高三英语应用文 写作训练【20篇】
导语:弯下腰,意欲寻找那一片枯黄,竟然一无所获;抬起头,欲仰望蓝天,视线却已被刚抽出嫩芽的枝条吸引住——惊觉,这是春的足迹,是元宵使者的呼唤。下面是小编整理的闹元宵作文,请大家认真阅读!
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654英语写作指导之如何提高英语写作能力?
全文共 1723 字
+ 加入清单英语写作是语言综合运用能力的具体体现,也是很多高中学生学习中的弱项。如何提高自己的英语写作能力呢?
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
(一)渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序,由易到难,循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段,要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯,狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后,再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等,这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
(二)多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言,可以用回答提问的口头作文,也可以用续写故事;可以改写课文,也可以仿写课文;可以写提纲训练谋篇布局,也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言,可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文,也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论,学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识,从而了解别人的思想,再通过说和写来表达自己的思想,让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此,写与听说读紧密结合,进行多元化的能力训练,可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
(四)控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导,控制学生的汉语语言思维,发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿,而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导,可给出范文让学生模仿,以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维,尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维,以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
(五)持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事,而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备,要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
(一)通过积累词汇量,提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样,词汇是说话写作的必需材料,也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象,如果要写一个句子,10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出,有2 个单词用法不当,又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢?因此,在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词,记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多,各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯,可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程,要长期地坚持下去,才能不断积累大量的词汇,为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
(二)通过扩大阅读量,提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,这是汉语的一种学习方法,同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径,同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法,有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中,教师要注意以下问题:一是指导阅读方法,分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等,帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合,通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词;通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量,扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广,才能不断扩大学生的知识面,使学生适应各种题材的写作。
(三)通过提高听说能力,提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的,提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课,多开展专门的听说训练,同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动,让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语,久而久之,学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
(四)通过重视写作过程,提高英语写作能力。长期以来,英语写作成果教学法(THE PRODUCT APPROACH)在我国居于主导地位,教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败,重视写作的技术性细节(如格式、拼写、语法等),忽视写作过程的指导。
更多相似作文
篇1:高三英语作文:The warmth of a cup of milk
全文共 2501 字
+ 加入清单一天,一个贫穷的小男孩为了攒够学费正挨家挨户地推销商品。饥寒交迫的他摸遍全身,却只有一角钱。于是他决定向下一户人家讨口饭吃。
however, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. she thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. he drank it slowly, and then asked, “how much do i owe you?”
然而,当一位美丽的年轻女子打开房门的时候,这个小男孩却有点不知所措了。他没有要饭,只乞求给他一口水喝。这位女子看到他饥饿的样子,就倒了一大杯牛奶给他。男孩慢慢地喝完牛奶,问道:“我应该付多少钱?”
“you don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” he said, “then i thank you from the bottom of my heart.” as howard kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in god and the human race. he was about to give up and quit before this point.
年轻女子微笑着回答:“一分钱也不用付。我妈妈教导我,施以爱心,不图回报。”男孩说:“那么,就请接受我由衷的感谢吧!”说完,霍华德-凯利就离开了这户人家。此时的他不仅自己浑身是劲儿,而且更加相信上帝和整个人类。本来,他都打算放弃了。
years later the young woman became critically ill. the local doctors were baffled. they finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her rare disease. dr. howard kelly, now famous was called in for the consultation. when he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
数年之后,那位女子得了一种罕见的重病,当地医生对此束手无策。最后,她被转到大城市医治,由专家会诊治疗。大名鼎鼎的霍华德-凯利医生也参加了医疗方案的制定。当他听到病人来自的那个城镇的名字时,一个奇怪的念头霎时间闪过他的脑际。他马上起身直奔她的病房。
dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. he recognized her at once. he went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. from that day on, he gave special attention to her case.
身穿手术服的凯利医生来到病房,一眼就认出了恩人。回到会诊室后,他决心一定要竭尽所能来治好她的病。从那天起,他就特别关照这个对自己有恩的病人。
after a long struggle, the battle was won. dr. kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. he looked at it and then wrote something on the side. the bill was sent to her room. shewas afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. she read these words…
经过艰苦的努力,手术成功了。凯利医生要求把医药费通知单送到他那里,他看了一下,便在通知单的旁边签了字。当医药费通知单送到她的病房时,她不敢看。因为她确信,治病的费用将会花费她整个余生来偿还。最后,她还是鼓起勇气,翻开了医药费通知单,旁边的那行小字引起了她的注意,她不禁轻声读了出来:
“paid in full with a glass of milk.”
(signed) dr. howard kelly
“医药费已付:一杯牛奶。”
(签名)霍华德-凯利医生
tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently: “thank you, god. your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”
喜悦的泪水溢出了她的眼睛,她默默地祈祷着:“谢谢你,上帝,你的爱已通过人类的心灵和双手传播了。”
篇2:英语写作50条常用短语句子
全文共 2221 字
+ 加入清单导语:英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语写作50条常用短语句子,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard
3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention
8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36.综合素质 comprehensivequality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I
46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology
篇3:高考英语书面表达之写作常用谚语
全文共 3472 字
+ 加入清单导语:When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜於雄辩。
Adversity leads to prosperity.
逆境迎向昌盛。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑,长一智。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友。
A friend is a second self.
朋友是另一个我。
A friend is best found in adversity.
患难见真友。
All time is no time when it is past.
光阴一去不复返。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.
只工作,不玩耍,聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍,不学习,聪明孩子没出息。
A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.
远亲不如近邻。
An idle youth, a needy age.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
Business before pleasure.
事业在先,享乐在後。
Diligence is near success.
勤奋近乎成功。
Diligence is the mother of good luck.
刻苦是成功之母。
Diligence is the mother of success.
勤奋是成功之母。
Education has for its object the formation of character.
教育的目的在於培养品德。
Every brave man is a man of his word.
勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。
Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。
Every man is the master of his own fortune.
每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
Faith will move mountains.
精诚所至,金石为开。
Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.
友谊是两人一条心。
Grasp all, lose all.
贪多必失。
He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.
没有知识,才是贫穷。
Health is above wealth.
健康胜於财富。
Health is better than wealth.
健康胜於财富。
He who does not advance falls backward.
不进则退。
Honesty is the best policy.
诚实是上策。
Hope is life and life is hope.
希望才有人生,人生要有希望。
Idle young, needy old.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
If you dont aim high you will never hit high.
不立大志,难攀高峰。
I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.
成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。
Improve your time and your time will improve you.
珍惜时间,时间才会珍惜你。
In doing we learn.
行而知。
Industry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.
勤勉是幸福的右手,节俭是幸福的左手。
In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.
在人生的搏斗中,只有日日前进不甘失败的人,才能获胜。
It is dogged does it.
天下无难事,只怕有心人。
Judge not according to the appearance.
不要以貌取人。
Labour is often the father of pleasure.
勤劳常为快乐之源。
Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.
学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。
Like tree, like fruit.
有其因必有其果。
Manners make the man.
礼貌造就人。
Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.
抓住大好时机,切莫等闲错过。
Never too old to learn.
学到老,学不了。
No great loss without some small gain.
塞翁失马,安知非福。
No one can call back yesterday.
往日不复返。
No sooner said than done.
言而必行。
No sweet without some sweat.
不劳则无获。
Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
Nothing is impossible to willing mind .
有志者事竟成。
Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
天下无难事,只怕不努力。
Nothing is really beautiful but truth.
只有真理才是真美。
No time like the present.
只争朝夕。
One cannot put back the clock.
光阴一去不复返。
Overdone is worse than undone.
过犹不及。
Paddle your own canoe.
自立更生,自食其力。
Perseverance is vital to success.
不屈不挠是成功之本。
Second thoughts are best.
三思而行,再思可也。
Selt-trust is the essence of heroism.
自信是英雄的本色。
Self-trust is the first secret of success.
自信是成功的首要秘诀。
Success belongs to the persevering.
坚持到底必获胜利。坚持就是胜利。
Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.
成功来自於克服困难的斗争。
The first element of success is the determination to succeed.
成功的首要因素是要有成功的决心。
The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows.
懂得越多,就越知道自己懂得不多。
Union is strength.
团结就是力量。
Virtue is a jewel of great price.
美德是无价之宝。
Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.
浪费时间是一切花费中最奢侈豪华的费用。
When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.
没有希望就不会努力。
Without a friend the world is a wilderness.
没有朋友,世界就等於一片荒野。
You cannot judge a tree by its bark.
人不可貌相。
篇4:英语四级写作高分方法集锦
全文共 2115 字
+ 加入清单【提要】英语四六级四级信息 : 20176月英语四级写作高分黄金句式【1】
▌列举法
列举法是四级写作中常用的方法,一般用first, second等一系列标志词引出原因或者可能的影响等。列举法常用的素材有:
引出列举
1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也许有一些因素造成/可以解释______。
2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______.引起______显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。
3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。
4. Why ______ ?为什么______?
5. The causes of ______ are varied. They include______ , perhaps the main cause is ______. 造成______的原因有很多,包括______,主要原因可能是______。
6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 这一问题的原因不难发现。
7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors. 要找出这一现象的原因并非易事,因为它涉及若干复杂的因素。
8. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. ______的原因有很多,这里我只想探讨其中几个最重要的原因。
9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones. 导致这种现象的原因有很多,以下是其中比较有代表性的。
10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones. 有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而言,我认为以下原因比较典型。
11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ______. 引起______变化的因素有很多。
分条列举
1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______ .首先,______。其次,______。
2. First,______ . Second, ______ . 首先,______。其次,______。
3. To begin with, ______. Secondly, ______. Last but not least, ______.首先,______。其次,______。最后但并不是最不重要的,______。
4. The first reason is that ______. The second one is ______. The third is ______. 第一个原因是______。第二个原因是______。第三个原因是______。
5. First of all, ______. Secondly,______ . Furthermore,______ .首先,______。其次,______。另外,______。
6. For one thing, ______. For another, ______.一方面,______。另一方面,______。
7. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly, ______.首先,______。其次,______。再次,______。
8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______.我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为______。
▌对比法
对比法是指通过对比两种截然不同的观点来陈述其中的利弊,从而得出自己的结论。对比法常用的素材有:
1. The advantages gained in ______ outweigh/are much g
篇5:2024小升初英语写作指导:高分英语作文写作方法
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+ 加入清单1. 内容切题
内容切题是命题作文的基本要求,考生可从以下几个方面入手:
第一要认真审题。根据题目类别,弄清文体的要求,并判明文章的种类(议论文、说明文、记叙文),同时确定文章要阐明的主题或要表达的中心思想,若题目已经提供了提纲,还要注意弄清各提纲要点之间的逻辑关系。考生在拿到作文题后,切勿惟恐时间不够,提笔就写。一旦跑题,发现了再改就来不及了,常言道:“磨刀不误砍柴工”。
第二要注意设计安排段落。根据文章的中心思想,确定各个段落的主题内容和主题句。如果是议论文,一般要从论点的正反两个方面来考虑,首先是某观点的合理成分或某物的长处,然后是该观点的不合理成分或该物的短处,最后阐明自己的观点。如果题目提供了提纲,只要把提纲扩展成主题句即可。
第三要避免将记忆里较熟悉的句子生拉硬扯地搬进作文,使作文结构松散,意思不明确,甚至会偏离主题。
2. 表达清楚,文字连贯
文章要做到表达清楚,文字连贯,文章各段落就必须根据提纲所确立的不同主题来展开,而且各段落的主题句要将段落的各个部分凝聚在一起,流利地表达段落大意,使段落中各部分以及段落之间的联系一目了然。
3. 句式有变化
有些考生对写作没信心,不敢大胆地使用所掌握的语言基础知识,包括英语句法知识,结果整篇文章都是以主、谓、宾句式为主的简单句子,文章显得刻板无生气。实际上,
篇6:应用文的写作基础理论
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+ 加入清单应用文书写作构思主要是运用逻辑思维来进行的。不同的文种,不同的写作意图,会运用不同的逻辑思维方法来构思,小编收集了应用文的写作基础,欢迎阅读。
一、归纳和演绎思路
(一)归纳
归纳,是从两个以上个别的、特殊的事物或道理的共同属性中,推出同一类事物或道理的普遍性结论的推理方法。它是从个别到全体、从特殊到一般的思维方法。应用文书写作运用这种思维方法便形成了归纳思路。如对某类客观事物共同规律的探讨、对先进经验的提炼总结等,都可运用这种思路。
归纳又可采用以下几种方法:
1、完全归纳法。即穷究同类事物中所有个别事物的共同属性,推出普遍性结论的方法。这种方法不允许漏掉任何一个性质相同的个别事物。例如《国务院关于表彰国家科委等单位长年深入基层开展扶贫工作的通报》,它概括而重点不同地历数了国家科委等单位组成扶贫团(组)定点联系帮助贫困地区,使贫困地区经济、社会面貌发生了可喜变化等情况,然后强调指出:“这些部门艰苦细致、卓有成效的扶贫工作,受到了贫困地区广大干部、群众的热烈欢迎,得到了社会各界高度赞扬。国务院特予通报表彰。”如不采用这种完全归纳法,效果就不同了。
一般说来,运用归纳法来认识客观事物时,完全归纳法最可靠。但实际上,只在少数情况下才能做到完全归纳。在应用文书写作中,实际上较少用完全归纳法。
2、简单枚举法。即根据对某类事物部分对象的概括,推出一般性结论的方法。这实属不完全归纳法。如《中共××县委员会关于向徐庆文、吴春山同志学习的决定》一文,归纳出的结论是“徐庆文、吴春山同志忠诚地为党和人民的事业奋斗了一生,他们的一生是光荣的一生。他们不愧是我党的优秀党员”。而归纳出这个结论的依据,就是选择他们一生中一些典型事迹来介绍,而没有罗列出全部事迹(那样写没有必要也因篇幅所限而不可能)。不少调查报告、总结、情况报告、表彰或处分的文稿,都运用这种方法或思路。
简单枚举法运用起来虽然方便,但它极容易出现轻率归纳,以致以偏概全,使结论出现片面性、绝对化等错误。运用这种归纳方法,要注意几点:第一,不要轻易下结论,如果要下结论也不必因个别事物未能归纳而迟疑不决,可选择诸如“一般情况下”、“大体上”、“在一定条件下”等类限制词语,以表明其相对性,留有余地。第二,不要仅仅注意同类事物的数量或表面相似处,而忽略了同类事物的本质属性,使结论偏离事物本质。要注意对重要归纳对象或结论进一步深入分析,充分考虑到时空变化后的情况,使归纳的结论更正确、更深刻。
3、科学归纳法。即由某类事物部分对象与某种属性有必然联系,推出这类事物都具有这种属性。它是以科学实验和科学分析的结果为主要依据,从研究同类事物的少数对象与某一属性之间必然的内在联系中,从探求现象之间的因果关系中,概括出普遍性结论。它比简单枚举法可靠,但其结论仍要受实践的检验。科学归纳法考察的对象要有典型的代表性,才能使结论正确。说理性较强的应用文书常用此法展开思路。例如《××市经委关于国有大中型企业转换经营机制的调查报告》,正是通过对该市几个有代表性的国有企业的典型调查、科学分析,而得出该市国有企业转移经营机制的几条可行措施的。文章运用了科学归纳法,结论必然令人信服。
(二)演绎
这是从普遍性的前提推出特殊个别性结论的思维方法。它与归纳的思维方向正好相反,是从全体到个别、一般到特殊。我们根据一般原理(公理、真理、常识或人们认同的共识等)可认识到包含在这一原理中的个别事物或道理,由此可形成应用文书的演绎思路。例如《××市××局关于机关干部勤政廉政的规定》写道:“廉洁奉公是党的优良传统,是党的根本宗旨的具体体现,是党取信于民的根本保证,也是机关干部应具备的职业道德。只有做到高效廉洁,党的工作才能得到群众的信任和支持,党的事业才能得到群众的关心和拥护,党和政府才有可能带领和团结大家同心同德,共渡难关,深化改革,实现‘四化’。全局干部特别是党员领导干部必须‘从我做起,从现在做起’,以身作则,勤政廉政。根据我局工作实际,特作如下规定……”这里采用的就是演绎思路。在说理性较强的应用文书中,较多运用演绎法。
应用文书写作运用演绎法时,作为根据、前提的一般性结论必须正确无误,才能进行直接演绎。如果作为前提的一般性结论只是相对正确,那么在推理过程中,在肯定其大多数事物或道理的同时,也要考虑到个别事物的特殊性,才能避免结论的片面性。
至于演绎法常用的推理方法,本书不作详细介绍。
(三)归纳和演绎的关系
归纳和演绎既是两种方向完全不同的对立的思维方法,又是互相依存的辩证统一体。归纳是演绎的基础,演绎的前提常常是依靠归纳而获得的。可以说,归纳的结论就是演绎的前提,离开归纳,演绎不可能进行。而归纳也离不开演绎,归纳时对个别事物的选择要达到准确、典型,得依赖演绎对这些个别事物进行检验,决定弃取。即根据尚未确定的、假设的一般去寻找、考察个别,才能正确地进行归纳;而归纳得出的一般结论,也要靠演绎去验证,去推广扩大。
应用文书写作中分别运用归纳思路或演绎思路时,一定要注意到这种联系,防止出现片面性。
二、总分思路
总分思路是运用综合和分析两种思维方法所形成的文章思路。总分思路在应用文书写作中也是常见的思路。分析就是把事物分成若干部分,分别加以研究,即是由总到分,化整为零。对实体事物进行分解,对抽象事物进行分类、剥离,就是剖析。综合则是把事物的各个部分联合起来,从整体上加以考察,也就是由分到总,集零为整。综合的过程,就是对实体事物组合、对抽象事物概括的过程。
分析和综合也是互相依存、互相联系、互相转化的。分析是综合的基础,没有分析,认识不可能具体深入,也就无从综合;综合是分析的前导,没有综合,不能统观全局,就可能只见树木不见森林,分析就缺乏方向和目标。分析重在发现事物的本质,分析不是目的,而是认识事物的手段。分析之后,还要把事物的各个部分放到事物的整体中,放到各个部分相互联系、作用和矛盾中,放到事物的运动、变化中去考察它们的地位、作用,从而去把握其本质。而综合也不是现象的罗列,不是事物各个部分机械地相加,而是要按照事物各个部分间的有机联系,对事物各个方面作全面的、本质的反映,从而从整体上把握事物的特征。这也是分析的目的。
在应用文书写作中,文章要点面结合、铺陈得开,关键在于构思时善于分析客观对象,且善于在分析的基础上进行综合。
(二) 壹善于分类和归类
把较为复杂的集合性事物中特征相同的类型划分在一起就是分类。从一定的写作意图出
发,把散乱的材料归拢成若干并列的类别就是归类。分类、归类是综合、分析思维方法中的重要步骤。分类、归类是全面、深入分析事物的基础。善于分类、归类,有助于分析事物的条理化、系统化。例如,要就某市党政机关的后勤工作改革写个专题经验总结,如果笼笼统统地写,就会不深不透,甚至使人看后不得要领。而将机关后勤改革分为机关事务管理、财务管理、房产管理、车辆管理、膳食管理、物资管理等类型分别介绍其改革的措施、办法,那就会具体、深刻得多。
分类、归类时要注意以下几点:
1、分类要尽可能全面、深入。分类可以一次分类(也称一级分类);也可多次(多级)分类,即把事物分成若干大类之后,再对每个大类继续划分,实现多级分类。所谓全面,即不论是一级还是多级分类,每次分类都要尽可能周全,不要有遗漏,尽可能使分出来的各方面内容与事物的本来面貌相符合。如单位的全面工作总结,对各方面工作情况和成绩可分类加以总结,视其工作成效可有详有略,但不能遗漏掉某方面的工作。所谓深入,就是根据事物的实际情况和写作意图,对对象能够分类的,应尽可能多级分类,以便于深入说明、深刻分析。事实上,分类级数少,易看出事物全貌;分类级数多,易深入分析出事物的本质属性。
2、分类标准要正确、灵活。对事物分类时,既可以事物表象等非本质属性为标准进行分类,也可以事物本质属性为标准分类。但每一次对同一层级分类都要用统一的标准,以保证分类的正确。只有标准一致,才能使分出的各类事物具有并列关系、对立关系或矛盾关系,而不具有交叉关系。如果分类不正确,文章就会缺乏逻辑性。例如,某县政府在总结一年来深化改革的工作成绩时,对多项工作作了如下的分类:
水利设施恢复发展
农业战线抗灾夺丰收
工交战线转换经营机制初见成效
清河大桥建成通车
财贸战线承包收效
教科文卫工作取得成绩
计划生育上新台阶
科技兴农促进丰收
高考升学率提高
实现“创卫”目标
坚持“两手硬”狠抓精神文明建设
无论一级分类还是二级分类,上面的分类标准都不尽一致,因而内容显得零乱、交叉。如果按照这个分类框架写成文章,其效果显然不佳。
强调分类标准一致,也并不是说分类要永远坚持同一标准进行。有时,对于较为复杂的同一事物,可以根据需要从不同角度,依照不同特点进行分类。例如,对某机关干部队伍状的调查,就可根据其年龄、文化程度、政治面貌、工龄等多项标准分别按项分类,但具体的每一项的分类标准仍须是一致的。这样就能更全面地反映出干部队伍的现状。
分类标准的灵活性还体现在分类的相对性上。事物联系的相对性,决定了事物差异的相对性。有时在对事物分类时,要划分得绝对分明是办不到的。有些具有特殊性而难于归入某一类的事物,可以归并为“其他”一类;有些事物难于归入某一类,但又渗入各类之中,处于各类事物边缘间的模糊状态,那就可以将其单独列为一类,这样也可使分类更科学、周全。
(二)学会纵剖和横断
分类是把复杂的事物分成若干相对独立的类型,分类后任何类型的事物都没有改变原来事物的性质。而剖析和分解则是对相对独立的事物进行解剖,解剖分割后的每一部分都不具有原来整体事物的性质了。运用剖析和分解,可以深入事物内部结构研究事物,从而更深刻地认识事物的本质。
纵剖就是纵向剖切,即依时间的先后,将事物的发展过程和发展情况分成若干阶段,逐段考察和分析。对于本身存在时间阶段和发展进程的事物,写作时可采用纵剖的方法。横断则是横向分析,即将事物内部的各个侧面、各种因素分成若干部分,逐一考察和分析。对各种要素处于并列关系的事物,写作时则常用横断的方法来分析。比如,要写一份做好环境保护工作大检查的总结,可采用纵剖的方法去分析各个阶段的工作,从中总结出检查工作的做法和成绩:
分析环保形势,认清检查意义
↓
加强舆论宣传,充分发动群众
↓
统筹组织力量,作好检查计划
↓
分步自查抽查,检查认真细致
↓
严肃执法执纪,奖惩等级分明
↓
总结经验教训,搞好环境保护
也可采用横断方法分析各个侧面的经验,从中探索检查工作的规律:
→领导重视,各方配合,检查力量组织落实
→广泛宣传,重视舆论,强化全民环保意识
→重点突出,方法得当,检查工作不搞形式
→体现政策,奖惩分明,树立样板促优汰劣
→依法行政,综合治理,推动环境保护工作
不难看出,用纵剖法分类,写出的总结侧重反映工作的进程、做法和成绩;而用横断法分类,写出的总结侧重探索工作中的经验和规律,两者的侧重点明显不同。实际上,写作中两种方法也可交错使用。
(三)注重定性分析与定量分析
对任何事物的分析,都离不开定性分析和定量分析。定性分析是对分析对象的各种因素及其性质做出断定和分析。定量分析是对分析对象及其各种因素间的数量关系加以判定和分析。前者注重对事物质的断定,后者注重对事物量的判定。而任何事物都是质和量的统一体,因此,要尽可能将定性分析与定量分析结合使用。这样才可以使分析更加深入、准确,在表达上也更加直观,更有说服力。比如,要反映一个地区经济和社会发展的成就,如果只有定性分析,会显得空洞,说服力不强;如果只有定量分析,又势必显得枯燥,甚至使人不得要领。只有将两种分析方法结合起来,才能更准确、深刻、生动地说明事物的性质。
三、因果思路
因果思路是运用探因和寻果的思维方法形成的文章思路。在应用文书写作中,根据写作意图和民众接受心理,较多地采用由果溯因的思路。
应用文书写作采用因果思路时,首先要全面分析导致结果或现状的原因。在诸多原因中首先抓住主要的、根本的原因,同时也不忽视次要原因。要实事求是地、全面地分析事物的内因和外因,不能只抓一点不及其余,防止片面性和绝对化。其次要深刻地分析产生结果的原因。要深入分析,从原因中去探究产生原因的原因,这就是所谓因因分析。因为有时表面的原因也只不过是个现象,如果我们的分析浅尝辄止,只根据这个表层的原因得出结论,这个结论就可能是十分肤浅的。因此,要力求“打破沙锅问到底”,揭示出最深层的、最根本的、最起作用的原因,这样才有助于抓住事物的本质。比如,某厂生产的传统产品出现销售疲软势头,厂方要求做出调查并写出市场销售情况的调查报告。通过调查,发现销售疲软是存在广告宣传不力、营销渠道不畅、产品包装陈旧、产品式样单一、产品质量下降等多种原因。经过分析研究,认定其中质量下降是关键。进一步分析,发现质量下降的原因是生产第一线工人不顾质量,检验工不负责任。又深入分析,发现造成这种状况是管理不善,制度不严,职工普遍缺乏质量意识。再追本溯源,发现主要是厂领导班子缺乏市场优胜劣汰的竞争意识,只抓产品数量、产值,忽视产品质量。这样层层深入,抓住了深层次的根本原因,提出了“领导重视,狠抓质量,注重宣传,打通渠道”的对策,使产品销售重新出现了增长势头。
四、比较思路
比较思路是运用比较和鉴别的思维方法形成的一种文章思路。
比较大体可分时间、空间两类比较。时间比较是在历史形态上的比较,通过比较能发现同一事物或不同事物在不同时期呈现出的差异,这也叫纵向比较(纵比)、历史比较。空间比较是在现实既定形态上的比较,通过比较能鉴别出不同事物在同一时期不同空间中呈现出的异同,这也叫横向比较(横比)、现实比较。纵比能追本溯源,使思路清晰,易于看到事物的发展变化,但思路又显狭窄,拓展不开。横比思路宽阔,易于看到事物与相关事物的差距,但又可能浮于事物表面,看不到事物的发展和实质。两者各有长短,可取其长综合运用,即采用方案比较法,又称为综合比标法或优选法。就是在同等条件下,综合考虑到时空等多方面因素,将几种方案、几种情况进行全面比较,鉴别出最佳方案、最正确情况来。在撰写规划、方案、可行性报告、经济预测报告、决策意见等文种的构思中,常采用这种综合比标法。
任何比较都要注意事物的可比性,即比较的标准(简称比标)要一致。要注意抓住事物的本质特征进行比较,以便更深刻地认识和把握事物的异同和性质。还要注意比较的灵活性,根据实际情况和写作需要,从多角度、多方面对事物作比较,以便更全面、更准确地认识事物。
五、递进思路
递进思路是运用递进思维方法形成的一种文章思路。递进思维是认识事物或事理由浅入深、由表到里、由低到高、由小到大、由轻到重,层层递进、循序渐进的一种思维方法。运用这种方法,可以深入地、清晰地阐释某些比较复杂的事理,说明某些比较复杂的关系,有助于深刻认识事物的本质属性,使文章有一定深度。一些说理性较强的应用文书常循此法形成文章思路:或者是认识问题由浅入深层层推进,或者是提出问题分析问题解决问题。例如,《农村文化活动设施量少质差的现状亟待改变》的调查报告,按以下思路写成:
××县农村文化活动设施量少质差
“文化饥饿症”带来农村精神文明滑坡
文化活动量少质差的原因
采取有力措施重视农村文化活动阵地建设
很明显,全文是典型的递进思路。
运用递进思路时,各层次间要环环扣紧,先写哪一层次,后写哪一层次,顺序不能随意调换、中断。
篇7:高三英语人物作文
全文共 1023 字
+ 加入清单Yao Ming, the most famous basketball player in China, leads an adventurous but magnificent life. Born in September, 1980, he soon show a great talent for basketball which motivates him a lot to play basketball at a very young age. Thus when he eventually fought into the national team, he was of an amazing height ----2.25m, which gives him a great advantage over the others. However, it was his hard work and bitter training that gives him the chance of joining NBA, four years later, which was an epoch-marking event in Chinese history.
Like many sportsmen, Yao is outgoing as well as friendly. It seems that there is always sunshine and happiness in his life. Therefore, his character deeply impresses us, and definitely becomes a heroic figure in Chinese eyes.
Retired in 2011 as a result of illness on feet, he is still optimistic about the future. He put on his suit, made a business, and founded the NBA----Yao School in 2013. Yao set out on a new life journey, determined to face the future with a big smile.
篇8:2024小升初英语分类作文写作技巧
全文共 222 字
+ 加入清单一、写提示议论文应考虑的几点
1、文章开头,能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法。
2、会使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supportingsentences)。
3、归纳总结,首尾呼应。
二、看图作文应考虑的几点
1、看懂图片,把图片展示的人物、地点、时间、事件等有机地串联起来,使之成为内容连贯的句子。
2、确定短文须用的时态和该用的人称。
3、确定体裁(说明文还是记叙文),接着用简洁的语句描述图片或图表大意。
4、根据图片或图表大意议论。
篇9:英语四级写作的应对方法
全文共 1223 字
+ 加入清单写作包括两部分,一是要求在35分钟内写一篇150字左右的短文,二是要求在10分钟内写一个50--60字的便条。这两部分均为命题作文,作文内容与大学生的日常生活、学习都密切相关,另外也有社会热点问题,比如环保、旅游、健身等,题目理解起来都比较容易。
短文写作部分文体为议论文,一般采用三段式的结构,第一段为论点,第二段为论据,第三段为结论。最高要求为文章内容切题,思想表达清楚,论据充分,论证严密,基本无语言错误。要想写好一篇文章,应该注意一下写作步骤:
1.审题:作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题,因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文,而且多有中文提示或提纲,所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求,理解题目的真正意图,然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑,整理自己的思路,对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题,该涉及的内容,所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等,在头脑中形成一个整体的构思。
2.组织段落:构思好之后,根据构思的提纲,运用选好的材料,恰当地运用连词,合理安排段落,使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成,主题句确定下来,接着就是通过一系列的扩展句,来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等,考试时应灵活运用。
3.修改:也就是说要删除与主题不相干的内容,检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写;字母大小写和标点符号;数的一致性(包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性);指代关系(包括指代的一致性和代词的选用);动词形式(时态、语态、语气)等方面。
关于考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题。我们知道,短文写作的时间为35分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊,忙而不乱,充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题1~2分钟;组织素材, 细节和关键词: 4~5分钟;起草: 20~25分钟;修改定稿: 4~5分钟。
最后要说明的是,从某种意义上来说,专业四级考试作文有其固定的写作格式、结构,而对于固定的题型,有固定不变的表达法。因此,大家有理由相信只要训练方法得当,搞好写作是不难的。大家不妨试试多背范文和常用句型,包括各类型作文的开头、结尾句、中间展开、过渡句,以及比较、图表说明等的常用句型和表达法,然后自己多动笔写一写,只要按这样的方法进行练习,相信在一定时间内就可以在写作上取得满意的分数。因为是三段式作文,写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了,开门见山;第二段的论据要能充分说明论点,论证条理清楚;第三段的结论要水到渠成,切忌草率,严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。
便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确,交待清楚,比如请柬、贺信、道歉函等,要注意称呼、正文、签名等的格式,一定要把相关的时间、地点、原因及主要事件内容交待清楚。
篇10:中考英语作文写作常见的三个错误
全文共 515 字
+ 加入清单俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功,必须从平时的课堂学习一点一滴抓起,持之以恒。
一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体,任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而,很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意,或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数、第三人称单数不加s,前后不一致,以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。
1. 审题不清
如2004年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”,偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2.拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3.名词单复数问题
误 my father and my mother is all teacher。
正 my father and my mother are both teachers。
[中考英语作文写作常见的三个错误
篇11:英语写作百搭语句参考
全文共 1371 字
+ 加入清单1. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
2. 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面,
Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another, ______
3. 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。
On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.
4. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction.First,______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.
5. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,像……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its owndisadvantages, such as ______.
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition,_____.All thesemeasures will certainly______.
7. 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
8. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
9. 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.
10. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
篇12:英语写作小技巧
全文共 2401 字
+ 加入清单一、代入法
这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后,结合一定的语法知识,按照句子的结构特点,直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如:
1. 他从不承认自己的失败。
He never admits his failure.
2. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。
The match attracted a large crowd.
3. 他把蛋糕分成4块。
He divided the cake into four pieces.
二、还原法
即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如:
1. 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗?
Is this the train for Glasgow?
还原为陈述句:This is the train for Glasgow.
2. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。
It was because he loved my money that he married me.
还原为非强调句:Because he loved my money, he married me.
3. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
还原为正常语序:Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.
三、分解法
把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了,又能减少写错句子的几率。如:
1. 我们要干就要干好。
If we do a thing, we should do it well.
2. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。
There are students here from all over the country. Many of them are from the North.
四、合并法
就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力,同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如:
1. 我们迷路了,这使我们的旅行变成了一次冒险。
Our trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.
2. 天气转晴了,这是我们没有想到的。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
3. 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their cooperation.
五、删减法
就是在写英语句子时,把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如:
1. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.
注:汉语表达中的“价”和“物”在英语中均无需译出。
2. 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。
Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.
注:汉语说“个子不高”,其实就是“不高”。也就是说,其中的“个子”在英语中无需译出。
六、移位法
由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异,根据表达的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:
1. 他发现赚点外快很容易。
He found it easy to earn extra money.
注:it在此为形式宾语,真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money。
2. 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。
The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.
注:who told me this为修饰the man的定语从句,应置于其后。
3. 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正体会到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
注:not...until...为英语中的固定句式,其意为“直到……才……”。
七、分析法
指根据要表示的汉语意思,通过进行语法分析和句式判断,然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如:
1. 从这个角度看,问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。
Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
注:分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,由于the matter与see之间为被动关系,故see要用过去分词seen。
2. 我没有见过他,所以说不出他的模样。
Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.
注:如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,且与逻辑主语是主动关系,则用现在分词的完成式。
八、意译法
有的同学在写句子时,一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达,就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实,此时我们可以设法绕开难点,在保持原意的基础上,用不同的表达方式写出来。如:
1. 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。
Tom was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.
2. 有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
3. 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中,悉听尊便。
You can go with us or stay at home, whichever you choose.
篇13:中考英语写作素材积累:必备句子
全文共 20184 字
+ 加入清单下面是语文迷网为大家整理提供的中考英语写作经常用到的句子,希望对你有帮助。
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和**.
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。
26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。
27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。
28. This is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。
29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者,有如下理由:
30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。
32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。
33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。
35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。
36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。
37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.
在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。
38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
40. This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能靠自己。
42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.
许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。
43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:
就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:
44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。 45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。
46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。
47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。
49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。
50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老。
51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.
对于大学或高中生打工这一现象,校园里进行着广泛的争论。
52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作,学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力,而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
53. Although people‘s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.
近几十年,尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变,但必须承认,由于学费和书费日益飞涨,资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。
54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.
因此,业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。
55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
通过上面的讨论,我们不难得出结论:业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响,我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作,这将有利于学生和他们的家庭,甚至整个社会。
56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。
57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.
人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适,减少了大量劳动。
58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.
同时,随着这些机器带给我们的好处,员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。
59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.
第二方面,失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。
61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.
根据最近的一项调查,越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。
63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通过以上讨论,我完全相信,随着现代社会的进步,幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。
64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年,国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。
65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。
66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。
67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:
就我而言,我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制,理由如下:
68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
另外,为了吸引旅游者,大量人工设施被修建,这对环境是不利的。
69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.
由于缺乏独特的文化,一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此,国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。
70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.
近些年,父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。
71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。
72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点,通过学习,他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识,当他们长大后,这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
首先,额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出,孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后,从事一些体育活动,而不是额外的学习,是非常重要的。
74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.
孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。
75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
第二,从心理上讲,大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。
76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.
当别的孩子在玩耍的时候,很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。
77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
而且,由于要额外地学习,孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流,很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。
78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:尽管额外学习的确有很多优点,但它的缺点不可忽视,且远大于它的优点。因此,放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。
79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
现在,父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。
81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.
父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。
82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.
然而,这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑,他们指出,孩子总是呆在家里,和父母在一起,是不健康的。
83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.
尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力,但是必须承认,与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比,他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。
84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出如下结论:尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的,但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。
85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园,这将对孩子,家庭,甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。
86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
只要一提起艺术和文化项目,一些政府领导就会兴奋不已,他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园,城市中心漂亮的雕塑,还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中,没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。
87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.
这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上,基础设施建设非常重要,应该放在首位。
88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.
那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客,这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。
89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.
然而,很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。
90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.
通过以上讨论,我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面,基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。
91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点,将会付出他们无法承受的代价。
92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势,这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。
93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.
一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入,而且能学到一些新技术。
94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.
必须指出,农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加,并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。
95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献,然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。
96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场,他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。
97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验,知识和信息,这些将有助于发展农村经济。
98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
总之,我们应理智考虑这一问题,重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.
尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分,然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。
100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.
我认为,首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。
篇14:应用文写作基础
全文共 1719 字
+ 加入清单一、结构的含义和作用
1.掌握结构的含义应用文的结构,是运用材料以表现主题的有序安排,是客观事物条理性在文章中的反映,为文章的组织形式和内部构造。文章的结构具有两重含义:一是宏观结构,即文章的总体构思、大体框架;二是微观结构,即对文章的层次、段落、开头、结尾、过渡、照应和主次的具体设计。
2.了解结构的作用结构好比文章的骨架,是安排文章的具体形式,是将材料化为文章的手段之二。结构是表现主题的手段,是准确表达主题的必由之路,也是引导读者领会文章思想内容的向导。写文章只有找到恰当完美的结构形式,才能把主题和材料组合在一起,形成一个完美有机的整体。其作用具体表现在:
(1)使文章言之有体。应用文大多有较固定的结构形态,它是人们在长期写作实践中经过选择,逐步找到的最适合表现某种内容的最佳形式,也称之为“程式”。如简报、书信和行政公文类文书,具有相当固定的惯用格式。
(2)使文章言之有序。合理安排文章结构,就是根据一定的思路,将零散的材料组织起来,使之眉目清楚地成为一个有机的整体。
(3)使文章言之有文。精心安排文章结构,可以增加文章的文采,从而增强其可读性。
二、安排结构的条件
1.了解思路的含义及思路与结构的关系
在文章结构的两重含义中,总体构思是具体设计的前提和基础。总体构思也就是人们常说的“言有序”,是指对材料的安排要有次序,这体现了作者的思路。思路是安排结构的条件。
1、思路的含义
思路是作者思维活动的路线,是作者在头脑中梳理、组织内容材料的过程和结果。它是作者对客观事物自身条理性的观察、理解。
作者思路清晰,结构必然有条不紊;作者思路不清晰,结构必然紊乱。经过选择的材料,只有经过合理的组织安排,使之条理化、系统化,组成一个有机的整体,才能准确鲜明地表现既定的主题。
2、思路与结构的关系
在写作构思阶段,作者的思维活动异常活跃。确立主题,选择好材料,并进而考虑如何表达主题和如何安排材料,由此逐渐形成一条清晰、连贯、独到的思维活动路线——思路。此时,文章的大体框架已在作者的头脑中“闪现”出来。等到作者用书面语言把思路表达出来时,文章的结构也就具体安排好了。因此,作者思路与文章结构的关系极为密切。具体表现为以下三点:
(1)思路是形成结构的基础和内核。结构是文章最主要的表现形式。要使结构完整、严谨、匀称,动笔前,就需要作者匠心独运,形成清晰、连贯并具独创性的思路,进而“外化”成纲目清晰、严谨周密的结构。但是,文章反映客观事物,决不是对其原始形态的简单搬抄和复制,而是在符合客观事物发展规律基础上的主观创造。因此,不同的作者。不同的文体有不同的思路。思路开阔而有创见,文章的结构就新颖独特;思路狭窄而落俗,会使文章的结构板滞僵死;思路紊乱,文章的条理就必然不清;思路松散,文章的结构就不可能严密紧凑。
(2)结构是思路的体现和反映。结构是思路的外显形式和文字载体。思路严密清晰,文章结构才能完整、严谨、清晰,主题才能得以准确地表达;思路紊乱、疏漏和闭塞,文章则会逻辑混乱、言而无序、首尾不能圆合。
3.了解锻炼思路的基本要求及锻炼思路的方法
(1)注意思路的条理性和逻辑性,使之清晰、周密、连贯。清晰,指展开思路要有顺序、有层次,同时对材料要加以区分和归类。周密,指思路要周到、严密,没有疏漏和缺损,不要顾此失彼,自相矛盾。连贯,指思维活动过程及其表达不仅要注意外在的次序,而且要处理好各个意思之间存在的衔接、并列、转折、因果、总分等内在联系,做到气脉贯通、流畅。
(2)注意思路的灵活性、独创性,使之活跃、开阔、敏捷。活跃与开阔,是指思路的开展要打破思维定势,进行多向探索,使之灵活、新颖而富有个性。敏捷是指思路的展开、梳理直至成型这一过程应该灵敏、迅速,使文章结构紧凑、气势流转而顺畅。
(3)养成良好的思维习惯。一是养成有序思考问题的习惯,由浅入深、由表及里、由此及彼。二是加强逻辑思维能力的训练。应用写作主要靠逻辑思维,要遵循“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”这一认识规律。
(4)写作前要通盘思考,立足于写作意图、目的和所用文体特点,确定如何起笔,主体分几个部分展开,怎样收尾。
篇15:中考英语作文写作技巧
全文共 1257 字
+ 加入清单英语作文是最考察同学们英语功底的一类题型,也是在英语考试中所占分值很大的一类题型。所以在写英语作文的时候要掌握中考英语作文写作技巧才能够在中考的时候写出一篇优秀的英语作文。
初中英语作文分为四等。一等文:13-15分;二等文:9-12分;三等文:5-8分;四等文:0-4分。教给大家十个字,搞定初中英语写作,帮你拿到一等文。
要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点
要点:实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字,翻译!因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点,要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好,只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点,也就是文章的第二段内容,要做到全,围绕中心。
结构:中考最流行的结构就是三段式,深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么尼?因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段:简单明了,开门见山,不超过2句话,如,我们想表达小强很强壮,第一段直接说XQis extremely strong。观点明确,这一句足矣。
第二段:分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭,He has ten mealseveryday!详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时,He does exercise 2 hours a day!详举做了什么运动。
第三段:经过第二段的论证,可以得出结论。但请注意,不能完全照抄第一段,要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如,Howstrong and robust XQ is!I hope to be him one day!
逻辑:这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的,转折的,总结的逻辑词等。递进:除了first,second,third,finally等还可以使用高级点的,如first of all(首先),in addition,whatsmore,moreover(都是另外的意思),in a word,all inall(表示总结的)。转折:but,yet,however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词,因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。
语法:其他几点都不是硬性的要求,不那样做不能说是错,只能说是不好,但是语法却是硬性的。如,单词的使用,时态等。
亮点:当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文,最后两个字,亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前,都是结构清晰的三段式,要点都很全,都用了一些逻辑词,都没有语法错误,但是A篇只用了beautiful,good-looking,B篇却用到了attractive,charming,catching等,我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇,词组,句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以,以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。
英语作文依靠的是同学们的语感和平时的积累,但是在面临中考的紧要关头,要想在短时间内提高英语写作水平不是一件容易的事情,这就需要同学们掌握中考英语作文写作技巧。
篇16:优秀英语写作素材:教育的英语名言
全文共 3350 字
+ 加入清单以下是由语文迷网精心为大家整理提供的关于教育的英语名言,欢迎大家参考选择。
Education has for its object the formation of character.
教育的目的在于品德的培育。——斯宾塞
He can ill be master that never was scholar.
没当过学生的人成不了一个好先生。
Teaching others teaches youself.
教学相长。
Better untaught than ill taught.
宁可不受教育也强于受坏的教育。
Instruction knows no cladistinction.
有教无类——《论语》
The best bred have the best portion.
最好的教养是最好的嫁妆。
A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. (H.B.Adams, American historian)
教师的影响是永恒的;无法估计他的影响会有多深远。(美国历史学家 亚当斯 H B)
Better be unboun than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune. (Plato, Ancient Greek phiosopher)
与其不受教育,不知不生,因为无知是不幸的根源。(古希腊哲学家 柏拉图)
Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet, with ideas, with works, and ,need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen? (Friedrich W.Nietzsche, German philosopher)
所有高尚教育的课程表里都不能没有各种形式的跳舞:用脚跳舞,用思想跳舞,用言语跳舞,不用说,还需用笔跳舞。(德国哲学家 尼采 F W)
Education commences at the mother’s knee, and every word spoken within the hearsay of children tends towards the formation of character. (Hosea Ballou British cducator)
教育始于母亲膝下,孩童耳听一言一语,均影响其性格的形成。(英国教育家 巴卢 H)
Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance. (Durant, American historian)
教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。(美国历史学家 杜兰特)
Educaton does not mean teaching people to kow what they do not know ; it means teachng them to behave as they do not behave. (John Ruskin, British art critic)
教育不在于使人知其所未知,而在于按其所未行而行。(英国艺术评论家 园斯金 J)
Education is a admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught. (Oscar Wilde, British dramatist)
教育是令人羡慕的东西,但是要不时地记住:凡是值得知道的,没有一个是能够教会的。(英国剧作家 王尔得 O)
Example is always more efficacious than precept. (Samuel Johnson, British writer and critic)
身教胜于言教。(英国作家、批评家 约翰逊 S)
Histories make men wise ; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend.(Francis Bacon , British philosopher )
历史使人明智;诗词使人灵秀;数学使人周密;自然哲学使人深刻;伦理使人庄重;逻辑修辞学使人善辨。( 英国哲学家 培根. F.)
If you dont learn to think when you are young , you may never learn .(Thomas Edison , American inventor )
如果你年轻时就没有学会思考,那么就永远学不会思考。(美国发明家 爱迪生 . T.)
Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study.
(Francis Bacon , British philosopher )
天生的才干如同天生的植物一样,需要靠学习来修剪。(英国哲学家 培根 . F.)
A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. (H.B.Adams, American historian)
教师的影响是永恒的;无法估计他的影响会有多深远。(美国历史学家 亚当斯 H B)
And gladly would learn, and gladly teach. (Chaucer, British poet)
勤于学习的人才能乐意施教。(英国诗人 乔叟)
Better be unboun than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune. (Plato, Ancient Greek phiosopher)
与其不受教育,不知不生,因为无知是不幸的根源。(古希腊哲学家 柏拉图)
Education commences at the mothers knee, and every word spoken within the hearsay of children tends towards the formation of character. (Hosea Ballou British cducator)
教育始于母亲膝下,孩童耳听一言一语,均影响其性格的形成。(英国教育家 巴卢 H)
Educaton does not mean teaching people to kow what they do not know ; it means teachng them to behave as they do not behave. (John Ruskin, British art critic)
教育不在于使人知其所未知,而在于按其所未行而行。(英国艺术评论家 园斯金 J)
Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance. (Durant, American historian)
教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。(美国历史学家 杜兰特)
For a cultivated man to be ignorant of foreign languages is a great inconveniece. (Anton P.Chekhrv, Russian dramatist)
一个受过教育的人,不懂外语是极不方便的。(俄国剧作家 契克夫 A P)
篇17:2024英语写作素材:植树节的意义
全文共 3848 字
+ 加入清单Each years Arbor Day across the country will be massive tree-planting activities, because of afforestation greening and beautifying the home, not only can also at the same time expanding forest resources, prevent water loss and soil erosion, protecting farmland, regulating climate, and promote economic development, and so on, is a grand project of contemporary, benefiting future. But the meaning of the Arbor Day is not everyone want to plant a tree in the Arbor Day this day, but through the Arbor Day again come, make us more attention of greening, the problems of environmental protection.
As we all know: the earth is in arid and desert area covered are increased year by year, but we seem to feel these are far from us, but in our side have such a group of people: they are quietly for planting green the earth, they are called "hero", some are called "contemporary yu gong", some even are foreign friends... They plant trees in their practical action to tell us, was the event of all mankind, is benefiting future generations of the ten thousand.
Hundreds of millions of years ago, the earth belongs to the animals with lush plants, everywhere full of vitality, full of green, however, IQ is far more human than the other animals, plants like enchanted decreased dramatically. That is because the human in order to build houses, caused by the cutting down trees. Have a plenty of because business needs, large teams of cut down the trees to set aside space, used to build the building. Because many people without authorization, cut down trees and trees, so nature was damaged.
The disadvantages of cutting down trees a lot. We all know trees can be recycled carbon dioxide, if a large number of cut down trees, trees will sharply reduce the number of, we cant get exhaled carbon dioxide cycle. Lush trees can stop the sandstorm, two years before Beijing encountered sandstorms, the entire city was shrouded by sand that is because of the lack of protection in the trees.
Trees are the earths lungs, I hope everyone can protect the forest, protection of trees, green make urban life add a minute! Protect trees is to protect the earth is to protect our humanity!
But for all of us, the meaning of the Arbor Day is not just as simple plant a tree. Arbor Day to express meaning not only for us is to plant more trees, but to cultivate citizens to take good care of our natural, low carbon a philosophy of life.
Arbor Day if there are no conditions to plant trees, we can do from daily life and the same effect to plant trees. Such as a piece of paper with a pair of disposable chopsticks, less waste less and less an air-conditioner and so on. The concept of low carbon, saving itself is beneficial to the progress of the society, the protection of the trees. Only our demand for trees, trees cut down will be less, then the love will be more and more trees. Arbor Day, what are you waiting for, from now on, since you have come together to love nature, low carbon a day!
每年的植树节全国各地都会大规模开展植树活动,因为植树造林不仅可以绿化和美化家园,同时还可以起到扩大山林资源、防止水土流失、保护农田、调节气候、促进经济发展等作用,是一项利于当代、造福子孙的宏伟工程。但是植树节的意义不是在于每个人都要在植树节这天去种一棵树,而是通过植树节的又一次来临,使我们大家更加的关注绿化、环保的问题。
众所周知:地球正在沙化,沙漠的覆盖面积正在逐年的增加——可我们似乎觉得这些离我们还很远,但是在我们的身边有这样的一群人:他们在默默无闻地为这片大地播种着绿色,他们有的被称为“英雄"、有的被称为“当代愚公”,有的甚至是外国友人……他们用他们的实际行动告诉我们,植树是全人类的大事,是造福子孙万代的伟业。
几亿年前,地球归动物所拥有的时候植物繁茂,到处生机勃勃,充满了绿色,但是,智商远远高出其他动物的人类出现后,植物像被施了魔法一样的急剧减少。那是因为,人类为了建造房屋,砍伐树木所造成的。有的是因为商业需要,大批大批的砍伐树林留出空地,用来建造大楼。正因为许多人擅自砍伐树林和树木,所以大自然被破坏。
砍伐树木的坏处很多。大家都知道树木可以循环二氧化碳,如果大量砍伐树木,树木的数量就会急剧减少,我们呼出的二氧化碳无法得到循环。茂密的树木可以阻挡沙尘暴,前两年北京遭遇沙尘暴,整个城市被沙子所笼罩这也是因为缺少树木的保护所造成的。
树是地球的肺,我希望每个人都能保护树林、保护树木,让都市的生活添一分绿色!保护树木就是保护地球就是保护我们人类!
但是对于我们大家来说,植树节的意义并不仅仅是种一棵树那么简单。植树节向我们表达的意义不仅是要多种植树木,而是要培养我们广大市民爱护自然、低碳生活的一种理念。
植树节如果没有条件去种树,我们从日常生活中也可以做到和种树一样的效果。比如少用一双一次性筷子、少浪费一张纸、少开一次空调等等。这些节约低碳的理念,本身就有益于社会的进步,树木的保护。只有我们对树木的需求少了,树木的砍伐才会少,那么爱护树木的人就会越来越多。植树节,大家还在等什么,从现在开始,从你开始,都来一起爱护自然吧,低碳的过一天!
篇18:高三年级假期计划英语作文
全文共 2359 字
+ 加入清单Have you ever wondered, winter vacation is not long, and after half of the holiday is very busy, everyday go club, string of hezekiah, and his brother and sisters to pieces, no time to write my homework. So, you just have a holiday of a few days ago is very important. Are you going to high efficiency, high quality finish holiday homework. Whether your life regularly? If we set a schedule for yourself, not can better finish holiday homework? In the New Years day, not too can play more at ease?
In my body has a very profound lesson -- last years winter vacation, every day I go out and play, the first few days when is twelve o clock at night didnt go to bed, only more than ten up during the day, clock totally messed up. Brother and sister elder brother elder sister until he saw the house already written assignments, open happy heart to prepare for the holiday, I realise their homework from commencement back until now even havent touched touch! The New Year, because the family relatives, so every day going to someones home New Year, busy as a bee. Everybody happy New Years day, but I fear, not at ease. The days of school gradually close to the, finally temporary prayer feet, careless finished all my homework. Alas, this not only learn nothing, also parents harshly criticized by the teacher.
If I had had a plan, every day to give oneself "assignments", timing, quantitatively and mix. Not only learn the effective, New Years day can also be reassuring to have fun. This shows how important it is to have a good plan wow! Every time, what time sleep; How much homework every day, back how many poems; How many minutes, computer and TV entertainment outdoor activities every day a few hours...
With increasing age level gradually, work also more and more. Now, you have a perfect plan?
你可曾想过,寒假的假期不长,而且后半个假期十分忙,天天走东家、串西家,与兄弟姐妹闹成一片,根本没时间写作业。那么,你刚放假的前几天就显得十分重要了。你要高效率、高质量完成假期作业。你的生活是否有规律呢?如果我们为自己制定一张计划表,不就能更好地完成假期作业了吗?到了过年时,不也就能更加安心地玩儿了吗?
在我自己身上就有一个十分深刻的教训——去年寒假,刚开始几天,我天天出去玩儿,晚上是十二点多才睡觉,白天十点多才起来,生物钟完全乱了套。直到看见家里的弟弟妹妹哥哥姐姐都早已写好了作业,开开心心准备过年时,我才发觉自己的作业从结业典礼拿回来直到现在连碰都还没碰过呢!过年了,由于家里的亲戚多,所以天天都要去别人家里拜年,忙得不可开交。其他人都其乐融融的过年,而我却是提心吊胆,玩的不安心。距离开学的日子渐渐近了,终于临时拜佛脚,粗枝大叶的完成了所有作业。唉,这样不仅没学到什么,还被老师家长狠狠地批评了一顿。
如果当时我有一个计划就好了,每天都给自己“布置任务”,定时定量地完成,并且劳逸结合。不仅学的有效,过年也能安心的玩儿了。这可见有一个好的计划是多么重要哇!每天几点起、几点睡;每天写多少作业、背多少古诗;每天电脑电视娱乐多少分钟、户外活动几小时……
随着年纪级的渐渐升高,作业量也越来越多。现在的你,有一个完美的计划了吗?
篇19:高三暑假英语日记
全文共 300 字
+ 加入清单This morning,I got up very early.And then,I did some exercises,such as running、swimming、played basketball with my brother and so on.And then,my mun asked me to go shopping with her.She broght a lot of food and some clothes for me. And I had broght a new shoes for my father. Today, I felt very happy.
篇20:高三年级英语作文:关于生活AboutLife
全文共 1223 字
+ 加入清单Do you think what is the most important in your life?Maybe some answers are dreams.I may directly answer “lovers”.你认为你的生活中最重要的是什么?也许有些人的答案是梦想。我可以坦率地回答“爱人”。
In my opinion, lovers not simply mean your partner of life, but the people you love: your parents, husband or wife, children and friends.I have a happy life because of their company.I even can’t imagine the life without them.在我看来,爱人不仅仅指你的生活伴侣,而是你所爱的人:你的父母,丈夫或妻子,孩子和朋友。我拥有幸福的生活,因为有他们的陪伴。我甚至无法想象没有他们的生活。
My mum told me” money is not as important as you think, you neednt think too highly of it.Don’t be greedy, my girl.”I got it.Person around us is the most important.If they are unhappy, you won’t be happy.There is many beautiful scenery in our life, however, the most important thing we should notice is that, without the people we love, they worth nothing.我妈妈告诉我,“钱不是像你想像中的那么重要,你不要把它看得太重要。不要贪心,我的女孩。“我记住了。我们身边的人是最重要的。如果他们不开心,你也会不开心。在我们的生活中有很多美丽的风景,但是我们应该注意到最重要的是没有我们所爱的人,那些东西就是毫无价值。
In reality, many people are chasing wealth which results to the ignorance of people around them.Obviously, its not a brilliant choice.Don’t’ be controlled by wealth or money.About life , this is my idea, what’s about yours?在现实中,许多人因追逐财富而忽略了身边的人。很显然的,这不是明智的选择。不要被财富或金钱控制。这就是我对生活的看法,你的呢?