雅思写作常用句型(精选20篇)

开题：描述的方式来引出要议论的主题。

以叙代议 常见：

As we can see , has become a very important problem in the rapidly developing world.

Adimttedly,  has attracted more and more attention from people.

As we know. Bring us many b123fits and conviences.

Judging from that fact, it is very obvious thathas become part of our everyday life to some extent.

The emergence of  is really worth our respect in history while it still remains meaningful to us now.

个人描述：以个人的亲身经历来引起要议论的问题。

Once, I had the experience of

I can never forget the experience of

Personally, at first sight of this topic, I could not help thinking about the

引用名言式：用一个相关的谚语、术语、名言或名人实例来引题。

Just as the saying goes,

The saying that comes to me at the first sight of this topic.

在引题时要注意不要照抄原题， 而且篇幅不宜过长，在引题之后，迅速进入自己所支持的观点，或表态，并引起下文。

论述L详细阐述分支观点的部分，在开题首段的第二句一般是文章的主旨句所在，而在论述部分的理由段中，各个分论点应该放在首句的位置，开门见山。

如果说有什么方法可以提高雅思写作成绩，我想从根本上提高的唯一办法就是转变思维方式，也就是把中式思维向英式思维靠拢，只有这样才能符合雅思考官的喜好，才能得高分。本文中，将具体介绍一下中式思维和英式思维的区别，以及怎样才能写出更符合雅思考官要求的作文。

事实上，如果脑袋里有一个中文的概念或者想法，要用英文来表达的时候总是免不了紧张，因为由于中英两国的文化不同，很多东西无法表达----非常可能不是因为考生的语言问题，而是因为这个中国的概念在英文里面根本就不存在。有数字统计过中英两国语言的词汇量只有40%能互通(所谓的equivalent)，而这就意味着剩余的60%的表达肯定是和原文有很大出入的。甚至很多我们生活中经常使用的语言，不假思索就能说出的概念，在英语文化里很可能根本就没有对应的表达，例如热闹这个词，考生们可以试试能否在英文单词中找到让你满意的对得上号的词。这个地方很热闹这句话，根据语境可以有不同的翻译，但是总体而言，热闹作为一个词来说，在英文里几乎是没有对应的。

正因为如此，我们才强调，写英语作文，说英语口语，要用英语思维，不要用中式思维。这对于很多人来说是个很空洞的概念，只有当你真正用英语与外国人交流的时候才会体会到英式思维的重要性。

这的确很难，因为我们在中式思维里面扎根的太深了。事实上，这也和两国语言本身的特点有关。鲁迅就说过，中文和外文比，吃亏就吃在不够精确，具体到单词水平，就是词汇量少。因为词汇量少，因此中文特别讲究上下文，一个模糊的词只有在一个特定的语境里面才能让读者感到一个特定的意思。相比而言，英文在这方面就不是这样，具体的说，大部分英语词都是有着非常确定的意思的，因此，那些在中文里面需要联系上下文才能端倪出的细微差别，也许在英文里面只是另一个单词而已。记住这点，笔者下面所说的也许会对诸位有用，在这里，笔者提供一个方法，就是如果你脑袋中有一个想法的话，仔细想想你到底想精确说的是什么意思。比如，当你想说某一个命题错误的时候，你最好想清楚它到底错在哪里，illogical, irresponsible, biased, prejudice, fallacy, untrue这些词之间都有着或大或小的差别，所以主要想看你到底想说的是什么。

所以，诸位想锻炼写作的话，建议要做的第一样功课，就是求精细。只有你自己求精细了，才能发现报刊、书籍中对相近的概念的不同表达法的精妙之处，才会由衷地为某篇文章的一个用词会心一笑。写作就是思维表达的一种形式。西方人直线式的思维方式体现在语言上就是西方人说话写文章喜欢开门见山，把关键性的话放在开头，然后再论及其它次要的内容。

而写作涉及到语言的方方面面，从语言的结构上来说最基本的因素包括遣词、造句和篇章。螺旋与直入的思维差异就会影响到这些方面，具体包括修饰语与中心词、句子和篇章。

一、修饰语与中心词

英语的修饰语，如介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等皆放在被修饰语的后面;而汉语的修饰语无论长短、繁简，皆置于被修饰语的前面。体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。例如：

1. The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases.

汉语全世界的科学家，修饰语在前，中心词在后，而英语则是中心词在前，修饰语在后。净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法同样是修饰语在前，中心词在后，而英语则相反。

2. We appreciate your words about the relations between our two countries.

汉语有关我们两国关系的谈话，修饰语在前，中心词在后，而英语则是中心词在前，修饰语在后。有关我们两国关系，同样是修饰语在前，中心词在后，而英语则相反。

3. The hungry boy ate up everything he could have his hands on from the refrigerator.

他从冰箱里所能拿到的吃的东西，修饰语在前，中心词在后，而英语则是中心词在前，修饰语在后。

4. The problem arose of how to fairly distribute the world natural resources.

比较而言，该句主语太长，谓语太短，构成了不连续性修饰语，不过还是有些突兀，但修饰语还得后置。而汉语怎样合理分配世界自然资然的问题仍是修饰语在前，中心词在后。

二、句子

英语句子开门见山，其主谓结构是全句的纲，其余成份是目，一般先下结论，后叙事，从近到远，新近发生的事先出现，重心落在句首。汉语句子一般以逻辑关系和时间的先后顺序排列，一般先叙事，后下结论，由远及近，重心落在句尾。这种差异体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。

中国学生在英语写作时往往会受汉语思维的影响，写出下面的句子：

1. When I stayed in Guangzhou last month, you helped me. I am grateful for that.

2. Toms mother died when he was only two years old, so he did not remember her.

3. After we left China in 1959, the natural calamities happened one after another for three years in the country. While we read about it at home, we had been dismayed.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet Dad came all the same. That made us very joyful.

如果按英语直入的思维方式，以上几句要改写成：

1. I am very grateful for your help to me during my stay in Guangzhou last month.

2. Tom did not remember his mother who died when he was only two years old.

3. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that happened one after another for three years after we left China in 1959.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet to our great joy, Dad came all the same.

这种思维方式的转换要是更复杂一点，对中国学生来说，是需要操练的。例如：

1. 我认为如果他们初次相识时，她很穷，他未必会爱她。这位女性由于对他有好感而帮助他，使他心存感激，这种感激之情很容易发展成为真挚的爱情。

I do not suppose he would have loved her if she had been poor when he first knew her, but the gratitude which he felt for the help which he owed to her kindly interest in him easily developed into a sincere affection. (条件关系和多层因果关系的转换)

2. 她去深圳参加一个会议，会议结束后，她就到香港去购物，昨天才回来。

She came back yesterday from Hong Kong where she had gone shopping after the meeting in Shenzhen.(时间顺序的转换)

三、段落篇章

这里篇章包括段落和全文。总体而言，英文篇章，一般都采用直线型的形式，尤其是说明文和议论文，更是一般具体式的。英语篇章是a writer-responsible pattern, 即作者在篇章中有责任、有义务向读者交代其主旨或目的。为使读者省时高效，英语篇章开门见山，一开头就直接点明段落的主题句 (topic sentence) 或全文的中心思想 (thesis statement), 即亮明作者的观点、态度、看法等;或者以引言开门，即首先用一个熟悉的事实、观点、故事、引言等开头，然后直接见到作者全文的观点思想。

由以上分析可知，西方人的直线式思维和中国人的螺旋式思维存在明显的差异，体现在语言中，几乎渗透到语言的各个单位，包括词汇、句子、段落和全篇。当然，笔者无意说思维模式孰好孰坏，正如我们不能断言文化模式孰好孰坏一样。但作为学英语的中国人，学原汁原味的语言是我们要达到的最高境界。自然，这里的语言也应包括discourse或text。因此考生们要知道，一种思维是一种文化长期的积淀，它已进入该民族的潜意识，根深蒂固，如果只学语言本身，不会知其所以然，一旦到了使用语言时，汉语思维自然突现，写出Chinglish, 浑然不知。此外，建议考生多背诵和模仿英语经典文章，如《新概念英语》第三册上的文章，笔者认为皆为语言的精华，不但文词优美，每课都是一篇范文，原汁原味，多读这样的文章，一定会有所启发。由此看来，老生常谈而又令人费解的学会用英语思维，倒不如换个说法学会英汉思维转换，即懂得英汉思维的差异，在平时读书的时候去真实地领悟，久而久之，就能写出地道的英文来，至少不会写出那么多的Chinglish。

综上所述，想要取得雅思写作7分甚至更高的分数，单靠所谓的模板和复杂的句式是做不到的，只有从写作思维模式上进行改变，才有可能取得好的写作成绩。而中式思维的根深蒂固必定会对正确的英语写作思维产生阻力，因此，临摹英式思维的文章以及阅读海外学术著作对于转变写作思维有着至关重要的作用。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

一、对立观点命题形式的首句：

1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally, I stand on the side of A .

2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.

3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages.

4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B .

5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons .

6. In general , I prefer to _____ .

7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____ .

8. When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ .

9. When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ .

10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____ .

11. When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently .

12. When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____ .

13. When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____ .

14. When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____ .

15. While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____ .

二、单一观点式

A . Agree

1. One of the greatest writers once said that _____ . Now , it still has its significant realistic value .

2. I would follow the reasoning that _____ .

3. Many people advocate that _____ . They claim that _____ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons .

4. I totally agree with the statement that _____ . The reasons are presented below .

5. After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it .

6. my arguments for point are listed as follows.

7. I agree with the above statement because _____ .

8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society .

9. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____ . 10. Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____ .

11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____ .

12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____ .

13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However , many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons .

14. Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _____ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____ .

15. Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____ . Those who criticize _____ argue that _____ . They claim that _____ . But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____ .

16. There is a much-debated problem today about _____ . Those who object to _____ argue that _____ . They are very sure about _____ . But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____ .

B . Disagree

1. Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____ . But people are taking a fresh look at it .

2. Recently , we often hear about _____ . But is it ?

3. These days , it is often heard about _____ . But is this really the truth ?

4. I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.

5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____ . But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons .

6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis .

7. Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination .

8. In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____ . But I can say nothing but _____ .

9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____ .

10. Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____ . But _____ .

11. Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below .

12. Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____ . Such people think _____ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _____ .

13. Now , it is widely believed that _____ . These people think _____ . But I wonder if _____ .

14. I cannot totally the idea that _____ . Because , in my point of view , I believe _____ .

15. As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement .

16. Nowadays , it is widely held that _____ . People of this kind think _____ .But I doubt whether _____ .

在作文中应用一些古诗词，可以让我们的文章更加有层次，下面是小编整理的古诗词常用典故，欢迎阅读。

1、冰雪以冰雪的晶莹比喻心志的忠贞、品格的高尚。

如“洛阳亲友如相问，一片冰心在玉壶。”(王昌龄《芙蓉楼送辛渐》)冰心：高洁的心性，古人用“清如玉壶冰”比喻一个人光明磊落的心性。再如“应念岭海经年，孤光自照，肝肺皆冰雪。”岭南一年的仕途生涯中，自己的人格品行像冰雪一样晶莹、高洁。

2、月亮对月思亲——引发离愁别绪，思乡之愁。

如“举头望明月，低头思故乡。”(李白《静夜思》)如“小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。”(李煜《虞美人》)望月思故国，表明亡国之君特有的伤痛。如“碛里征人三十万，一时回首月中看。”碛，沙漠，茫茫大漠中几十万战士一时间都抬头望着东升的月亮，抑制不住悲苦的思乡之情。

3、柳树以折柳表惜别。

汉代以来，常以折柳相赠来寄托依依惜别之情，由此引发对远方亲人的思念之情以及行旅之人的思乡之情。如1987年曾考过的《送别》诗：杨柳青青着地垂，杨花漫漫搅天飞。柳条折尽花飞尽，借问行人归不归?

由于“柳”、“留”谐音，古人在送别之时，往往折柳相送，以表达依依惜别的深情。这一习俗始于汉而盛于唐，汉代就有《折杨柳》的曲子，以吹奏的形式表达惜别之情。唐代西安的灞陵桥，是当时人们到全国各地去时离别长安的必经之地，而灞陵桥两边又是杨柳掩映，这儿就成了古人折柳送别的着名的地方，如“年年柳色，灞陵伤别”的诗。后世就把“灞桥折柳”作为送别典故的出处。故温庭筠有“绿杨陌上多别离”的诗句。柳永在《雨霖铃》中以“今宵酒醒何处，杨柳岸，晓风残月”来表达别离的伤感之情。

“笛中闻折柳，春色未曾看”，说的是笛声中《折杨柳》的曲子倒是传播得很远，而杨柳青青的春色却从来不曾看见，以此来表达伤春叹别的感情。

“此夜曲中闻折柳，何人不起故园情?”说的是今夜听到《折杨柳》的曲子，又有何人不引起思念故乡的感情呢?

4、蝉以蝉品行高洁。

古人以为蝉餐风饮露，是高洁的象征，所以古人常以蝉的高洁表现自己品行的高洁。《唐诗别裁》说：“咏蝉者每咏其声，此独尊其品格。”

由于蝉栖于高枝，餐风露宿，不食人间烟火，则其所喻之人品，自属于清高一型。骆宾王《在狱咏蝉》：“无人信高洁。”李商隐《蝉》：“本以高难饱”，“我亦举家清”。王沂孙《齐天乐》：“甚独抱清高，顿成凄楚。”虞世南《蝉》：“居高声自远，非是藉秋风。”他们都是用蝉喻指高洁的人品。

5、草木以草木繁盛反衬荒凉，以抒发盛衰兴亡的感慨。

如“过春风十里，尽荠麦青青。”(姜夔《扬州慢》)春风十里，十分繁华的扬州路，如今长满了青青荠麦，一片荒凉了。“旧苑荒台杨柳新，菱歌清唱不胜春。”吴国的旧苑荒台上的杨柳又长出新枝(荒凉一片)，遥想当年这里笙歌曼舞，那盛景比春光还美(不胜春：春光也不胜它)。这里是以杨柳的繁茂衬托荒凉。

“阶前碧草自春色，隔叶黄鹂空好音。”(杜甫《蜀相》)一代贤相及其业绩都已消失，如今只有映绿石阶的青草，年年自生春色(春光枉自明媚)，黄鹂白白发出这婉转美妙的叫声，诗人慨叹往事空茫，深表惋惜。

“朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜。”(刘禹锡《乌衣巷》)朱雀桥边昔日的繁华已荡然无存，桥边已长满杂草野花，乌衣巷已失去昔日的富丽堂皇，夕阳映照着破败凄凉的巷口。

6、南浦在中国古代诗歌中，南浦是水边的送边之所。

屈原《九哥·河伯》：“与子交手兮东行，送美人兮南浦。”江淹《别赋》：“春草碧色，春水渌波，送君南浦，伤如之何!”范成大《横塘》：“南浦春来绿一川，石桥朱塔两依然。”古人水边送别并非只在南浦，但由于长期的民族文化浸染，南浦已成为水边送别之地的一个专名了。

7、长亭是陆上的送别之所。

李白《菩萨蛮》：“何处是归程?长亭更短亭。”柳永《雨霖铃》：“寒蝉凄切，对长亭晚。”李叔同《送别》：“长亭外，古道边，芳草碧连天。”很显然，在中国古典诗歌里长亭已成为陆上的送别之所。

8、琴瑟(1)比喻夫妇感情和谐，亦作“瑟琴”。

《诗·周南·关雎》：“窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。”又《小雅·常棣》：“妻子好合，如鼓琴瑟。”

(2)比喻兄弟朋友的情谊。

陈子昂《春夜别友人诗》：“离堂思琴瑟，别路绕出川。”

9、螟蛉《诗·小雅·小宛》：“螟蛉有子，蜾赢负之。”蜾赢(一种蜂)捕螟蛉为食，并以产卵管刺入螟蛉体内，注射蜂毒使其麻痹，然后负之置于蜂巢内，作蜾赢幼虫的食料。古人错以为蜾赢养螟蛉为子，因把作为螟蛉养子的代称。

10、鸿雁

《汉书·苏轼传》载，匈奴单于欺骗汉使，称苏武已死，而汉使者故意说天子打猎时射下一只北方飞来的鸿燕，脚上拴着帛书，是苏武写的。单于只好放了苏武。后来就用“鸿燕”、“雁书”、“雁足”、“鱼雁”等指书信、单讯。如晏殊《清平乐》：“生笺小字，说尽平生意。鸿雁在云鱼在不，惆怅此情难寄。”李清照词云：“雁字回时，月满西楼。”李清照另一首词云：“好把音书凭过雁，东莱不似蓬莱远。”大雁在这里是传书的信使。

11、神器指帝位、政权。

《老子》：“将欲取天下而为之，吾见其不得己。天下神器，不可为也。”

12、月老

传说唐朝韦固月夜里经过宋城，遇见一个老人坐着翻检书本。韦固前往窥视，一个字也不认得，向老人询问后，才知道老人是专官人间婚姻的神仙，翻检的书是婚姻簿子(见《续幽怪录·定婚店》)。后来因此称煤人为月下老人，或月老。

13、陶朱春秋时越国大夫范蠡的别号。

相传他帮助勾践灭吴后，离开越国到陶，善于经营生计，积累了很多财富，后世因此以“陶朱”或“陶朱公”来称富商。

14、祝融

传说中楚国君主的祖先，为高辛氏帝喾的火正(掌火之官)，以光明四海而称为祝融，后世祀为火神;由此，火灾称为祝融之灾。

15、秋水秋水，喻指眼睛，形容盼望的迫切。《西厢记》第三本第二折“望穿他盈盈秋水，蹙损他淡淡春山。”春山，指眉。

下面雅思为大家整理了雅思写作曲线图审题步骤，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。

雅思小作文其实是在雅思考试中，分数更好得的一项，相比较大作文那主观发挥而言，她的客观描述更能得心应手。一般学生在拿到一幅图后，都能挑出其中值得介绍的数据，但不足的是，许多同学在寻找数据的过程中全凭感觉走，没有所谓的逻辑，思路，以致于全篇下来后，考官并不能很好地看清整个图表，从而分数不高。而正如大家都知道的，小作文写的成功与否，最关键的就在于说考官在批作文时能否自己勾画出该图表。因此，本文结合自己实践雅思教学中的情况经验，就如何更好地将小作文数据寻找与逻辑性相结合和大家分享，着重理清思路。

一，先看横纵坐标：

1，横坐标中一般直观反应出来的是时间年份，因此在寻找数据之前先确定好时间是至关重要的。因为时态的确定直接从图表反应的时间上来说明。一般小作文分为2种时间信息：无具体时间有具体时间。那么如没有时间时，小作文一般采用现在时态；若有时间，则要根据实际情况走，时间为过去的或将来的来具体分析。

2，纵坐标直接反应出数据以及单位，这也是很好地体现小作文的客观性和准确性的依据。一般都知道，小作文肯定要多放些数据，但很多时候数据的单位却被大家忽略了，因此尤其要注意单位的添加，那么此个看去不起眼的步骤就必不可少了。

二，再看有几条曲线：

1，1条线：

若整个图都只有一条曲线，那么具体的分段要根据实际情况进行分段

2，2条线：

若是有2条线，则可以有多种分段构思，可以1条1段，也可以结合实际分段

3，3条及以上：

其中2条分1段或根据实际分段。一般“相似”“相交”“相反”的2条线更适合被放一起。

三，最后寻找关键数据：

1，分析总体趋势：

总体趋势即看线的一头一尾，从而推算出是“上升”“下降”“波动”“不变”或其他，另外也可根据此步骤给自己另一个分段依据，例：可以将总体上升的几条线分一段，而下降的分另一段

2，分别描述(纵比)：

在此阶段该寻找出自己这条线的重点特殊点，如：起始点，最高点，最低点，以及变化趋势

3，区别比较(横比)：

在此步骤，该对不同曲线进行区别比较，找出：交点，排序等

如此以来，按照以上几个步骤，相信在寻找数据的时候定会更加的有思路逻辑，再结合实际情况，采取一种最恰当的分段方法进行分段，结合进优美的句子，相信可以把小作文写的更好!

导语：雅思写作同义词需要积累，小编为大家准备了以下一些同义词，让你告别单一重复

1.important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)

2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)

3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for peoples needs and wants)

4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)

5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)

6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)

7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)

8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)

9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)

10.top=peak, summit

11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)

12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)

13.opinion=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)

14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation

15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish

16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)

17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)

18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental

19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)

20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel

一、开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says，

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that ...

8.It`s hardly that...

9.It’s hardly too much to say that...

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...

13.what’s far more important is that...

二、衔接句型

A case in point is ...

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三、结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四、举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

The same is true of….

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

五、常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.

3. I believe the title statement is valid because….

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七、演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5. The reasons are as follows.

八、因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

雅思写作偏题原因有哪些?在考生写作之前，审题是必须要操作的步骤，而且也是关乎作文分数最为关键的一环。最重要也是最基本的要求就是：写作要紧扣主题符合题意，否则，即使观点再精彩、语言再优美、论据再充实，作文也无法得到高分。本文将着重对生词原因进行分析，并指导考生该如何应对。

雅思写作偏题原因：生词

生词，是考生审题出现偏差最普遍的问题。一方面，雅思考生越来越低龄化：很多考生年龄小，大多数词汇量非常少，有的考生能够认识的单词甚至还不到1000个。另一方面，雅思的大作文考题尤其是学术类的，话题偏重于社会话题，语言偏书面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏许多大学生，都会有此感慨：题目有单词不认识啊。

对策

①积累话题核心词

1.何谓题干核心词

雅思议论文题目虽多，但是会有一些出现频率比较高的实意词即为：题干核心词。

2.学习题干核心词的方法

对于题干核心词的学习，建议考生从写作机经入手，找出题干中出现的实意词并作积累。

●请看以下雅思真题：

1. International travel often leads people to have someprejudicesrather than broad-mind. What are the main reasons of this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get better understanding of the countries they visit?

一、记叙文的特点与结构模式

1.记叙文的特点

记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达方式,以记人、叙事、写景、状物为基本职能,对社会生活中的人、事、景物的状态及其变化发展进行叙述和描写的文章样式。常见的散文、报告文学、消息、海报、通讯、特写、游记、人物传记、回忆录,以及一部分书信、日记、情况报告、调查报告、人物事迹材料等都可归入记叙文之列。

其特点有四个:(1)全面真实,没有虚构。(2)要素全面,选材典型。(3)以叙述、描写为主要表达方式。(4)语言生动活泼,富于表现力。

2.记叙文的结构模式

记叙文一般都是由开头、主体、结尾三部分组成。

(1)开头——事件或行为、情感的发端。

(2)主体——事件或行为、情感的发展。

(3)结尾——事件或行为、情感的结果与启迪。

二、议论文的特点与结构模式

1.议论文的特点

议论文是以议论为主要表达方式,通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非确定某种观点的正确与谬误,树立或否定某种主张的文章样式。常见的科学论文、杂文、文艺评论、政论文(有关政治问题的讲话、会议报告、发言、宣言、声明、社论、演讲词〉等都属于议论文体。其特点是:(1)直接表达作者的思想观点。(2)以议论为主要表达方式,辅以说明、叙述等。(3)内容重在说理,坚持摆事实,讲道理,以理服人。(4)其构成要素包括论点、论据和论证过程三个方面。(5)语言要讲求准确、简练、逻辑性强。

2.议论文的结构模式

议论文以确定或反驳一种论点的方式实现其写作目的,它所表现的是一个合乎逻辑的推理过程,其篇章结构模式一般为:

(1)开头——引论

这部分内容用于提出一个令人关注的问题或指明形成这一问题的情境,具体内容可以是其中的一项或几项。

①直接提出问题或阐述观点;

②指明讨论问题的目的、意义、原因;

③从对有关背景材料的介绍说明中引出论题;④概述全文轮廓,提出中心论点等。

下面小编为大家整理了一篇雅思写作技巧的相关信息，是关于间接表达法的。间接表达法这种在雅思写作技巧是用在这样的情况下的：有的时候，发言者为了充分地表达自己的观点，或者为了使自己的观点显得不偏激，会很委婉地表述观点。下面我们一起来看看。

间接表述观点

比如：

Well， I dont think you should start with the case study too early unless you have made full preparation or you might find you cant meet the deadline. However， it really is the best approach you can try to get peoples response though it is somewhat time-consuming. If you think you can spare your study time， just go for it.

第一句话出现dont think，转折词However引出了意思上大的转变，这里的it really is the best approach就是很大的一个转折，说明持支持的态度的。此外，最后一句话是总结性的观点，一句just go for it非常清楚地再次表示其支持观点。

间接观点表达：

Through observation study， you can just watch and take notes. And you can get some unforeseeable results from peoples behavior， but it can only cover certain aspects. Therefore， you need other research method to assist it. But you can try if you want.中立

雅思小作文一般都是图表作文，首先要知道的就是雅思图表作文的几种主要类型：表格图，曲线图，饼状图和综合性图表四大类，那么雅思图表作文应该怎么完成呢?下面为大家分享四类图表作文要点，希望对大家有所帮助!

一、雅思表格图图表作文的写作要点

1横向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势

2不需要将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值

3最对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的

二、雅思曲线图图表作文的写作要点

1极点说明。即，对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明

2趋势说明。即，对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平

3交点说明。即，对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明

三、雅思饼状图图表雅思作文的写作要点

1介绍各扇面及总体的关系

2各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较

3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的

四、雅思综合图图表作文的写作要点

1不求甚解，不拘泥于细节

2分门别类，分段落详细介绍各个图表

3不画蛇添足，主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系

以上就是这四类雅思图表作文的写作要点介绍，对于各个图表的特点和描写的重点的不同进行了对比，大家可以在备考自己的雅思图表作文考试的时候，提前进行适当的参考和借鉴。

注意：以上信息整理来自网络，仅供参考!

小学英语常用句子

1、 Hello, … 你好。

2、 Hi, … 喂，你好。

3、 How do you do? 你好。

4、 Good morning/ afternoon/evening. 早上/下午/晚上好。

5、 Goodbye. 再见

6、 Good night. 晚安。

7、 How are you(this morning/afternoon/evening)? 你今天早晨/下午/晚上好吗?

8、 Fine, thank you/ thanks. 我很好，谢谢。

9、 Not bad, thank you. 不错，谢谢。

10、 Welcome back to school. 欢迎回到学校来。

11、 Welcome to our school. 欢迎到我们学校来。

12、 Happy birthday! 生日快乐!

13、 What’s your name, please? 你的名字是什么?

14、 Your name, please? 你叫什么名字?

15、 My name is…/ I’m… 我的名字是…/ 我名叫…

16、 This is Miss/ Mr/ Mrs… 这位是…小姐/先生/女士。

17、 This is my friend. 这是我的朋友。

18、 Nice to meet /see you. 很高兴认识/见到你。

19、 How old is he? 他多大了?

I 询问姓名、年龄。

1. ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字?

----My name is ________. ----我叫……。

2. ----How old are you? ----你几岁了?

----I’m 12. ----我十二岁。

II 询问颜色。

1. ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的?

----It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间。

2. ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的?

----They’re green. ----绿色的。

III 询问数量或价钱。

1. ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝?

-------I can see 12. ----我可以看见十二只风筝。

2. ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔?

-------I have 16. ----我有十六支。

3.-----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人?

-------Three. ----三口人。

4.-----How much is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱?

-------It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。

5.-----How much are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱?

-------They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。

IV 询问时间或日期。

1. --What time is it now? ----现在几点钟?

-----It’s nine o’clock.It’s time for English class.九点。该上英语课了。

-----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed. 八点。该上床睡觉了。

2.--What day is it today? ----今天星期几?

----It’s Monday. ----星期一。

----What do we have on Mondays? ----我们星期一上哪些课?

----We have Chinese, English, math …----语文、英语、数学……

3.----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么时候?

------It’s October 1st, our National Day.---十月一日，国庆节。

4.----When do you do morning exercises? ---你们什么时候做早锻炼?

------I usually do morning exercises at 8:30.--我们通常8：30做早锻炼。

V 询问方位或地方。

1. ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽车在哪儿?

-------It’s here, under the chair. ----在这儿，在椅子下面。

2.----Where is the canteen? ----餐厅在哪儿?

------It’s on the first floor ----在一楼。

3. ---Where are the keys? ----钥匙在哪儿?

------They’re in the door. ----在门上。

4.--Excuse me. Where is the library, please? 对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿?

----It’s near the post office. ----在邮局附近。

5. ---Where are you from? ----你从哪儿来?

------I’m from China. ----我从中国来。

6. ---Where does the rain come from? ----雨是从哪儿来的?

------It comes from the clouds. ----它是从云层里来的。

VI 询问想吃的东西。

1.----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ?

你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么?

------I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup.

我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。

2.----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner?---早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?

------Hamburgers and orange juice. ----汉堡包和橙汁。

VII 询问天气状况。

1.----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天气如何?

------It’s rainy today. How about New York? 今天是雨天。纽约呢?

------It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天，天气很热。

VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。

1. ----How do you feel? ----你感觉如何?

----I feel sick. ----我觉得不舒服。

2. ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了?

----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat.---我的喉咙疼。

3. ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ---你好吗，莎拉?你看起来这么伤心。

----I failed the math test. ----我的数学考试没有通过。

IX 询问职业、身份或人物。

1.----What’s your father / mother? ---你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的?

----He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher.---他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。

2.----What does your mother / father do? ---你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的?

----She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English.

她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。

3.----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是谁?

----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. 他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。

4.----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁?

----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister.--他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。

5.----Who’s your art teacher? ----你们的美术老师是谁?

----Miss Wang. ----王老师。

----What’s she like? ----她长什么样儿?

----She’s young and thin. ----她很年轻、苗条。

英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到，下面我们就总结了100条常用的短语和表达句子，希望能给大家一些参考。

1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention

8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensivequality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I

46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of theformer/latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the followingreasons/evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55. 理论和实践相结合 integratetheory with practice

56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantagesanddisadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorableconditions andavoidunfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，去其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreastwiththe latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth。

67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。(不推荐用。。。) No gardenwithout weeds。

69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to…

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scopeof knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, hold the opinion/beliefthat

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relievestress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 大写)

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutualunderstanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure

90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity ofoursociety

91.更多地强调 put more emphasis on…

92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society

93.实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true

94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:

95. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with

96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place

97. 再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally,Moreover,Furthermore

98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,

99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,

100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go

我们来看看句子吧。如果说单词是句子的灵魂，那句子就是文章的基石，而句型则是不同品质的基石，可以让整篇文章充满多样的色彩，读起来让人很有兴趣。虽然句型的变化很多，可是针对TOEFL文章的特点，一篇接近300字的议论文，IBT在注重文章的完整性和一致性的同时，也需要文章有精彩的内容。可是文章篇幅有限，我们仅仅需要熟练地应用几个不同的句型，就一定会给评分人留下很深刻的印象了句子中的修辞

我们看看下边的几个例句：

1. Knowledge will never lie。

知之为知之，不知为不知，是智也。

这个句子使用了拟人的修辞手法，赋予了knowledge生命，形象化了知识的严谨性，同时也避免了直接翻译的繁琐冗长。

2. That information comes very impressively to everyone in the job market。

那一信息使所有正在找工作的人为之一震。

这个句子也间接使用了拟人的手法，人性化了Information这个词，come可以把人们接受信息的过程表达的更生动。

3. Confidence never fails to play a significant role in your entire life。

自信在你一生中扮演极其重要的角色。

这个句子中never和fail表示双重否定，用以加强肯定的成分。

这几种句子中的修辞手法都可以使句子的意思表达起来更生动，让人读起来容易接受，同时也避免了直接翻译的很多缺点。

强调句的应用和举例说明

孔子《论语》中的这个经典语句可谓家喻户晓，一句“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”道出了中华民族作为礼仪之邦的特点。在托福中，这句话可以应用在关于friendship的文章，这句话直译过来说的是：有朋友从很远的地方来看你难道不是一件很开心的事情吗?通过中文理解，我们知道这句话所强调的部分是：一件很开心的事情。“开心”有很多词汇可以选择，常用的有happy和glad，高级一点的有enjoyable和pleasant，再高级一点的还有incredible和delightful。应用到实际写作中，可以使用it is 做一个强调句来凸显这句话的特点，例如：

It’s delightful to have friends from distant lands。

在这个句子中，除了deightful以外，其他句子成分都很平常，每个人都会写，所以即使是评卷人看到这个句子也不会觉得稀奇，那么作为强调句，恰好是delightful这个词，代表了一种发自心底的喜悦和开心，让读过这个句子的人都有眼前一亮的感觉，这也就达到了强调句的作用。然而happy和glad也都有快乐之意，但是和delightful相比就显得不够级别了，明显高兴的程度不一样，delightful更能显示一种喜悦带来的兴奋，迎接千里迢迢来访的朋友这样的表达最恰当不过了。可以起到强调作用的句型结构有很多，我们能够用到的同位语从句和倒装句都有这样的作用，例如：

It is an undeniable fact that human activities harm the Earth。

这句话中that后边引导的就是要强调的内容，即an undeniable fact. 为了突出harm the Earth是一个不可否认的事实，做成这样一个句子。

Only through effective measures can the government resolve the dispute。

这句话强调的就是only后边的effective measures，而且翻译过来是只有同过有效的措施，强调的唯一性，无二法门。

为什么要倒装

从字面上解释，倒装句子的特点就是把句子倒过来说，这样的解释过于直白但却很实际。根据英语(论坛)句型结构特点，因为要强调才会选择去倒装。我们看看下边的两个例子：

1. So severe is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it。

2. So amazing are these crewmembers that they have successfully accomplished space walk。

句子中划线的部分就是倒装结构的重点强调所在，关于倒装句的作用，前边已然讲过，这里就不多说了。在TOEFL的具体应用中，我们需要在写作实践里进行检验。

Only through education can we rise in the world。

Only by receiving education can we rise in the world。

从句什么时候使用

在托福写作中，从句句型还是应用比较广泛的，常用的主语、宾语从句，定语从句，还有我们讲过的同位语从句。我见过的托福写作范文中，包括CBT和IBT的两类作文，段落中从句出现的频率都是很高的，尤其是第一段introduction中，一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句，例如：some people claim that… 在文章的主体部分中，为了体现句式的变化，各种从句交替应用就显得很重要;即使在iBT导入了first draft的概念之后，对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求，需要体现完整性和统一性。有一点值得注意，从句虽好，但不宜过多重复，这就好像美酒虽好，但不要贪杯的道理一样。好钢用在刀刃上，从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：

1. Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle。

宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。

2. Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children。

定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的。

3. As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself。

状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成做一天和尚撞一天钟。

4. When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study。

时间状语从句，例句中的应用表示了“当谈到…的时候”，这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式，口语和书面语都可以使用，推荐各位掌握。

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

假设你的文章字数是400字，那么你大概要写40～50个句子。把这40～50个句子，排成编号，从第1个到第40个，也就是从文章的第一句话到最后一句话，你都知道要写什么，并且知道怎么写，甚至每个句子你都掌握了2～3个漂亮的句式，这样你还担心自己拿不到高分吗?再假设，这40～50个句子，你有50%都已经是固定句式了，也就是成了自己的写作套路，那么你还愁文章写不完么?比如说，我总是喜欢在文章最后一句 话 说 ：In a word， it is rather superficial to simply say that……+观点，给个真题例子：In a word， it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers。用一句话说，简单地认为父母是最好的老师是相当肤浅的。大家想一想，任何事情simply say都可以说是相当肤浅的。因此这句话就是一句比较万能的结束语。这句话怎么来的呢?这是官方题库里的第2篇，是我和大家在课上积累来的。只要大家一起努力，我们一定会成功提炼出自己的高分模版。

data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time

在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time

持续变化的data在不同情况下:

增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...

减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...

波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...

稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...

最常用的两种表达法：

动词 + 副词形式

形容词 + 名词形式

1. Verb+Adverb form

The number of XXX

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...

+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...

+from to / between and

2. Adjective+Noun form

There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation

+in the number of XXX from to / between and

描述稳定的data：

The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and

The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and

实际上，大作文的第一段是情景铺垫，建议考生在这一段要点明这篇文章要讨论/解决什么问题及问题的背景。作文的首段通常包含以下几个方面：

1)场景或背景信息，即题目中出现的phenomenon。

2)一些人的观点，这部分在改写文章首段时可要可不要，考生可按照自己的情况来安排。

3)个人观点，这一部分在有些文章的开首段中也可以不要。

大作文要求字数至少达到250字，在写作中考虑到字数的合理安排，第一段最好写3-5句话，大约40字左右，并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么话都说完。因此专家总结出大作文开首方式通常有以下几种情况：

1)题目中包含了背景信息，有时也出现一些人的观点，并且题目中字数较多。这种情况下最保险的办法是将题目中的背景信息及一些人的观点重新表达，可以做：

●主动语态被动语态

●主谓宾主系表

●某些近义词互换

Example:

At present, it is hard for college students to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. To what extent do you agree?

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….