this quiet child, once so happy, now so suddenly withdrawn. i hoped the festivities would appeal to her. but nothing did. we made cards and gifts for mothers and dads, for sisters and brothers, for grandparents, and for each other. at home the students made the popular fried marbles and vied with one another to bring in the prettiest ones. " you put them in a hot frying pan, teacher. and you let them get real hot, and then you watch what happens inside. but you dont fry them too long or they break."so, as my gift to them, i made each of my students a little pouch for carrying their fried marbles. and i knew they had each made something for me: bookmarks carefully cut, colored, and sometimes pasted together; cards and special drawings; liquid embroidery doilies, hand-fringed, of course.

每天孩子们都会做点儿新玩意--爆米花串成的细链子、手工做的小装饰品和墙纸样做的德国式风铃，我们把这些风铃挂在了天花板上。但自始至终，她都是孤零零地远远观望，仿佛是隔了一道几里长的障碍。我猜想着这个沉默的孩子发生了什么事，原来那个快乐的孩子怎么突然变得沉默寡言起来。我希望节日的活动能吸引她，可还是无济于事。我们制作了许多卡片和礼物，准备把它们送给爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹、祖父母和身边的同学。学生们在家里做了当时很流行“油炸"玻璃弹子，并且相互比着，要把最好看的拿来。"老师，把玻璃弹子放在热油锅里，让它们烧热，然后看看里面的变化。但不要炸得时间过长否则会破裂。"所以，我给每个学生做了一个装"油炸弹子"的小袋作为礼物送给他们。我知道他们每个人也都为我做了礼物：仔细剪裁、着色，或已粘集成串的书签;贺卡和特别绘制的图片;透明的镶边碗碟垫布，当然是手工编制的流苏。

the day of gift-giving finally came. we oohed and aahed over our handiwork as the presents were exchanged. through it all, she sat quietly watching. i had made a special pouch for her, red and green with white lace. i wanted very much to see her smile. she opened the package so slowly and carefully. i waited but she turned away. i had not penetrated the wall of isolation she had built around herself.

赠送礼物的那天终于到了。在交换礼物时我们为对方亲手做的小礼品不停地欢呼叫好。而整个过程，她只是安静地坐在那儿看着。我为她做的小袋很特别，红绿相间还镶着白边。我非常想看到她笑一笑。她打开包装，动作又慢又小心。我等待着，但是她却转过了身。我还是没能穿过她在自己周围树起的高墙，这堵墙将她与大家隔离了开来。

after school the children left in little groups, chattering about the great day yet to come when long-hoped-for two-wheelers and bright sleds would appear beside their trees at home. she lingered, watching them bundle up and go out the door. i sat down in a child-sized chair to catch my breath, hardly aware of what was happening, when she came to me with outstretched hands, bearing a small white box, unwrapped and slightly soiled, as though it had been held many times by unwashed, childish hands. she said nothing. "for me?" i asked with a weak smile. she said not a word, but nodded her head. i took the box and gingerly opened it. there inside, glistening green, a fried marble hung from a golden chain. then i looked into that elderly eight-year-old face and saw the question in her dark brown eyes. in a flash i knew -- she had made it for her mother, a mother she would never see again, a mother who would never hold her or brush her hair or share a funny story, a mother who would never again hear her childish joys or sorrows. a mother who had taken her own life just three weeks before.

放学后，学生们三三俩俩地离开了，边走边说着即将到来的圣诞节：家中的圣诞树旁将发现自己心系已久的自行车和崭新发亮的雪橇。她慢慢地走在后面，看着大家拥挤着走出门外。我坐在孩子们的小椅子上稍稍松了口气，对要发生的事没有一点准备。这时她向我走来，双手拿着一个白色的盒子向我伸过来。盒子没有打包装，稍有些脏。好像是被孩子未洗过的小手摸过了好多遍。她没有说话。"给我的吗?"我微微一笑。她没出声，只是点点头。我接过盒子，非常小心地打开它。盒子里面有一条金色的链子，上面坠着一块闪闪发光的“油炸"玻璃弹子。然后我看着她的脸，虽只有8岁，可却是成人的表情。在她深棕色的眼睛里我找到了问题的答案。我在一瞬间明白过来--这是她为妈妈做的项链。

i held out the chain. she took it in both her hands, reached forward, and secured the simple clasp at the back of my neck. she stepped back then as if to see that all was well. i looked down at the shiny piece of glass and the tarnished golden chain, then back at the giver. i meant it when i whispered," oh, maria, it is so beautiful. she would have loved it."neither of us could stop the tears. she stumbled into my arms and we wept together. and for that brief moment i became her mother, for she had given me the greatest gift of all: herself.

我拿起那条链子。她用双手接过它，向前探了探身，在我的脖子后把简易的项链钩系好。然后她向后退了几步，好像在看看是否合适。我低下头看着闪闪发亮的玻璃珠和已失去光泽的金色链子，然后抬起头望着她。我很认真地轻声说道：“哦，玛丽亚，这链子真漂亮。你妈妈一定会喜欢的。"我们已无法抑制住泪水。她踉踉跄跄地扑进我的怀里，我们都哭了。在那短暂的一刻我成了她的妈妈，而她送给了我一份最珍贵的礼物：她的信任和爱。

As we all know, reading has a lot of benefit. It can open up our eyes because books are full of knowledge, and it makes us wiser and richer in life. I like readiry; newspapers and magazines, from which I get lots of fun and learn about whats going on around the world. I also read story books and novels in my spare time which make me relaxed and happy. I seldom read e-books because theyre bad for eyes. On weekends, I usually spend a whole afternoon reading in the library. And I also read for about half an hour before going to bed every night.

我们都知道，阅读有很多好处。它可以打开我们的眼睛因为书满是知识，它使我们更聪明和更丰富的生活。我喜欢readiry;报纸和杂志，我从中得到许多乐趣和了解世界各地正在发生什么。我也在我的业余时间，让我轻松愉快的阅读故事书和小说。我很少看电子书，因为他们对眼睛有害。在周末，我通常在图书馆度过一整个下午的时间阅读。我也读过了大约半个小时每天晚上睡觉前。

Summer vacation is coming. I plan to do more reading I am going to read more classics and more English books to improve my language skills. Im sure reading can make a difference to my life.

暑假就要来了。我计划做更多的阅读，我要多读名著和更多的英语书来提高我的语言技能。我相信阅读能使我的生命不同。

篇一

The problem of “white pollution” caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious, in which plastic shopping bags play an important role. In China about three billion plastic shopping bags are consumed every day, which results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution. Luckily, The government has put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags, demanding that all stores and supermarkets not provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1. The rule will undoubtedly reduce the use of plastic bags and enhance the awareness of environmental protection. It is highly advocated that we should turn to cloth bags and shopping baskets from now on.

篇二

There have been many environmental protection problems in recent years . One of the most serious problem is greenhouse gas emissions have caused climate change ,At the same time ,lots of trees have been used and wasted.So our earth is becoming warmer and warmer . .That brings us illnesses and death.

Luckily ，,many countries have done a lot to stop environmental pollution。Its the most important in the environmental protection today.

In my opinion ,on the one hand ,through education we should make people realize that destroying the environment means destroying ourselves,......On the other hand ,we should try to do something to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions.

In a word .we must develop low-carbon economy......

译：

现在这些年已经有很多关于保护环境的问题。其中最严重的一个问题就是温室气体排放已经造成了气候改变。同时，很多树木被砍伐掉了，而且大量别的资源已经被用完或者浪费。所以我们的地球变得越来越温暖(热)。这样带给我们的是疾病和死亡。。

幸运的是，很多国家已经采取了很多措施来控制环境污染问题。如今，这是最重要保护环境的措施。

我认为，一方面，虽然教育我们应该让人们意识到破坏环境就是伤害人类自己。另一方面，我们应该尽力做一些事情来控制温室气体增长。

总之，我们必须发展低碳经济……

篇三

Dear brothers and sisters,

Oh behalf of the University Students union , I, the Chairman of the union , am earnestly calling for yo ur active participation in our environmental protection campai gn. It is the duty of every global villager; man just can not sustain his glorious c i vilization without a rewarding environment, which will be possible only if man makes considerable efforts to protect the environment.

Do you cherish precio us opportunities to volunteer in our joint efforts in environmental l protection? Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth; Right next Saturday, our university is to run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city. The University Students union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers. Lets join our h ands and take action immediately.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

Univers

(一)屈原投江

(one) Qu Yuan River

为了纪念爱国诗人屈原，居民为了不让跳下汨罗江的屈原尸体被鱼虾吃掉，所以在江里投下许多用竹叶包裹的米食(粽子)，并且竞相划船(赛龙船)希望找到屈原的尸体。

To commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan, residents in order not to let Qu Yuans Miluo River jumped by fish and shrimp to eat, so in the river for the rice wrapped in bamboo leaves with many (dumplings), and race (rowing Dragon Boat Race) to find Qu Yuans body.

(二)曹娥寻父尸

(two) case of seeking father.

东汉孝女曹娥，因曹父溺江而亡，年仅十四岁的她沿江豪哭，经十七日仍不见曹父尸首，乃在五月一日投江，五日后两尸合抱而浮起的感人事迹， 乡人群而祭之。

The Eastern Han Dynasty filial daughter Cao E, drowned himself in a river because Cao father died, only fourteen years old, she cried along the ho, after seventeen days still do not see Cao father body, but in May 1st the river, five days from two dead and floating deeds, people group and sacrifice.

(三)白蛇传

(three) the legend of white snake

传说白蛇白素贞，为了报答许仙的恩惠，与许仙结为夫妻的凄美的爱情故事，传说端午节当天白蛇喝了雄黄酒，差点现出蛇形，加上法海白蛇及水淹金山寺的情节，都是脍炙人口的民间戏曲的曲目。

The legend of white snake and Bai Suzhen, in order to repay the grace of Xu Xian, and Xu Xianjie married the beautiful love story, the legend of the White Snake Legend of the Dragon Boat Festival a male Yellow Wine, almost a snake, white snake and flooded with sea Jinshan Temple of the plot, is a folk opera music win universal praise.

(四)伍子胥的忌日

(four) the anniversary of the death of Wu Zixu

传说伍子胥助吴伐楚后，吴王阖闾逝世，皇子夫差继位，伐越大胜，越王句践请和，伍子胥主战，夫差不听，却听信奸臣言，赐伍子胥自杀，并于于五月五日将尸体投入江中，此后人们于端午节纪祀伍子胥。

Legend has it that Wu Zixu will Fachu Wu, Wu helv Prince died, his successor, the victory of the king, and Wu Zixu battle, the king, do not listen, but listen to a word, give Wu Zixu Dutch act, and on May 5th the bodies into the river, then people in the Dragon Boat Festival worship Wu Zixu ji.

一、北京理工大学翻译硕士考研复习指导

1．基础英语：

基础英语选择题考的特别细致，没有专门的教材，还是重在平时积累，凯程老师在讲课过程中特别重视对于考生基础知识的积累。凯程老师会对考生的阅读理解进行系统的训练。阅读理解也是偏政治，凯程老师会重点训练同学的答题速度，培养同学们阅读答题技巧，针对作文这方面，凯程老师也会对考生进行一系列的训练，让同学们勤加练习，多做模拟作文。

2．翻译英语：

翻译硕士基础这门课是需要下功夫的，英汉词条互译的部分完全需要你的积累，主要是词汇量和分析抓取能力。凯程老师会对学生的这两个方面进行很完善的训练。

凯程老师总结了以下提升翻译技巧的方法，供考研学子参考。

词组互译：大多考的都很常见，所以多看看中英文的报纸还是有好处的。

英汉：对文章的背景有一定的了解是最好的，如果没有，就需要体现出自身的翻译素养。翻译也要注意文风，语气之类的，要符合原文的风格。

凯程老师也很重视答题技巧，在此凯程名师友情提示大家，最好在开头就能让老师看到你的亮点，不管怎样至少留下个好印象。不管风格怎么变，翻译功底扎实，成绩都不会太差。所以还是提高自己翻译水平，才能以不变应万变。

3．百科：

先说说名词解释。这道题考得知识面很全，可能涉及到天文、地理、历史、法律、政治、中外文学、中外文化、音乐、翻译专有名词等，准备起来比较棘手，但是凯程老师会给学生准备好知识库，方便学生复习。百科的准备，一要广泛，二要抓重点，尤其要重视学校的参考书目，同时凯程也会提供凯程自己的教材及讲义来帮助大家。

接下来是应用文写作。其实这个根本不用担心，常出的无非是那几个：倡议书、广告、感谢信、求职信、计划书、说明书等，到12月份再看也不晚。但要注意一点，防止眼高手低，貌似很简单，真到写的时候却写不出来，所以还是需要练习的，凯程老师会在学生复习过程中对应用文的写作进行系统的训练。另外，考试的时候也要注意格式、合理性，如果再加上点文采，无异于锦上添花。

最后说说大作文。这个让很多同学担心，害怕到考场上无素材可写，或者语言生硬，拼凑一篇，毕竟大学四年，写作文的机会很少，早没有手感了。所以，凯程老师会针对这种情况，让考生从复习开始时，就进行写作训练，同时也会为考生准备好素材。

最后，注意考场上字体工整，不要乱涂乱画，最好打上横线，因为答题纸一般是白纸。

二、北京理工大学翻译硕士考研的复习方法解读

（一）、参考书的阅读方法

（1）目录法：先通读各本参考书的目录，对于知识体系有着初步了解，了解书的内在逻辑结构，然后再去深入研读书的内容。

（2）体系法：为自己所学的知识建立起框架，否则知识内容浩繁，容易遗忘，最好能

够闭上眼睛的时候，眼前出现完整的知识体系。

（3）问题法：将自己所学的知识总结成问题写出来，每章的主标题和副标题都是很好的出题素材。尽可能把所有的知识要点都能够整理成问题。

（二）、学习笔记的整理方法

（1）第一遍学习教材的时候，做笔记主要是归纳主要内容，最好可以整理出知识框架记到笔记本上，同时记下重要知识点，如假设条件，公式，结论，缺陷等。记笔记的过程可以强迫自己对所学内容进行整理，并用自己的语言表达出来，有效地加深印象。第一遍学习记笔记的工作量较大可能影响复习进度，但是切记第一遍学习要夯实基础，不能一味地追求速度。第一遍要以稳、细为主，而记笔记能够帮助考生有效地达到以上两个要求。并且在后期逐步脱离教材以后，笔记是一个很方便携带的知识宝典，可以方便随时查阅相关的知识点。

（2）第一遍的学习笔记和书本知识比较相近，且以基本知识点为主。第二遍学习的时候可以结合第一遍的笔记查漏补缺，记下自己生疏的或者是任何觉得重要的知识点。再到后期做题的时候注意记下典型题目和错题。

（3）做笔记要注意分类和编排，便于查询。可以在不同的阶段使用大小合适的不同的笔记本。也可以使用统一的笔记本但是要注意各项内容不要混杂在以前，不利于以后的查阅。同时注意编好页码等序号。另外注意每隔一定时间对于在此期间自己所做的笔记进行相应的复印备份，以防原件丢失。统一的参考书书店可以买到，但是笔记是独一无二的，笔记是整个复习过程的心血所得，一定要好好保管。

三、北京理工大学翻译硕士复试分数线是多少？

北京理工大学翻译硕士复试分数线是355分，政治和外语最低55分；业务课1和业务课2最低83分。

北京理工大学翻译硕士复试的笔试科目有:中译英、英译中。

北京理工大学方医生硕士复试面试内容有如下两项:

1、口试：包括就所给题目发表自己的观点和看法；

2、听译：英译汉、汉译英。

考研复试面试不用担心，凯程老师有系统的专业课内容培训，日常问题培训，还要进行三次以上的模拟面试，确保你能够在面试上游刃有余，很多老师问题都是我们在模拟面试准备过的。

四、北京理工大学翻译硕士考研初试参考书是什么

北京理工大学翻译硕士初试参考书很多人都不清楚，这里凯程北京理工大学翻译硕士王牌老师给大家整理出来了，以供参考：

庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。

叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》，北京：清华大学出版社，2001。

张培基，《英译中国现代散文选》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999。

杨月蓉，《实用汉语语法与修辞》，重庆：西南师范大学出版社，1999。

叶 朗，《中国文化读本》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008。

卢晓江，《自然科学史十二讲》，北京：中国轻工业出版社，2007。

夏晓鸣，《应用文写作》，上海复旦大学出版社，2010

提示：以上书比较多，有些书的具体内容是不需要看的，凯程授课老师届时会给大家详细讲解每个重点的内容，减少大家盲目复习。

五、北京理工大学翻译硕士辅导班有哪些？

对于翻译硕士考研辅导班，业内最有名气的就是凯程。很多辅导班说自己辅导北京理工大学翻译硕士，您直接问一句，北京理工大学翻译硕士参考书有哪些，大多数机构瞬间就傻

眼了，或者推脱说我们有专门的专业课老师给学生推荐参考书，为什么当场答不上来，因为他们根本就没有辅导过北京理工大学翻译硕士考研，更谈不上有翻译硕士的考研辅导资料，考上北京理工大学翻译硕士的学生了。

在业内，凯程的翻译硕士非常权威，基本上考清华北京理工大学翻译硕士的同学们都了解凯程，凯程有系统的考研辅导班，及对北京理工大学翻译硕士深入的理解，在北京理工大学深厚的人脉，及时的考研信息。凯程近几年有很多学员考取了北京理工大学翻译硕士，毫无疑问，这个成绩是无人能比拟的。并且，在凯程网站有成功学员的经验视频，其他机构一个都没有。同学们不妨实地考察一下。

六、北京理工大学翻译硕士英语笔译专业介绍

北京理工大学翻译硕士学费总额是1.6万元，学制二年。

北京理工大学翻译硕士的奖学金政策如下：

国家助学金硕士6000元/年；

学校助学金硕士4000元/年；

学业奖学金覆盖比例超过40%，硕士8000元/年。

另外，优秀研究生还可申请国家奖学金及社会捐助奖学金。学校还设有助教、助管、助研岗位，供研究生选择。

北京理工大学翻译硕士英语笔译方向考试科目如下：

①101思想政治理论

②211翻译硕士英语

③357英语翻译基础

④448汉语写作与百科知识

七、北京理工大学翻译硕士就业怎么样？

当今，MTI翻译硕士作为新生的专业越来越“热门”，由于社会对翻译硕士专业人才需求量原来越大，所以每年报考翻译硕士的考生数量成倍增长。据北京理工大学发布的毕业生就业质量报告显示，北京理工大学翻译硕士毕业生总体就业率达到了98.44%。

而且当前，国内专业翻译人员较少，而且小语种众多，一般来讲每人可精通仅一两种。加之各个行业专业术语繁多，造成能够胜任中译外的高质量工作人才明显不足。所以翻译硕士可以说是当前较为稳定的热门专业之一。

由此来看，北京理工大学翻译硕士就业前景非常不错，北京理工大学翻译硕士的含金量很大，现在经济贸易的国际化程度越来越高，对翻译的需求也是很大的，这种专业性人才是非常有市场的，只要能力够就业很轻松，工资也很高。

八、北京理工大学翻译硕士难度大不大，跨专业的人考上的多不多?

近些年翻译硕士很火，尤其是像北京理工大学这样的著名学校。北京理工大学翻译硕士的招生人数为16人。总体来说，北京理工大学翻译硕士招生量相对较大，考试难度相对不高。根据凯程从北京理工大学研究生院内部的统计数据得知，北京理工大学翻译硕士的考生中90%是跨专业考生，在录取的学生中，基本都是跨专业考的。

在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。其次，翻译硕士考试科目里，百科，翻译及基础本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。即使本科学翻译的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。凯程考研每年都有大量二本三本学生考取的，所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。

九、如何调节考研的心态

稳定的心态：其实我觉得只要做到全力以赴，然后中间不徘徊、不彷徨，认定目标，心态基本上都是稳定的，成功的学生，除了刚开始纠结于考不考得上这个问题紧张心绪不稳定之外，后来都挺稳定的，至少从表面上看上去是这样的，或许内心深处还是不太稳定的，而且偶尔还是会出现抓狂的情况，不过很快就好了。

效率与时间：要记住效率第一,时间第二，就是说在保证效率的前提下再去延长复习的时间，不要每天十几个小时，基本都是瞌睡昏昏地过去的，那还不如几小时高效率的复习，大家看高效的学生，每天都是六点半醒，其实这到后面已经是一种习惯，都不给自己设置闹铃，自然醒，不过也不是每天都能这么早醒来，一周两周都会出现一次那种睡到八九点的情况，我想这是身体的需要的，所以从来也不刻意强制自己每天都准时起来，这是我的想法，还有就是当你坐在桌前感觉学不动的时候,出去听听歌或者看看新闻啥的放松放松。

坚定的意志：考研是个没有硝烟的持久战，在这场战争中，你要时刻警醒，不然随时都会有倒下的可能。而且，它不像高考那样，每天都有老师催着，每个月都会有模拟考试检验着。所以你不知道自己究竟是在前进还是在退步、自己的综合水平是在提高还是下降。而且，和你一起的研友基本都没有跟你考同一个学校同一个专业的，你也不知道你的对手是什么水平。很长一段时间，都感觉不到自己的进步。而且，应该在自己的手机音乐播放器里存一些特别励志的歌曲，休息期间可以听听，让自己疲惫下来的心理瞬间又满血复活。在凯程，不断有测试，有排名，你就知道自己处于什么位置，找到差距，就能充足能量继续复习。

最后，无论以何种方法复习，考生都要全身心投入，这样才能取得好成绩。相信广大考生对于北京理工大学翻译硕士都有自己的理解，也希望以上内容能够给考生带来帮助。凯程考研祝大家考研顺利!

一分耕耘一分收获。加油！

Firstly， studying abroad is the best way to learn a language.there is no better and more effective way to learn a language than to imersed in a culture that speaks the language.

Secondly,studying abroad allows you to get to another culture firstt hand.Culture difference are more than just language food and personal habits.Student who experience culture difference personally can come to truely understand the real difference.

Thirdly,studying abroad can give you the opportunity to travel and make friend around the world,and broaden your horizon.

首先,出国留学是学习一门语言的最好方法。没有更好、更有效的方法来学习一门语言的文化比imersed说话的语言。

其次,出国留学可以让你进入另一种文化firstt手。文化差异不仅仅是食物和个人习惯的语言。学生亲自体验文化差异可以来真正理解真正的区别。

第三,出国留学可以给你机会旅游,让世界各地的朋友,并拓宽你的视野。

Communicating in English effectively is essential in todays global economy.

在今日全球化的经济环境下，有效地用英语交流已经变得至关重要。

But conveying your ideas clearly is a skill that needs to be learnt. Too often people simply copy the style of their co-worker and especially their superiors as they think this "good English". You see examples in your in-box every day - emails that are difficult to understand and that you need to read over and over again to get the message.

然而如何清晰地表达你的想法却是门大学问。太多时候人们只是简单地照抄他们眼中同事，尤其是上级写出来的“漂亮英语”。你每天都能在收件箱里看到很多例子——那些难懂的需要你读好多遍才能理解的邮件。

A big mistake is to pad out your writing with unnecessary words and phrases. Remember that the purpose of your writing is to communicate your ideas clearly.

一个巨大的错误就是用一些不必要的单词和词组让你的文章变得冗长。你要牢记你写作的目的是为了更清晰地交流你的想法。

Always try to reduce the number of words in your sentences and avoid lengthy phrases that can be replaced with a shorter alternative. Here are some examples:

总是尽可能减少你句子中使用的字数，避免使用可以用更短的词代替的长词。以下是一些例子：

*Instead of "prior to" use *before*

用“before”代替“prior to”

*Instead of "subsequent" use *after*

用“after”代替“subsequent”

*Instead of "in order to" use *to*

用“to”代替“in order to”

*Instead of "in the event that" use *if*

用“if”代替“in the event that”

*Instead of "with reference to" use *about*

用“about”代替“with the reference to”

*Instead of "state of the art" use *latest*

用“latest”代替“state of the art”

*Instead of "due to the fact that" use *since*

用“since”代替“due to the fact that”

*Instead of "not later than 2pm" use *by 2pm*

用“by 2pm”代替“not later than 2pm”

*Instead of "at the present time" use *now*

用“now”代替“at the present time”

Remember about organisation as well. Use topic sentences to indicate what each paragraph is about. In addition, keep your emails short. No one likes to read an email 10 paragraphs long!

同时也要记得文章有组织性。第一句话就要开门见山地点出你每一段要讲什么。除此之外，要控制你邮件的长度。没人想读一条长达10段的邮件。

By using simple words and easily understood phrases you can improve the clarity of your message no end.

通过使用简单的单词和易懂的词组，你就能最终提高你信息的清晰度。

英文写作是一种综合能力训练，临阵磨枪是不能取得好成绩的，也是不可取的，应该重视平时的英语作文训练。下面是小编帮大家整理的英语写作教学方法，希望大家喜欢。

高考英语作文占25分，有着不可忽视的比重，它足可以说明写作教学在高中英语教学中占有相当重要的位置。然而高考现状却不乐观，部分学生由于平时缺乏足够的训练，所以对英语写作要么感到无从下手，充满畏难情绪，胡乱写些英语单词或不着边际的句子充当字数，权作心理慰藉；要么用词不当，构句无章，错误频出，行文不流畅，表达不地道，无写作质量可言。如何提高学生的写作水平和促进写作教学呢？笔者认为应注意下列几个问题：

一、注重写作教学的基本训练阶段

语言教学最高层次是应用。英语属于结构语言，它有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短语等，这些都是不可变的，要想在写作中用上它们，用好它们，必须加强这方面的基本训练。首先，加强五种基本句型结构教学。几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩大、延伸或变化，因此训练学生“写”就要抓住五种基本句型的训练，让他们把这五种基本句型记牢，不断运用。五种基本句型是：

(1)S＋V；

(2)S＋V＋O；

(3)S＋V＋O＋O；

(4)S＋V＋P；

(5)S＋V＋O＋C。

五种基本句型虽然能表达一定的意思，但无法比较自由地表达思想，因此还必须对学生进一步进行扩句训练，在课堂上充分发挥学生的想像力，进行扩句练习。其次，加强句型教学，要对一些句子进行分析，增强他们利用各种句子进行一意多种表达的训练。再次，充分利用新教材中“巩固语言的练习，”对学生进行基本语感的训练。

二、注重写作训练的多样化

听、说、读、写四种技能是相互依赖的，说的能力有赖于听的能力，进而有助于写作。听是理解和吸收口头信息的手段。听和读是输入，只有达到足够的输入量，才能保证学生具有较好的说和写的输出能力。因此，在日常的教学中要注重写作训练的多样化。

首先，在Dialogue的教学中，除了听录音、对话、表演和编写相似的对话外，还要求学生把对话改写成一段短文，这样就要求学生在变成短文的过程中，注意时态、语态、人称和前后的逻辑关系，从而为写作打下基础。

其次，在Reading教学中，回答问题时要求学生必须用自己的语言，且人称、时态要做相应的变化，这样既能搞懂本意，又能用同义句表达，提高了表达能力。还要让学生用课文中的词组进行复述，学生复述课文不是件容易的事，既要把握课文中的重点，逻辑关系，又要用自己的语言把主要内容表达出来。这样既锻炼了他们组织篇章结构、句子与句子之间逻辑关系的能力，又提高了语言的精炼度，使自己的写作能力有了很快地提高。

再次，在“Listening”教学中，除了让学生听懂做完听力练习之外，还让他们把练习作为guide进行复述听力材料，有时还让他们写在作文本上。

三、注重写作训练的规范化

高中起始阶段的写作训练，培养学生的写作模式是非常重要的。我按教师用书上说明的写作步骤，即：①构思(讨论题目)；②写提纲(理顺思想的逻辑关系)；③起草(打草稿)；④校订(检查错误，重新安排内容)；⑤修改(定稿)。对学生进行写作模式的训练。这样看起来比较麻烦，但避免了反复，养成了好的写作习惯。再就是书写和文体格式要规范。严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子，注意大小写和标点符号，养成良好的书写习惯。。同时对各种文体特点、格式要讲清楚，使学生熟悉规范的书面表达形式，用正确的标准评析和规范自己的书面表达。

四、注重教师的指导作用

教师批改是写作教学的有机组成部分，批改过程中，教师的指导作用就在于肯定学生的成绩，指出错误，给学生以恰当的评价。但在批改过程中，如果抓住学生的错误不放，有错必纠，改到最后，就变成了教师自己的作品；如果对错误视而不见，写得再多也收效甚微。我根据教学实践，对于新教材中的“有指导的写”的写作训练，规定学生限时写完，同桌、前后桌互相批改，重新行文，再上交。这样批改起来就非常轻松，而且典型错误，很容易找出，有利于讲评。对于新教材中的“自由写作”训练，我指导学生弄清主题，抓住要点，组词造句，安排好顺序，过渡到段落形成短文，多用熟悉的单词和句型，多用五种基本句型表达。然后让学生共同研究，互相评论写好的草稿，以便最后写出修改的稿子来，这就有助于减轻教师修改作业的负担，也有利于学生写作水平的提高。

总之，英文写作是一个学生综合能力的书面体现，是一个长期复杂的训练过程。因此，培养学生的写作能力不能一蹴而就，而要在平时从学生的实际水平出发，有目的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有反馈地进行，由易到难，循序渐进。只有这样，到高考时才能做到厚积薄发、思如泉涌、下笔如有神。