有关孝道的英文文章【推荐20篇】

air pollution comes from factories, power stations and cars. chemicals in the smoke from power stations cause a lot of damage. they can travel hundreds of miles in the wind before falling to the ground in the rain. but this "chemical rain" gradually destroys trees in the forests and kills fish in the lakes. in germany, over 50% of the country’s trees had been damaged by the year 1986.

time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air. in 1986 there was a bad accident at a nuclear power station in russia. a cloud of radiation crossed the whole of europe. it is said that 125,000 people died in russia as a result of illnesses caused by this accident.

in 1984 there was a serious accident at a factory in india and a cloud of dangerous gas covered the town of bhopal. over 2,500 people were killed that night, and hundreds of thousands of people were injured. many of the injured lost their sight.

Dear Teacher：

I am just writing to say thank you.thank you for teaching us things we need to learn, thank you for being there for us when we have any problems, thanks for your devotion and willingness to help us, thank you for the love youve shown to us.

I am lucky to have a teacher like you. and no matter what kind of person i will become, you will always have your influence on me. You taught me how to study, how to live and even how to be a man. From you I learned what kind of person i want to be and what should i get from life. this means everything to me.

My dear teacher, no matter what you will always have a special place in my heart and i will remember what i have learned from you and carry the knowleges through my life!

有两则关于同一条英语谚语Blood is thicker than water的译例。其一是“清水不浓血却浓”，其二是“血浓于水”。从字面上看，上述两则译例译得固然不错，似无可厚非。译文读起来很顺，又比较易懂，但读后似有不知所云之感。

这是因为译文的形象没能准确地传达出这条谚语的喻义来。

Longman Dictionary of English Idioms（p.28）上对这条谚语的解释是“The relationship between people of the same family is stronger than other，relationships”因此，这则谚语似可以借用汉语中一句俗语“亲不亲一家人”来译更能表达出“属于同一血缘关系的一家人比别人更亲近一些”的寓意。

语言是文化的表现形式。谚语同文学作品、诗歌一样是语言的精华。英语谚语是富于色彩的语言形式，一般具有生动形象、喻义明显、富于哲理的语言特征。在一定程度上，英语谚语反映了英语民族的文化特点。因此，翻译英语谚语时，仅仅以语言之间词汇的同义性（等价性）为前提，寻求对等的表现是不够的。译者须较多运用汉语的表现手段，力求能再现英语谚语的语言风格和丰富内涵。只有多注意英语谚语字面以外所特有的语言内涵色彩，才能使译文讽喻得当，宜于说理，又不失原来谚语所具有的语言形象。

某些英语谚语和汉语成语、俗语在表现形式和含义方面是一致的或基本一致的。汉译这些英语时，可惜用与其喻义相同或相近的成语或谚语及俗语直接对译。这样不但可以比较好地保持原文的神韵和形式，又使译文易于为读者或听者接受。如：

Pride comes before a fall．骄兵必败。

Amiss is as good as a mile.差之毫厘，失之千里。

Two is company，but three is none.两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚无水吃。

Walls have ear.隔墙有耳。

Enough is as good as a feast．知足常乐。

有些英语谚语虽然在语言习惯和文化背景方面和其相对的汉语谚语之间存在着某些差异，而且所比喻的事物并不一样，但他们的喻义却相互吻合，而且表达方式也很相似，汉译这些英语谚语时，常常需要“易其形式，存其精神”，即采用形象近似的汉语成语意译。这样可使译文既喻义明显，又含而不露，且可再现原文所具有的语言效果，容易达意。如：

Two can play the game.孤掌难鸣。

Newbroom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。

Speak of the devil，and he appears.说曹操，曹操到。

The grass is greener on the other side of the hill．这山望着那山高。

Putting the cart before the horse.本末倒置。

有些英语谚语意在言外，语言含蓄，寓意深刻。如果仅从字面意义直译成汉语，而不领会原文的具体含义及其效果，译文势必平淡无味。这样既不能表达意思，又有损于原文的语言形象和丰富内涵。因此，在翻译时，应在汉语中寻找那些与原文喻义相同或效果相似的成语、谚语或俗语来表达，则会使译文形象生动，准确达意。试比较下列各译例。

People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.如译成“住在玻璃房子里的人，不应扔石头”不如译成“己有过，勿正人”或“责人必先责己”。

In fair weather prepare for the foul．如译成“晴天要防阴天”，不如译成“有备无患”或“居安思危”或“未雨绸缪”。

Murder will out．如译成“谋杀终必败露”，不如译成“纸包不住火”。

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread．如译成“愚者敢闯天使不敢去的地方”，不如译成“初生牛犊不怕虎”。

One cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.如译成“想吃煎蛋卷，就得打鸡蛋”，不如译成工“有得必有失”或甚至可以引申为“不破不立”。

如果所要翻译的谚语喻义清新，形象逼真，按其字面直译其意，就能表达出原文的喻义来，则可直译。这样做既能较完整地保存原文的表达方式，且又可丰富我们自己的语言文化，一举两得，请看下面的译例。

God helps those who help themselves.上帝帮助那些自己帮助自己的人。或“自助者天助之”。

Money is the root of all evil．金钱是万恶之源。

An empty sack cannot stand upright．空袋立不直。

Do as you would be done by. 以你所期望的别人待你的方式待人。

这与另一谚语： Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others do unto you.“己所不欲勿施于人”很相似。

Money talks.钱能通神。

有些英语谚语常常采用对称的修辞手段。使用这一修辞手段的目的在于加强语势，宜于说理，读后有心悦诚眼之感。汉译这些谚语时，应适当注意保持其修辞色彩，以便体现原文的表达方式。如：

You may take a horse to the water， but you can’t make it drink．

如果按字面译成，“你可以把马牵到河边去，但不能叫它饮水”至少是没有充分体现这句谚语本身所具有的强烈对比色彩。从语法分析的观点看，在这个句子里，情态动词may和can虽然都表示“可能”的，但在含义上有所不同。这里may表示“事实上的可能性”，而can则表示“逻辑上的可能性”。并列连词but使前后两个分句意义相反，对比色彩强烈。在这种情况下，译文也必须力求对偶整齐，前后呼应，形成对照。如将此句译作“牵马河边易，逼它饮水难”或“老牛不喝水，不能强按头”会更好些。

总之，即使像谚语这样孤立的语句，翻译时也需尽一番揣摩切磋之功，否则译文就可能与原文“貌合神离”，文不达意。译事艰辛也许正在于此。

孝乃我国优秀的传统美德之一。更是有卧冰求鲤、卖身葬父、亲尝药汤、芦衣顺母等许许多多关于孝的故事。

孝可以说在每个物种中都有所体现，如：小羊跪乳、乌鸦反哺等等。然而这种优良美德在现在体现的就不太多了。在大部分的农村中都会有一批孤寡老人，他们一个人或两个人孤独的生活着，他们的子女很长时间不回去一次。在很多人眼里他们的子女是不孝的，因为这些老人的子女很长时间都没有陪过老人了吗。但是这些子女真的是不想陪这些老人吗？答案当然是否定的。现在的农村不像以前那样每一家都有大片的地可以种，种地所获得的根本就不够一大家子的开销，尤其是近两年农村的种地面积更小了。所以这些子女并不是不想陪这些老人。在他们这些人眼里为老人尽孝就是多挣钱，为老人多买一些东西，好让老人高兴。

而有的孝不是体现在物质上面的。我的姥爷曾经给我们几个表兄弟说过这样一句话：“我能坐上你们买的小汽车就心满意足了。”这是老人对晚辈的一种期望，如果你完成了老人的这些愿望，那么老人就会非常的高兴，这就是一种孝。老人看到这些晚辈的成就，发出的内心的欢喜就是他们最好的礼物，比金钱要好的多。这种孝比任何一种都要让老人高兴，但是如果有时间了还是要多陪陪老人，毕竟老人单独在家是非常孤独的，特别是经常在外打工的子女的父母，他们在家里没有人陪他们，只能在家里看看电视。但是他们并不是想要这种生活，老人来说他们最向往的生活就是每到子女下班到家的时候和子女说说话、听子女讲他们在上班的时候的趣闻，节假日的时候和子女一起出去游玩、坐在一起好好的吃一顿饭。而不是接到子女加班的电话，每当老人接到这样的电话的时候心就会凉一大半。

所谓的孝并不只是给老人足够的物质生活，相反要给老人更多心灵上的慰藉，只有这样老人才会真正的开心快乐。俗话说得好：百善孝为先。只有把孝道尽好，一切都会顺利，如果孝道都没有尽好，那就说明这个人的品德就有些许的瑕疵。

夫孝，天之经也，地之义也。尽好孝道是我们的本分。

we are opposed to that theory.

socialism, which is perfectly clear and unmistakable, says the thing you have got to take care of is your distribution.

we have to begin with that, and private property, if it stands in the way of good distribution, has got to go.

a man who holds public property must hold it on the pub1ic condition on which, for instance, i carry my walking stick.

i am not al1owed to do what i like with it.i must not knock you on the head with it.

we say that if distribution goes wrong, everything else goes wrong-religion, morals - government.

and we say, therefore (this is the whole meaning of our socialism}, we must begin with distribution and take all the necessary steps.

i think we are keeping it in our minds because our business is to take care of the distribution of wealth in the worid1 and i tell you, as i have told you be fore, that i don’t think there are two men, or perhaps one man, in our 47,000,000 who approves of the existing distribution of wealth.

i will go even further and say that you will not find a single person in the whole of the civilized world who agrees with the existing system of the distribution of wealth.

it has been reduced to a blank absurdity.

i think the day will come when we will be able to make the distinction between us and the capitalists.

we must get certain leading ideas before the people.

we should announce that we are not going in for what was the old-fashioned idea of redistribution, but the redistribution of income.

let it always be a question of income.

i have been very happy here to night.

i entirely understand the distinction made by our chairman to night when he said you hold me in social esteem and a certain amount of personal affection.

i am not a sentimental man, but l am not 1nsensible to all that.

i know the value of all tl1at, and it gives me, now that 1 have come to the age of seventy (it will not occur again and i am saying it for the first time), a great fee1ing of pleasure that l can say what a good many people can’t say.

[他的生日到了英文作文

文章事料，又称文章质料，宽泛一点也可称文章材料，不过从文章学角度来看，应该叫文章事料或文章质料。所谓文章事料，是指文章内容的客观依据，即文章的事实材料和理论材料。

文章事料是多种多样的。作者亲身体验感受过的，从生活中直接采撷的，是直接事料；不是亲身经历，而是从书报刊网络或其他渠道获得的，是间接事料；现实生活中刚发生的或仍在继续发展的，是现实事料；现实生活中发生既久或在历史上早已发生的，是历史事料。人、事、景、物是感性事料；公理、原理、法则、定律等是理性事料。简而言之，人物、事件、场景、物体、数据、道理等一切被用来写进文章的特殊的“材料”，都叫文章事料。

文章因事料而得以丰满，所以我们说事料是文章的血肉。

文章意旨，是指文章所表达的基本思想、情感态度，或文章中描述的事物事件所蕴含的基本倾向、基本道理。这种意旨是就文章总体的思想、倾向和道理等而说的，因此意旨又可称为主旨；如果是文章片段呢？意旨则指整个片段的意旨。

Easter is celebrated by exchange of Easter Eggs and other nifty gifts.Gift range may vary from anything between money,clothes,chocolate or go on holidays together.Some people make Easter bonnets or baskets,which have things like daffodils in them or mini eggs.Children sometimes go to a local community center to enter an Easter bonnet competition to see whose bonnet is the best and the winner gets an Easter egg.

The Easter bunny is very much a part of the Easter tradition in British.The shops are filled with thousands which people buy to give to each other.The Easter bunny hides the eggs in the houses and children on Easter Sunday search to find these treats.

Hot-cross buns are popular foods on Good Friday.These are sweet fruit buns with crosses on top.Some people still make these with yeast,but shops now sell dozens in the week before Easter.

复活节的彩蛋和其他漂亮的礼物交换庆祝.礼物的范围可能会有所不同从任何钱,衣服,巧克力或一起去度假.有些人做复活节帽子或篮子,其中有像水仙花或小鸡蛋.孩子们有时会去当地的社区中心参加复活节帽比赛看谁的帽子是最好的,获胜者可以得到一个复活节彩蛋.

复活节兔子是英国的很大一部分,复活节的传统.商店挤满了成千上万的人买给对方.复活节兔子的皮的鸡蛋在房子和孩子们在复活节的星期日,搜索这些治疗.

十字面包是在星期五受欢迎的食物.这些都是甜的水果面包的十字架上.有些人仍然把这些酵母,但商店现在出售数十名在复活节前的一周.

对于十八九就忙着相亲找对象，二十一二就忙着谈婚论嫁的农村来说，我确定，我错过了，错过了相亲的黄金季。二十五岁，不老也不小的年纪，有点尴尬的年纪。

零六年下学，那年我十八，正是农村所谓的相亲大好时机。但那时就打心底反感那些事。十八九，二十一二，不正是人生最美妙最朝气蓬勃的年龄段吗？何不趁如此美妙年华朝着自己的梦想勇敢努力的去闯闯？干嘛要这么早就把自已的人生给定了局？真的很想不通！二十一二甚至十八九岁的那些‘爸妈们’你们的梦呢？你们的理想呢？你们的人生目标呢？难道你们的人生目标就是成为一个年轻的家长吗？……好吧，就算抛开那些在农村不太实际较沉重的大道理不说，你们真的长大了？成熟了？说得再活泼点，你们真的玩够了？十八九，二十一二，也许人家城里的孩子正准备着进入大学，去吮吸更丰硕更饱满的知识甘露，让自己更加成熟更加充实。也许有的正准备出国留学，移民去深造……哪有什么结婚生子！甚至连恋爱都不去考虑。也难怪大部分的成功人士都来自城里，心态决定成败嘛！

在农村，没上好学，外出打工，打工几年，回家相亲。至于相亲吧，又那么势俗：只看对方家庭条件和外貌。一旦成了吧，就会按习俗一套一套的接着办下去，很快，孩子就会出生。有可能，又过着和上一辈一样的生活——没上好学，外出打工，打工几年，回家相亲……真的就像诗人穆旦所写的那样：没有理想的人，像是草木，在春天生发，到秋日枯黄。没有理想的人像是流水，为什么听不见它的歌唱，原来它已为现实的泥沙，逐渐淤寒，变为污浊的池塘……

感慨！无奈！又想笑！毕竟我也是农村的孩子。在村里，我是绝对的“大龄”青年了。父母那着急的良苦用心，我也能理解。所以，明知要相亲的对象过不了心里那关，还是一次次徘徊在相亲的路上。就像网络上某个段子里说的那样：我不是在相亲，就是在相亲的路上……即使麻木了，也还得去，因为父母理解的孝顺就是一切一切的顺从才叫孝顺！唉！无奈！其实，还是向往爱情的，就像刘德华的歌里唱得那样：无情无爱此生又何必！

对于三十而立，我想我应该是“立”不起来了。到如今事业没有，理想还没追到手，金钱嘛少得可怜……几年的折腾并没有让我摆托农村女孩的宿命，所以回到老家想“随俗”找个年龄相当的对象的，但遗憾的是他们不仅都已名草有主，而且大多升级当爹！

唉！无奈！无奈这老家的习俗！

Mr Smith and his son Jim rent a boat from Mr Green. They find a very good place and catch a lot of fish. Now it is   late and they are going home.

Jim says, “I’ll come here again tomorrow.”

“Yes, me too.” say his father. “But how can we get      back and find the right place again?” “I can make a    mark   on the side of the boat.” Jim answers.

The father laughs and says, “No, that’s foolish! Mr Green won’t give us the same boat next time.”

【释义】

史密斯先生和他的儿子吉姆，从格林先生那里租了一条船。他们找到了一个非常好的地方并抓到了许多鱼。天色已经很晚了，他们要回家了。

吉姆说：“我明天还要再来这里。”

“是的，我也是。”他的父亲说。“但是我们怎么回来并找到正确的地方呢?”“我可以在船的一侧做个记号。”吉姆回答道。

父亲大笑说道：“不那太愚蠢了!格林先生下次不会给我们同一条船的。”

以前，我在家里是一个什么都不做的人，我的妈妈叫我做什么家务都不干，不会扫地，不会晒衣服。过着公主般的生活。但有一件事让我懂得了孝敬父母。

有一次，我们全家去探访表姨，表姨有两个小孩，听我的妈妈说，一个女儿特别懂事，成绩又好，儿子也很乖，经常帮她我的妈妈干活。但她们的我的妈妈身体不好，这几天一直在生病，不能起床，所以我我的妈妈就叫我们一起去探望她。

我们提着一大堆东西来到表姨家，表妹看到我们来了，很热情地把我们请进去，我一看，家里整整齐齐的，地也干净得发亮，他弟弟也乖乖坐在椅子上看书，不像我弟弟，我我的妈妈在拖地，他就到处捣乱。她像个大人一样地招呼我们，请我们坐下后，就去给我们一人倒了杯水，我我的妈妈在我面前说：“你看看人家，比你小，又比你懂事，什么活都会干，哪像你，什么都不会。”她说：“哪里，哪里。”她边说边洗了些水果给我们吃。我心想：她真的很厉害，有照顾两个人，不像我，什么都不会，学习成绩又不好，又不孝敬父母，我也要像她一样！

回到家后，我对我的妈妈说：“您休息一下吧！我来帮你扫地，拖地，晒衣服，还有我自己的事情，自己来做吧！”周末的事候，如果作业写完了，我就会帮我的妈妈做饭菜，亲手做饭给全家吃。现在，我什么家务都会做了，我的妈妈叫我干家务，我也会很高兴去做了。我真要谢谢我表妹让我懂得了孝敬父母。

无鸡不清，无肉不鲜，无鸭不香，无肘不浓

——题记

民以食为天，食以精为美，精以意为首。说起饮食文化。我想，难忘莫过那次。

我跟他的相识，是在一次吃宴上。一进正厅，就瞧见五张桌子呈梅花状摆放。那是客家人设宴惯用的八仙桌。需要依辈份排列座次。席间礼规繁多，小辈需给长辈敬菜敬酒等。我和其他几个同龄伙伴一脸的不耐烦。而他，看样子却乐在其中。于是，我对他产生了浓厚的兴趣。众多繁文礼节结束后。我夹起一块鸡肉，边吃边问坐在边上的他“你好像对这些繁文礼节挺感兴趣的？”他咬着筷子的一端，对我说：“不对，是饮食文化。比如说，你知道为什么每次设宴都有鸡么？是因为客家人有‘无鸡不成宴’之说，另外呢，鸡又与吉祥的吉同音。又取鸡为掌管人间吉祥之鸟之意。所以……”他对我得意的挑了挑眉，我则是对他鄙视的撇了撇嘴。

坐在另一桌子上的太太听到了我们的谈话，笑着点了点头，赞扬的说道：“不错。”我不甘的对他挑衅的说：“知道上席的那个位置为什么是空的么？那是因为上席需留空位于已故祖先，以示敬礼。客家菜的用料你又知道么？它讲究鲜嫩，讲究野生、家养、粗种；加工讲究煮，煲，炖，讲究粗刀大块。”

他对我略有些冲突的话不以为然。张口就道：“客家人十分好客，每当亲朋戚友到来，他们都喜欢以家酿米酒相待。斟酒时，是按尊卑长幼次序先后斟酒，最后给自己斟。酒斟好后，酒壶嘴不能对着客人，要对着自己。否则就是失礼。”听完他的话，我张了张口，肚子里头实在没有墨水了。便低头不语，坐在我另一旁跟我玩得较好的花花，帮助我摆脱了困境。她对他说：“客家人一是选料讲求野生家养粗种的食物，即没有污染的“绿色食品”；二是烹调方法采用煮、煲、蒸和炖等居多，不破坏食物的营养与纤维；三是极少添加甚至不加过重过浓的佐料，一般用葱蒜调味；四是膳食讲究养生保健的效用，多用民间中草药材入菜，用于调理阴阳，清热解毒。你，知道么？”她得意地笑了笑。

他没有半点慌张，从容不迫的说道：“时至今日，客家菜的创新不外乎体现在三方面：一是从蒸、炖、煲、酿等传统客家烹饪方法到借鉴其它菜系流派的煎、炒、炸等技法；二是从只采用野生粗养的家禽肉类等为原料到采用山珍海味等高档食品为材料；三是由过去外形古朴、花色简单到追求今天的色、香、味、形俱佳，知道这意味着什么么？”我的头猛地抬了起来：“这说明梅州客家菜在不断地博采众长、推陈出新呗。”

周围的人笑了起来，整个正厅充满了欢声笑语。

殷老师，我有一些话想对您说，可一见到您，我的话又一下子“吞”了下去。所以，我就想在作文中一吐为快：“老师，您太偏心了。”

小何、小陈和小詹是老师主任的子女，所以平时犯下了一些错误，您也不太管。一些差生忘了带作业，您就对他们严厉批评。可是小何、小陈和小詹忘了带作业时，您却和颜悦色地说：“没关系，下午带来就行了。”

您还记得吗？最近校长要竞选大队候选人，要求每个班必须选2至3个人作为大队候选人，您却选了他们三个。品学兼优的小刘您不选、勤奋好学的小文您不选、文学多才的小声您不选、博览群书的小林您不选，为什么偏要选他们呢？

更可气的是，您在介绍牌上写：乐于助人、文明礼貌、积极举手......可是，他们都没有这些优点，为什么要“打肿脸充胖子”呢？

今天下午就是候选的时间了。他们一脸兴奋地去，高高兴兴地回来，我想：为什么他行而我不行？

老师，您不要太偏心了。您若为了那丰厚的奖金和校长主任们的夸奖，那太不应该了。做人要正直，不能为利益而行动。您没有听说过吗？大公无私是圣人；大私无公是小人。此时，我想对大家说：“我们要公平！”

My hometown is beautiful place It stands near a wide river at the foot of

low green hills. It has many tall buildings and wide streets. There are trees

and flowers everywhere.But it has not always been like that. In the old days, it was a sad dirty

little town. Landlords and merchants lived in the few good houses.For the working people there were only dark, unhealthy rooms in old

buildings and huts in narrow muddy streets. Nearly everyone was poor and many

had no work.Everything has changed since liberation. The people, led by the Party, have

got rid of the mud and dirt. They have put up schools, theaters, shops and

flats. They have an assembly hall and a hospital.Along the river they have built offices, hotels and parks. A lot of

factories have sprung up. On the river, streamers and boats come and go busily,

day and night. They carry the products of our industries to all parts of the

country.I love my hometown, and I love its people. They also have changed. Healthy

and happy, they are going all out to build socialism.

Ocean marine pollution is from domestic sewage and municipal refuses. When the pesticides went into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web.

About 60 percent of cities are polluted in China. The rubbishes are everywhere. And the air pollution is also very serious. Exhaust fumes, household garbage and industrial refuse all can make our city dirty. So, don’t spitting ,don’t litter, don’t graffiti on the wall!Forest

The forests are being destroyed now. Acid rain, big fire and saws always break the forests unfeelingly, so, they are in danger . The number of forests are becoming less and less. Let’s plant trees and protect the forests together!River

There are many things in the river, like newspaper , oil, chemicals and heavy metal. If we drink the water that’s from the polluted river, we will get sick or die. And the plants which is near this river will die. So, don’t sewage effluent into the river!

dear mr __，

尊敬的__先生:

thank you very much for the interview yesterday。 i learned a great deal

about your pany， its major projects， and its ambitious plans for future

development in shenzhen。

十分感谢您昨日的面试。我了解到许多有关贵公司的状况，它的主要产品以及未来在深圳的宏大发展计划。

i believe i am fully qualified for the work you described。 my e__perience

with __ corporation is directly related to the work you are offering。 also， my

academic background and the training i received as an administrative assistant

provide a strong base for further development。

我自信完全有资格承担您所描述的工作。我在__公司的经验与贵方带给的工作直接相关。而且我的教育背景和所受的行政助理方面的培训，为我带给了进一步发展的坚实基础。

thanks again for the interview。 i look forward to hearing from you

soon。

再次感谢您的面试。期望尽早得到您的消息。

sincerely yours，

__x

Nowadays, some students don’t help their parents do housework at home.

Some parents love their children too much and don’t let them work at home. On one hand, they think that their children are too busy with their studies and expect them to do well in their lessons only. On the other hand, they think their children don’t know how to do the housework.

However, I think students should help their parents do housework at home. First, that can develop their love for work. Next, that can help them understand their parents better. Last and the most important, that can help them cultivate their ability to live.

The spring festival is Chinese most traditional festival every 365 days. Each Chinesepay much attention on it. Every year about 15 days before spring festival， themigrate works and white-collars are beginning crowded home-returning.

But， in recent years， with the development of the world， many different attitudes between the young and the old towards the spring festival come forth. The old are still pay more attention to the spring festival， but the young gradually change the mode to spend their spring festival holiday， such as travel overseas.

When I am a childhood， I celebrated the spring festival with my family about amonth in my winter vacation in traditional way， such as helping cleaning our houses， putting red couplets on gates， setting off firecrackers， and wear new clothes. Now， I spend only 4 or 5 days at home with my parents in celebrating thespring festival， then I will hurry back to work. Maybe in the near future， I will have no time celebrating spring festival hometown， and my parents have to cometo stay with us in the city.

Whether or no， I like the spring festival. It is one of the most important part of our Chinese culture. However busy I am， I will try my best to celebrating it with thetraditional way to protect those our ancestor has leave behind.

Last week, I received a post card from my friend, which was from Thailand,

I felt so excited, because I always wanted to travel abroad. So I was so eager

to talk to my friend. She showed me the sceneries. I found different sceneries

in different cities. For the first time, I saw the outside world so closely. I

want to explore the world and know more about this planet. I realized the

importance of learning English. If I master more words, then I can communicate

with the local people and learn about their culture. From now on, I must study

hard. When I have the chance to travel abroad, I can have a trip.

in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up

From this point of view …

On account of this we can find that …

The result is dependent on …

Thus, this is the reason why we must…

中国文化之博大精深，从绵延数千年的中国传统服饰艺术传承中可见一斑。近读由上海书画出版社出版、中国古代服饰史学者高春明先生著的《锦绣文章——中国传统织绣纹样》，更加深了这一印象。《锦绣文章——中国传统织绣纹样》集作者逾三十年学问之积累，厚积薄发，系统、全面地梳理了作为服饰文化特殊语言的中国传统织绣纹样的沿革、构成和特征。1200余幅弥足珍贵的传世纹样精品编就了美轮美奂的锦绣文章，其为传承和弘扬中华文明所付出的努力真是艰辛。

日记

中国传统织绣纹样源出古老的中华文化，与中国传统陶瓷纹样、铜器纹样、玉雕纹样、建筑纹样等异曲同工，折射了中华文明的别样风采。作者认为，纹样孕育于中国特定的文化土壤，富于政治、经济、宗教、哲学及民俗学意义，意境深远。中国传统织绣纹样之于政治，乃社会人等身份品级不可僭越的礼制规定：万千纹样上下亲疏有别，维系着政治和伦理秩序；纹样之于经济，反映了不同历史时期的生产方式、经济模式、技术水准乃至生活水平：自远古时代茹毛饮血的渔猎，及至农业社会自给自足的耕稼，纹样的题材、风格、配色、造型莫不与时俱进，彰显时代的变迁；纹样之于宗教，集中表现了华夏先民的自然崇拜、图腾崇拜和生殖崇拜：日、月、星辰、山、龙、华虫、宗彝、藻、火、粉米、黼、黻十二章纹凝聚了人们对于自然神力的虔诚信仰；而龙图腾兼具恐鳄、惊蛇、爱豚、赞鹿、羡鹰之精神寄托，进而升华为中华民族的共同象征，其纹样成为至尊之代表；崇尚生命繁衍的生殖图腾则以抓鸡娃娃、鲤鱼闹莲、凤戏牡丹、交颈鸳鸯、榴开百子、蝶恋花等谐趣无穷、浮想联翩的借代纹样广为流传……

作者舒展了哲学思维，他写到，中国传统织绣纹样设计汲中华古代文明中的阴阳五行学说之精华，在造型、布局及配色方面娴熟巧妙地运用了对立统一的法则，营造出富于辩证变化且又和谐始终、回味无穷的绝妙意境，堪称中华文化风格的杰出体现。在造型上，中国传统织绣纹样的形体构成无不依阴阳变化之律，或刚柔相济，如该书所举湖北江陵马山楚墓出土之龙凤虎纹绣衣；或动静结合，如民间常见之飞蝶花卉纹、明清帝王龙袍及百官蟒袍下脚之海水疆牙纹；或曲直相间，如敦煌莫高窟出土之北魏忍冬团巢龟背纹刺绣花边、明清常见之冰梅纹；或屈伸交感，如唐代之卷草纹；或具象和抽象互现，如新疆吐鲁番阿斯塔那北朝至唐墓出土之方格兽纹锦、隋唐之连珠纹锦、宋之八答晕和明之天华锦……其有机结合巧夺天工，浑然一体而又毫不做作。在布局上，中国传统织绣纹样的排列充满了虚与实、聚与散、大与小、疏与密的对比和变化，貌似对立的组合取得了生动的和谐。中国传统织绣纹样的配色同样不同凡响，明暗、冷暖、纯度和色相对比强烈，协调有度，在一张一弛间充满变化，予人以一种美学享受。中华文明崇尚的“天地人和”，在中国传统织绣纹样中得到了完美的诠释。

作者的研究功力在对于中国传统织绣纹样发展史的把握中反映出来。1929年河南安阳殷墟小屯出土的戈形兵器上，有明显的织物印纹；1950年安阳武官村殷墓出土的铜戈上，有丝绢印痕；其他墓葬出土的铜爵、铜觚、铜钺等器物上，也屡见丝织物印痕，甚至连织物上的回纹、条纹和雷纹，都清晰可辨。近30年来，战国、秦汉时期的丝织品文物出土颇多，尤以湖北江陵马山楚墓、湖南长沙马王堆汉墓为大宗，这些丝织品色彩丰富，纹样精美，组织复杂。汉代以后，提花技术不断进步。唐代的提花技术更为精湛，丝织物花纹硕大丰满，色彩富丽。常见的绫锦花样有盘龙、对凤、拱麟、狮子、天马、孔雀、仙鹤、芝草、双胜以及吉祥文字等，史籍中有不少记载，实物也有大量发现。宋元以后，有关织造工艺的文献记载更为丰富，元代薛景石的《梓人遗制》、明代宋应星的《天工开物》、徐光启的《农政全书》和清代杨屾风广义》等著作不仅对织机的构造、织工的操作有详尽叙述，而且有附图，为人们了解古代织造方面的情况，提供了珍贵的形象资料。明清时期丝织物传世颇多，织绣纹样进一步发展变化，完整的织机也有传存，在南京、苏州及杭州等地，至今还保留着花镂机提花的传统工艺。刺绣与织造不同，刺绣在已经织出的布帛上另作加工，用绣针牵引彩线，按设计好的图样刺扎出花纹。刺绣纹样同样源远流长，绚丽斑斓。从历史传承的角度研究中国传统织绣纹样的发展，更见其历史的穿透力、文化的凝聚力和艺术的感染力。 （1）（2）

我们的祖先创造了灿烂的文明。《锦绣文章——中国传统织绣纹样》所传递的和谐之美，仅仅使我们领略了宝库的一角。发掘优秀的民族遗产，薪传中华文化之炬于不灭，这是义不容辞的职责，也是创建和谐社会的一个基本任务。期待有更多作者像高春明先生一样，遨游历史，树魂立根，为今天的读者尤其是青年读者奉献更多、更丰富多彩的精神佳肴，谱写出无愧于时代的锦绣文章，引领人们追求更为美好的未来。

[《锦绣文章——中国传统织绣纹样》读后感作文

my dearest mother，

the mother‘s day is coming and i would like to say “happy mother’s day” in

this letter. i love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me.

this day，i will stay away and can‘t give you my appreciation at home. i know i

will watch myself，so don’t worry about me. i am doing very well on my study. my

schoolmates and teachers are all very nice. though i can‘t be at home， i hope

you have a wonderful mother’s day.love，

your son