关于保护水资源的英语作文【通用20篇】

Cars and Air Pollution

Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death.

One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.

On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists.

henry ford didn’t always pay attention in school. one day ,he and a friend took a watch apart. angry and upset, the teacher told him both to stay after school. their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch. but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius. in ten minutes, this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home..

ford was always interested in how things worked. he once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire. then he waited to see what would happen. the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam. since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded. the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window. the young inventor was badly scalded

ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off. he dreamed of a horseless carriage. when he built one, the world of transportation was changed forever.

“水是人类的生命之泉，珍惜水资源，就是珍惜我们的生命”。近年来，由于环境严重污染，地球只剩下百分之一的饮用水，所以我想发明一个“多功能水资源保护机器人”，能把雨水、海水直接净化成可饮用水，它还能监护环境防止坏人破毁。

“多功能水资源保护机器人”能把雨水收集起来，转化成饮用水。别看这个“人”很小，它把头顶的“雨水收集器”打开，就像一顶倒放的太阳伞，晶莹的雨珠像调皮的小精，掉进了“雨水收集器”里，机器人身上有个接口，可以直接跟自来水管道上的阀门对接，这样雨水就源源不断地流入自来水系统里啦。

“多功能水资源保护机器人”还可以把大海里的盐水，通过它身体里面的转化系统，变成可以喝的饮用水，这样船只在海上航行再也不用担心没淡水喝了。

“多功能水资源保护机器人”还有好多功能，如果碰上别人再破坏水资源，它像一条豹子一样，风驰电挚般地冲到破坏水资源的人旁边，一开始，它会用温和的声音提醒那个人，活像一只乖巧的小绵羊一样，如果那个人还不收手，它会用严厉的声音呵斥那个人，如果那个人还不听，“多功能水资源保护机器人”就会直接接通警察局电话，让警察来抓，让他不敢再做坏事。

“多功能水资源保护机器人”有许多好处，能有效保护自然环境，可我们还是要更加珍惜环境，节约用水，让地球永远清洁美丽。

It`s one of the traditional Festivals of Chinese.And it `s a day in honour

to Quyuan,who is one of the greatest poet in China.Qingming is also one of the

24seasonal division points in China.It is may 5th on April in every year.On that

day,people will free of work or school that in memory of their ancestors.Besides

parents will take their children to the countryside,where they may have a

picinc.As the festival is in spring,It`s warm and comfortable,families often go

to parks to fly the kites.

This is the Qingming Festival,I hope you can come here next year during

Qingming Festival.

The Culture of China is home to one of the worlds oldest and most complex

civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic,

philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional

differences provide a sense of diversity, commonalities in language and religion

connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as

Confucianism and Taoism. Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout

most of Imperial Chinas history and strongly influenced other countries in East

Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into

the imperial bureaucracy.

With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the

mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization gained

adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected Chinas cultural

legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and Western

cultures.

China is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups.

Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family.

Because the Han people accounts for more than ninety percent of Chinas

population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as "ethnic

minorities." Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur

peoples comprise the largest ethnic groups. Although Chinas ethnic minorities

do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over

a vast area, residing in every corner of China.

Particularly since the implementation of Chinas opening and reform policy,

the central government has increased investment in minority areas and

accelerated their opening to the outside world. This has resulted in an upsurge

of economic development in these areas. Each of Chinas ethnic minority groups

possesses a distinctive culture. The Chinese government respects minority

customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of

Chinas ethnic minority groups. The government vigorously supports the

development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers,

and fosters the development of traditional minority medicine.

The relation among Chinas ethnic groups can be described as "overall

integration, local concentration, mutual interaction." Concentrations of ethnic

minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside

in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among

Chinas ethnic groups since ancient times. With the development of the market

economy, interaction among ethnic groups has become even more active in the

areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage. Linked by

interdependence, mutual assistance, and joint development, their common goals

and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, Chinas ethnic groups

resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.

and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.

In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.

The earth is the mother of mankind, the earth is our common home. We like clear water, blue sky, like watching seagulls flying; we like ice Piao, like to listen to Greenfield roar; we like to fly warbler grass long, like to listen to birds singing; we like to see the sea in the early morning sunrise, like a few nights at least Stars days. We hope that our earth more beautiful and more beautiful.

However, due to irrational development, because the waste of natural resources, global ecological damage, pollution of all kinds more serious. Now, the world each year 600 million hectares of land become desert, 20 million hectares of forests are disappearing, the average of one hour there is a kind of species extinction. Also, the Earths temperatures are rising, the Antarctic ice cap began to melt, sea-level will continue to rise, many of the worlds coastal cities, islands, and large areas of land will be swallowed seawater. So, care for the environment is our common responsibility. As a small owner of Earth, we have to mind the world, look around. In life without one-time items; in a timely manner wash off the faucet; multi-curved waist do not litter anywhere in the threw peel; more than walk a few steps without crossing the green belt; many people around to remind the attention of environmental protection together.

Environmental protection is a long-term and arduous task, let us start from a small, start now to make our planet more beautiful environment, climate and better!

今天班队课老师给我们讲怎样保护水资源。张老师讲我国的水资源排名世界第四，但是我国的人均水资源仅为世界水平的1/4，是全球人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一，然而，中国又是世界上用水量最多的国家，大约占世界年取用量的13%。我国还有些地方严重缺水，导致土地产生裂缝。很多地方的小朋友喝不到干净的水。

听了张老师的话后，我明白了保护水资源的重要。我们小朋友要从小养成节约用水的好习惯，用水后要马上拧紧水龙头，别让水空流。我们还要珍惜纸张，发展绿化，保护我们的环境。我们要多做宣传，形成一个珍惜水资源、节约水资源、保护水资源的良好社会风尚。

Animals Need Protecting

Everyone knows animals are our friends。 So we should be friendly to them。 But some people kill the rare animals， such as pandas， golden monkeys and so on in order to get money。 It will cause these animals to disappear soon。 I think our government should punish those people severely who kill the rare animals。 It is our duty to protect the endangered animals。

Animals are our good friends. People should be friendly to them. But now, many people in China as well as in the world kill animals in order to get money. Its well known that there are many kinds of rare animals in China, such as pandas, golden monkeys and so on. Some people catch or kill them. They use their furs and skins to make clothes and shoes or eat their meat. As a result, a lot of rare animals have disappeared.

What a pity!

At present, our government have made some plans to punish these people. Recently, some nature parks have been built. Lots of money collected for protecting them. For example, some students put on perfom ances or have other kinds of activities to collect money for rare animals.

Its our duty to protect wild animals. As nature is like a big family, man and animals must live together in it peacefully. We must keep the balance of nature. If we do like this, our world will become better and better.

动物是人类的好朋友，人们应该善待它们，但现在，中国和世界上的许多人为赚钱而捕杀动物。众所周知，中国有许多珍稀动物，如熊猫、金丝猴等。一些人捕杀它们是为了用它们的皮毛制衣制鞋，或是为了食用它们的肉。

结果大量的珍稀动物死亡了，真可惜呀!

目前，我国政府已制定出有关严惩不法分子的法律;近来又建起了一些自然公园;人们：也捐款来支持保护动物的活动，如，有些学生通过义演或用其它方式为保护珍稀动物积极筹款。

我们有义务保护野生动物，因为自然就像一个大家庭，人类和动物必须和平共处：我们必须保持生态平稳。

如果人类能这么做，这个世界就会越来越好。

The Dragon Boat Festival is a lunar (阴历)holiday, occurring (存正)on the fifth

day of the fifth lunar month (农历史五月第五天). Dragon Boat Festival is my favourite

festival.During the holiday of Dragon Boat Festival,I got together with my

family to have a big meal.We ofen ate the zongzi.It tasted very nice.And we saw

the Dragon Boat Races.I felt excited because the race was bustling with noise

and excitement.At Dragon Boat Festival,we also drank realgar wine.Some people

thought drank realgar wine can protect themselves from illness.Dragon Boat

Festival was interesting and I like it very much.

The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is a significant (有意义的)holiday celebrated

(庆祝)in China, and the one with the longest history (历史最悠久). The Dragon Boat

Festival is celebrated by boat races (龙舟赛) in the shape of dragons. Competing

teams (竞争团队) row their boats forward to a drumbeat (击古)racing to reach the

finish end first.

The boat races during the Dragon Boat Festival are traditional customs

(传统习俗)to attempts to (试图)rescue (搭救) the patriotic poet (爱国诗人)Chu Yuan. Chu Yuan

drowned (溺死) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 277 B.C. Chinese

citizens now throw bamboo leaves (竹叶) filled with cooked rice into the

water.

Therefore the fish could eat the rice rather than the hero poet. This later

on turned into the custom of eating tzungtzu and rice dumplings(棕子).

The celebrations is a time for protection (防护) from evil (邪恶) and disease

(疾病) for the rest of the year. It is done so by different practices such as

hanging healthy herbs on the front door, drinking nutritious concoctions (营养品),

and displaying (展示) portraits (画像) of evils nemesis(邪恶报应), Chung Kuei. If one

manages to (成功做...) stand (直立)an egg on its end at exactly 12:00 noon, the

following year will be a lucky one.

Today, people eat bamboo-wrapped steamed glutinous(粘的) rice dumplings

called zongzi (the food originally intended to feed the fish) and race dragon

boats in memory of Qus dramatic death.

一、Save the earth

How to protect theenvironment has become one of the biggest problems in the world .

It’s our duty toprotect our environment .No matter where we live ,we should do something tokeep our neighborhood clean and tidy .We can collect waste paper or otherwaste things for recycling.We should plant more trees and we should preventthose factories from pouring waste water into rivers,lakes and fields.We shouldn’t leave rubbish everywhere andspit in public places .We mustn’t pick the flowers or step on the grass inpublic.If everyone tries his best to protect the environment ,the world willbecome much more beautiful and our life will be better and better .

二、Improve our environment

Good environment canmake people feel happy.To improve the environment means to qualify our life .What should we do to improve our environment

We should plant moretrees .And we should prevent those factories from pouring waste water intorivers ,lakes and fields .Whenever we see litter on the ground ,we shouldpick it up and throw it into a dustbin .Don’t spit in public places .Don’tdraw on public walls .It’s our duty to keep our earth clean and tidy .

三、Pollutionaround us

Inrecent years our life is becoming better and better.But our environment isbecoming worse and worse.It’s very bad for our life.Now many people haveair-conditioners and cars,they produce (give off ) waste gas.More and moretrees are being cut down.There are so much sand on the earth (leaving onlysand ) .We often see factories pour waste into rivers or lakes.Water in theriver is quite dirty.We haven’t enough clean water to drink in cities.Now weare in danger.It’s very necessary and important to protect the environmentwell.I think if everyone tries his best to protect the environment,the worldwill become much more beautiful ,and our life will be better and better .

四、My country life

I like to live in the countryside.I live in a small village.There is a river near it.Lots of trees are around my house.I can see a lot of farms and birds.There is less noise.The air here is cleaner and fresher.There are fewer cars.I read aloud early in the morning.When it is getting dark,the moon is brightin the sky.It’s very quiet .What a nice place I live in !

[英语作文保护环境120词

为了了解小学生对生活用水的来源知道多少，都做过哪些环保的事？2017年的暑假我做了一项调查，调查的对象是圣荣小学四年级三班的同学。在调查中我发现同学们虽然知道生活用水的来源是水库、自来水公司，但是大都不知道现在的水库存水情况；而且同学们都能自觉的节约用水，环保的意识也很强。

针对调查的结果我跟随潍坊广播电视报的小记者们一起参加了“走进360行——参观自来水公司”的活动，通过这次活动我真正的感到了水资源的匮乏，节水不能光喊喊口号，要用实际行动去节约每一滴水。

活动当天我们在工作人员的带领下来到白浪河水库，从而得知：现在潍坊80%的水都是这个水库供给的。去之前我的脑海中想到的是碧波荡漾翻腾着洁白浪花的水库，可是到了这里看到的却是水库里残留着一个个大大小小的池塘，地面都裸露在外面，上面长满了杂草。工作人员告诉我们由于前段时间潍坊干旱少雨，水库存水不足，水库已经不能满足全市人民的大量用水了。随后我们又去了自来水公司近距离的感受了制水流程，了解了生活用水是如何生产的，真切的感受到每一滴水都来之不易。

回到家后，我的心情依然无法平静，想到了工厂排出的废水，被污染的清澈的小溪，哗哗流淌的水龙头这些都是水资源浪费的因素。我们的环境书上讲过这样一件事，德国人和中国人在煮鸡蛋时用的方法不一样，他们不仅节约了4/5的水、2/3的热能同时也使鸡蛋的营养达到最佳状态，这样的生活小事更能反映出他们的节水意识比我们强。

我有一次回农村老家，路过一片空地，我问妈妈为什么不种上庄稼让地空着多浪费。妈妈告诉我有些地方缺水不能灌溉，只能等下雨才能有收成。我们国家是农业大国，同时也是水资源缺乏的国家。很多的地方生活用水是用雨水储存下来的，用水也非常的不方便。

地球是我们的共同的家园，维护好我们的生存环境，保护水资源是我们大家共同的责任。

In the past few decades, our Earth has changed a lot, but to the bad

direction. Among these changes, the air pollutions resulting from a huge number

of automobiles and coal-burning is almost the severest. The severe air pollution

alarms humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable

production and usage of automobiles. However, with the deepening of

urbanization, more cars are needed, which will make the air pollution worse.

Therefore, the following actions should be taken. First, we should apply the

most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as

substitutes for fossil fuels. Second, try hard to develop possible

transportation means, which are enviromental friendly. So that the citizens can

reduce the dependence on cars. In short, our humans should take responsibilities

for the air pollution and have to find ways to solve this problem.

Before I went to middle school, I lived with my grandparents. At that time,

I stayed in the country, which was the most beautiful place for me. Early in the

morning, I walked along the country road, appreciating the fresh air. We raised

a little dog. He was my best friend, and he accompanied me all the time. No

matter what I did and where I went, the little dog was with me and I loved him

so much. Sometimes I would pick up the fruit in the garden, sometimes I would

catch the fish in the clear river. It was such a happy childhood for me that I

will never forget.

龟裂的大地，干涸已久的塘库以及重旱区千百万双渴望的双眼，无时无刻不撞击着我们的心灵。目睹这些惨象，我们，这些离他们遥远的都市人又会怎么能品味到这种缺水的那种痛，那种渴望。

滴滴甘露，悠悠我心。脑海里不由想起报纸上一位贵州晴隆县大田乡苗族村的5岁小男孩---张德江。他和伙伴们每人总用水量仅有一瓶水。忘不了他那脏兮兮的小花脸，忘不了他眼神中所折射出的刺眼渴望。在他们眼中，每一滴水都是渴望。

在灾难面前人类是多么被动和渺小，而面对灾情，人类的团结互助却能使灾难变得渺小。举国上下的‘爱心’‘雨滴’救助筹资活动，四面八方的关注支持，爱心在不停涌动。在巨大的灾情面前，来自五湖四海的帮助，汇成了一条爱心不止的河流，在我们心中流动，更滋润着灾区人们焦渴的心。

电视屏幕上那些因缺水而脸色枯黄的人们，那些没有水分而早早变黄的大片整整的油菜花，我的心不由一震，一种说不出的焦虑涌上心头。虽然距离将我与灾区拉远，但有些东西可以被空间所遮蔽，但有些东西是无法被距离遮蔽。那些来自四面八方的支援不正是体现了这一点吗？在那遥远地方的旱灾，却让我们感到旱灾离我们并不遥远，我们的心与灾区人们的心永远联系在一起。

但，我们为什么总是要在灾难发生后才去紧张地救援呢？我想人类是智慧的。既然有‘未雨绸缪’为什么不能‘未旱绸缪’呢？水资源是珍贵的，节约用水是我们义不容辞的责任。倘使我们每个人都在生活中真爱每一滴水，那么就会使像这种旱灾发生的可能性降到最小。假若我们在生活中都珍爱每一滴水，那么旱灾离我们就会远了。

现在，每天面对这些珍贵的水，我都似乎负有一种罪恶感。只要一想起灾区的人们，我的心就揪了起来，恨不得马上亲临旱区，将自己的水双手递给那些苦于水的人们，愿他们的脸上露出甜甜的笑容，愿他们心中的渴能及时解了。

让我们献出自己的一份微薄之力，关爱旱区。从现在做起，珍爱每一滴水，让旱灾远离我们。

Today there is more and more pollution and the environment is becoming worse and worse. So we have to know how to protect the environment. Here are some ways.

今天有更多的污染和环境变得越来越糟.所以我们必须知道如何保护环境.这里有一些方法.

First, we can stop driving our personal cars. We can go to school or work on foot or by bus. Not only can it protect environment, but also it is good for our health.

首先,我们可以停止驾驶私家车.我们可以去上学或上班步行或乘巴士.不仅可以保护环境,而且它对我们的健康有好处.

Second, we are not supposed to drop litter anywhere, we should put them into the trash bin. And it’s best to pick up the litter on the ground when we see them.

第二,我们不应该乱扔垃圾的地方,我们应该把它们扔到垃圾桶里.最好在当我们看到他们地捡起垃圾.

Third, we should save the paper, the water, the food and so on.

第三,我们应该节约纸张,水,食物等.

Fourth, we should protect the trees and we should plant more trees.

第四,我们应保护树木,我们应该种更多的树.

I think if everyone does something to protect the environment, our world will be much better.

我想,如果每个人都做些什么来保护环境,我们的世界会更好.

水，是人类不可缺少的资源之一，一旦离开它，人类将不能生存。

据有关数字检测，人体中，有60%~70%是水，也就是说水是人身体组成的重要部分，且是最重要的成分。有人曾做过实验：一个人每天只喝水，可以维持十几天的生命，而什么都不吃，维持三天就可以算是奇迹了!可见，水，对于我们是多么重要!

虽然在地球上海洋是占了71%之多，但是，可供人饮用水，即淡水资源却微乎其微，有许多国家都面临着缺水的危机，当然也包括我国!可是，与此同时，也有许多人在有用水条件下却故意浪费水，这是十分不可取的!

水是人类生存的关键，在我国西部地区以及东部繁华的城市都存在着严重缺水的问题。虽然，我国有两条大河在支撑着我国的饮水及用水，可是不得不说，曾经黄河是断流过的，如果我们还不及时采取合理的措施，继续浪费水资源，或者污染水资源，那么后果将不堪设想。

我国其实也是一个严重缺水的国家，人年均占有水量仅占世界的1/4，1750立方米。你是否还觉得这个数字很庞大?还不用担心呢?那么，你错了，这还是大估算呢!有的水已经被污染，有的用于了各项资金项目…这样，人年均实际占水量就更是少之又少!

再说说我们纳溪，或许水资源暂时还没有造成短缺，但是在前几年，开办的纸厂将污水直接排放进了永宁河，造成永宁河河水浑浊，使得原本清澈的永宁河变得臭气熏天，经过好几年的治理，才有了一点改善，这就是人类造成的啊!幸好还有明智的政务，要不然人们继续这样破坏水资源，再过几年，我们不就没水用了吗?没有了干净的水，我们怎么生存?我想，或许那些制造污染的人，应该没有考虑到公共利益吧!或许他们仅仅只看到了他们眼前的那一点点利益，殊不知，后果可以让他吃惊!这也就应征了一句话：害人终害己。

是的，制造污染源或者浪费水资源都是不可取得，相反我们都应该节约用水，保护水资源。当然，不说是就不允许开办纸厂，而是职场应该严格按照国家规定，将污水经过处理在排放进江河，与此同时，还要优先考虑到公共利益，从长远眼光去看待它。为了我们的地球，为了我们的家园，为了我们自身，我们呼吁：

保护水资源!节约水资源!

Today is March 8, International Womens Day is to commemorate the world of

working women to fight for peace and democracy, womens liberation struggle

holiday.

Since yesterday, I discussed with my father on how to make my mother happy

over the holiday. I would first make a suggestion: "Give my mother to buy a new

phone." Dad thought for a moment, said: "Mom bought a mobile phone soon, you can

use, there is no need to change." Dad said: "We go out to buy some cosmetics,

her mother there." I am opposed to: "Moms cosmetics too much, many of which are

not all useful." My Father and I are anxious, and in the end what got her point?

We simply asked her what he wanted bar. But my mother said: "I do not want to

buy, I just want to sleep." I do not know why my mother this way, but I know my

mother is very hard to control more than 300 college students, daytime talk,

meetings, writing papers, fill out information and give students lessons, etc.

in the evening and students should check the study up the bedroom. If it is me,

I would like the mother, in addition to want to sleep, the other wants to do

nothing.

However, I and Dad are determined to give my mother, "International Womens

Day" gifts, things came back to buy her mother was shocked at my father bought a

goggles and a pillow, my mother smiled.

I wish Mom "Womens Day" Happy!

周恩来是中华人民共和国的开国总理，在主持国家行政管理事务、领导经济建设长达27年的岁月中，他十分重视生态环境保护，特别对水生态环境的保护，倾注了大量的心力，在理论上作出艰辛的探索，开启了新中国水生态环境保护事业的新局面。

一、保护水生态环境思想的初步成型

水生态环境的保护，就一个国家来说包括陆地的水土保持、治理水土流失，及治理江河水系、近岸海域的水污染等项内容。据此来看周恩来保护水生态环境的思想发展历程，历经初步成型和丰富完善两个阶段。20世纪50年代初期至60年代末是第一阶段。在此阶段，周恩来针对新中国水土流失的状况，特别是西北黄土高原水土流失的现实，积极探索治理方略，把治理水土流失、整治沟坡与植树造林紧密结合起来，强调从源头上根治的重要性，在理论上作了精湛论述。

作为一个大陆性气候为主和农耕文明悠久的国家，中国森林和植被的覆盖率是相当低的，1949年全国森林覆盖率的概数为8.6%。[1]森林覆盖率低致使自然生态环境恶劣，十分明显地表现在水土流失上，全国水土流失面积约150万平方公里，相当于国土面积的1/6。黄河流经的黄土高原地区水土流失严重，面积达58万平方公里。[2]新中国建立之初百废待兴，周恩来在领导治淮、治黄的同时，对治理水土流失给予极大的关注，思考着解决的途径。他多次指出，森林植被的破坏是造成水土流失的关键性原因。中国的森林覆盖率很低，和世界上许多森林国家相比还差得很远。1951年9月7日，周恩来在主持第101次政务会议讨论全国灾情问题时强调了造林、护林的重要性，指出“靠山吃山，靠水吃水”这两句话，就要写得适当才行，否则，“靠山吃山”，把树都砍光了，水灾就来了。[3]

1952年12月26日，周恩来审阅签发了《政务院关于发动群众继续开展防旱抗旱运动并大力推行水土保持工作的指示》(以下简称《指示》)，对全国尤其是对黄河流域的水土保持工作怎样开展作出全面部署。《指示》首先明确了水土保持的战略地位和区域重点，指出：“水土保持是一项长期的改造自然的工作。由于各河治本和山区生产的需要，水土保持工作，目前已属刻不容缓”。“应以黄河的支流，无定河、延水，及泾、渭、洛诸河流域为全国的重点。”其次，《指示》对水土保持的治理方针和技术路线作了全面、科学的阐述，明确提出：“首先应在山区丘陵和高原地带有计划地封山、造林、种草和禁开陡坡，以涵蓄水流和巩固表土，同时应推行先进的耕种方法，如修梯田、挑旱渠、等高种植和牧草轮作等方法，期使降落的雨水尽量就地渗入，缓和下流，不致形成冲刷的流势和流量。对于已经冲刷的山溪沟壑，即应先支沟，后干沟，自上而下，由小而大地修筑拦沙坝和缓流坝，以改变沟壑纵向的坡度，延缓洪水下泄的速度，截留其挟带下泄的泥沙，淤出的土地并可增加生产。”[4]由此可看出，《指示》中明确地提出了水土保持的三大基本措施，即耕作措施、林草措施、工程措施，充分体现了水土保持的综合性，且正确地处理了工程与生物、治坡与治沟的关系，为尔后数十年我国水土流失的治理措施指出了方向。1956年至1958年，国务院水土保持委员会提出的“全面规划，综合开发，坡沟兼治，集中治理”的方针;1973年至1977年，治黄领导小组提出的“以土为首，土水林综合治理，为农业生产服务”的方针，虽具体提法不同，但是对于水土流失必须综合治理，必须正确对待工程与生物、治坡与治沟等的要求，都是在《指示》精神的指导下提出的。第三，关于水土保持的工作方针和组织路线，《指示》中提出：“水土保持是群众性、长期性和综合性的工作，必须结合生产的实际需要，发动群众组织起来长期进行，才能收到预期的功效”，“必须依靠群众，通过群众，使群众自愿地行动起来”;水土保持要以“预防为主”，要“深入调查研究”，“总结当地的经验”，要“拟定因地制宜的计划”，水土保持“必须与农、林、水利和畜牧各项开发计划密切配合，才能巩固和扩大工作的成绩”，“各级农、林、水利部门必须组织一定力量协助各地群众，及时给予技术指导。”[5]《指示》下达后，水土保持工作在全国特别是黄河流域逐步展开。陕西、山西、甘肃等省一些水土保持搞得较好的地、县、乡、村和小流域，其主要经验就是认真执行了《指示》中的具体要求。

开展水土保持工作的路途不是平坦的。由于50年代全国各地在经济建设中追求速度，采用的多是粗放型经营方式，未能注重经济发展与资源、生态环境的和谐关系，特别是1958年兴起的三年大跃进运动，在大炼钢铁和大办工业中，大砍树木，到处垦荒，对森林植被、生态环境造成巨大破坏。面对这样严峻的现实，50年代末至60年代初，周恩来在许多重要场合一再地讲水土保持、植树造林对于水生态环境的重要性。他认为，森林植被的破坏和减少，不仅是造成许多大河流域的水土流失，而且是造成沙化的根源。为此，周恩来还用追溯历史的方法，不止一次地讲古人在经济活动中砍伐森林带来的负面影响，以史为鉴，警示今人。1957年11月4日周恩来在接见埃及文化代表团时谈道：“古老文化还损伤了大自然，中国有林的山只有百分之十，好多都是荒山，古代人只知建设不知保护森林，后代子孙深受其害。”[6]1964年6月21日周恩来接见英国前坎特伯雷教长约翰逊夫妇时谈道：“文化越古的国家，越不知道保护森林，树木越少。我去过的地方，如从尼罗河经过中东、中亚细亚，到中国这一大片，都如此。”[7]“黄土高原是我们祖宗的摇篮地，是民族文化的发源地，但是这个地方的森林被破坏了”。[8]

在这一阶段，周恩来不仅对黄土高原地区的水土保持工作倾注了大量心血，对南方地区出现的水土流失也十分关切，及时给予具体指导。1964年12月至1965年1月，周恩来在出席第三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议期间，看到有关江西兴国地区由于水土流失严重、河床逐年升高的提案后，对江西省委负责人说：这件事，江西省委要抓，要解决问题。又说：解决兴国的淤沙，一要挖沙筑坝，二要从根本上解决问题，严禁滥砍乱伐上游的森林，大力植树造林，搞好水土保持，固住泥沙不下流。造林是百年大计，黄河流域可以造林固沙挡风，江西山区多，我们不能光采伐不造林育林，光吃祖宗饭，造子孙孽。只要我们有雄心壮志，长期搞下去，增加森林覆盖率，兴国的淤沙问题就可以迎刃而解。[9]

二、保护水生态环境思想的完善

进入70年代，随着水污染问题愈益突出，保护水生态环境工作增添了新内涵。周恩来敏锐地认识到治理水污染、保护水生态的重要意义，果断采取一系列措施，推动中国水生态环境保护事业的开展。至此，周恩来保护水生态环境的思想，从内涵上看已论及水生态环境保护的各主要方面，日臻丰富完善。

20世纪60至70年代，随着工业化、城市化进程的快速推进，经济发展与生态环境间的矛盾愈益彰显出来，世界上不少国家已把环境问题提到了议事日程，对由于经济发展所带来的诸如大气、水质、噪声以及固体废弃物的污染采取措施，进行治理。这一时期，中国的水生态环境已开始受到破坏，一些工业集中地区环境污染严重，直接危害了人民群众的健康。

官厅水库是北京市主要供水水源地之一。1971年官厅水库由于长期受入库河流桑干河、洋河等携带的工业废水、生活污水污染，水库水质变坏，水色浑黄，漂有白沫，有苦药味，死鱼增加。水库大坝东侧北寨等4个村的群众饮用库水后出现无力、头痛、背痛等症状。1972年3月，怀来、大兴县一带群众，因吃了官厅水库有异味的鱼，发生恶心、呕吐等症状。化验表明水库水质已受到污染，并有恶化趋势。[10]这一事件引起了国务院和周恩来的重视，国务院批准北京市成立官厅水库水源保护领导小组，万里任组长，下设办公室，统一管理水源保护工作。[11]根据周恩来关于查清官厅水库水源污染情况的指示，官厅水库水源保护领导小组在作了详细、大量实地调查后，写出《关于桑干河水系污染情况的调查报告》。9月5日，国务院批转了这个报告，并作出批示，要求各有关部门和地区必须严肃对待此事，积极行动起来，根治桑干河的污染，一抓到底，不要半途而废。[12]官厅水库水源保护领导小组采取了综合利用、化害为利、改革工艺、减少污染、污水净化处理等积极的治理措施，经过3年努力，到1975年测定，官厅水库水质已经好转。1976年以后，水库水质基本接近饮用水标准。[13]

至70年代初，周恩来已清醒地意识到中国环境问题的严重性和紧迫性。他利用出席各种会议，会见各界人士以及审阅文件、处理问题和去各地视察等多种机会，一再强调环境保护的重要意义。1971年4月5日，周恩来在接见全国交通工作会议代表谈到环境保护问题时，提出：在经济建设中的废水、废气、废渣不解决，就会成为公害。发达的资本主义国家公害很严重，我们要认识到经济发展中会遇到这个问题，采取措施解决。[14]1972年9月8日，周恩来在邀集国家计委和各省、市、自治区负责人参加的会议上，对治理“三废”(工业废水、废气、废渣)问题作出指示：我们在搞经济建设的同时，就应该抓紧解决这个问题，绝对不做贻害子孙后代的事。[15]与此同时，周恩来接连作出了有关中国开展环境保护工作的部署。

1972年6月5日至16日，联合国在斯德哥尔摩召开了人类环境会议，这是人类历史上第一次有关保护环境的全球会议。此时，中国尚处于非常封闭的情况下，“文化大革命”还在如火如荼地进行，阶级斗争仍是当时的主旋律。但周恩来远见卓识，决定组成40人余的中国代表团参加这一世界性会议。关于参加会议的目的，周恩来指示：通过这次会议，了解世界环境状况和各国环境问题对经济、社会发展的重大影响，并以此作为镜子，认识中国的环境问题。[16]起初代表团人员由卫生部门组织，周恩来觉得，环境保护工作是综合性的工作，不仅仅涉及卫生部门，单独由卫生部门组团出席这次会议是不全面的。他要求工业部门也参加。后来，他又提出要国家计划委员会的同志也参加。最后，中国派出了以燃料化学工业部副部长唐克为团长、国家计划委员会副主任顾明为副团长的代表团。代表团成员来自多个部门。

周恩来还亲自修改和审定了代表团带到会议上的与会报告。针对当时在环境问题上的极“左”观点，他明确指示代表团应实事求是，并在修改与会报告时加上了“中国也存在环境问题”一节。在他的指导和与会代表的共同努力下，中国代表团在人类环境会议上开展了卓有成效的工作。代表团提出了修改《人类环境宣言》草案的十个主要原则，联合发展中国家推动大会对宣言草案做了较大的修改，使修改后的内容更加有利于发展中国家。[17]

1973年8月5日至20日，在周恩来指导下，国务院在北京召开首次全国环境保护会议。各省、市、自治区革命委员会主管计划和城市建设的负责同志，国务院有关部门的领导，开展综合利用、除害兴利较好的厂矿企业代表，科学研究部门和大专院校的代表，共300多人参加了会议。国务院副总理李先念、余秋里等也参加了会议。会议较充分地披露了中国的环境问题。比如，官厅水库的污染、火力发电厂的污染、黄河沿岸八省区工业“三废”对黄河水的污染。这些触目惊心的事实，使代表们深切地了解到中国水域、大气、土地已经遭受了严重的污染和破坏。会议期间先后印发了6期《简报增刊》和6期《环境保护情况反映》，集中反映环境污染和生态破坏方面的情况。这些资料除了在会议上印发，还由国家计划委员会向各省、市、自治区革命委员会和国务院各部门转发，“虽然在通知上注明‘请注意保密’，但是，实际上把环境污染和生态破坏的情况通报了全国”。[18]

首次全国环境保护会议审议并通过《关于保护和改善环境的若干规定(试行草案)》，提出并制定《关于加强全国环境监测工作意见》和《自然保护区暂行条例》，正式确立“全面规划、合理布局、综合利用、化害为利、依靠群众、大家动手、保护环境、造福人民”的32字环境保护方针。会议结束不久，国务院批转了国家计划委员会上报的《关于保护和改善环境的若干规定(试行草案)》。这是中国生态环境保护史上第一个由国务院批转的具有法规性质的文件，是新中国生态环境保护立法的起点。这个文件共有10条。第1条和第2条是重点，分别提出“要做好全面规划”和“工业要合理布局”;第3条“要改善老城市的环境”，规定保护水源，消烟除尘，治理污染;第4条“要大搞综合利用，除害兴利”，规定“一切新建、扩建和改建企业，防治污染项目，必须与主体工程同时设计，同时施工，同时投产”;其余6条分别对水土保持和植被保护、水系和海域的管理、植树造林绿化祖国、环境监测、环境科学研究和宣传教育、环境保护投资和设备等做出规定。[19]

这次会议推动中国的生态环保事业向前迈出了一大步。在周恩来的多次指示和关注下，从中央到地方相继建立起环境保护机构、环境监测和科研机构。1974年5月国务院环境保护领导小组办公室成立，负责统筹规划、全面安排环境保护工作并监督实施。各省、市、自治区和国务院主要部门相继建立了环境保护机构，许多地、市以上城市和大中型工矿企业也设置了环境保护机构或专职人员。有关环境保护的法规先后出台，如《森林采伐更新规程》(1973年)、《工业三废排放试行标准》(1973年)、《中华人民共和国防止沿海水域污染暂行规定》(1974年)等。也正是从这时起，一批国外先进的环境监测仪器设备引进国门。官厅水库的水质污染、包头钢铁厂的烟尘等“三废”污染得到了有效的治理。

三、两个鲜明的特点

纵观周恩来领导水生态环境保护事业的实践及其思想的形成和发展，有两个特点十分鲜明，感人至深。

一是始终心忧水生态环境。自新中国建国伊始至70年代中期的二十余年时间里，周恩来在繁忙的国务活动中始终心系水生态环境保护事业，发表和作出的有关治理水土流失、植树造林、治理水污染等保护水生态环境的谈话、指示、批示等，仅中央文献研究室编三卷本《周恩来年谱(1949—1976)》能查到的就达34次[20]。这其中50年代12次，60年代16次，70年代6次，呈现分布频次均衡，时间悠长的特征。

由于50年代经济建设中的粗放型经营模式和大跃进运动的负面影响，水生态环境保护工作的成效并不明显。周恩来对此心情十分沉重。1966年2月，在全国林业工作会议之前，周恩来对林业部的负责人说：我当总理十六年，有两件事交不了账，一是黄河、一是林业。[21]会议期间，周恩来接见了西北各省、自治区林业厅(局)长及西北林业建设兵团的代表，他语重心长地说：“工业犯了错误，一二年就可能转过来，林业和水利上犯了错误，多少年也翻不过身来。我最担心的，一个是治水治错了，一个是林子砍多了。治水治错了，树砍多了，下一代人也要说你。我国森林覆盖率只有百分之十多一点。十六年来，全国砍多于造，是亏了。二十世纪还剩下三十几年，再亏下去不得了。造林是百年大计，要好好搞。”[22]针对西北地区的特殊条件他指出：“西北黄土高原搞了多少年造林啦?劳大功小，要很好总结经验。”“西北地区造林要集中在黄河泥沙主要来源地区，不要孤零零地分散搞。分散了，投资很大，功效很小，起不了多大作用。”[23]周恩来要求西北地区总结经验，成立一个统管农林和水土保持的领导小组，协调好各方面的关系，开展工作。

即便在外事活动中，周恩来仍关注着水生态的保护。1973年9月16日，周恩来陪同法国总统蓬皮杜游览杭州西湖时，看到机动游艇船尾漂散的油污，对浙江省的负责人说：现在世界上许多著名的风景湖区都被污染了，水草枯死，鱼类绝迹，再不能游览观赏，我们的西湖不能污染。为了给我们的子孙后代留下一个风景如画的西湖，也为了让更多外宾在这胜似天堂的湖光山色中一饱眼福，今后西湖内应少用机动游艇，以避免湖水污染。[24]此后，得知西湖已在试用电瓶船时，周恩来甚为欣慰。

二是实事求是，直面中国的水生态问题。在“文化大革命”的特殊年代，周恩来能够力排“左”的干扰，实事求是，直面中国的水污染现状。1971年10月9日，周恩来陪同埃塞俄比亚皇帝塞拉西参观北京东方红石油化工总厂。鉴于厂方接待人员介绍该厂污水处理工程言过其实，周恩来要求在赠送埃方的纪录片中剪掉不符合实际的镜头。[25]1972年6月为参加联合国首届人类环境会议，中国代表团按规定须提交一份报告。周恩来在审阅报告草稿时，发现其中大讲中国取得的建设成就，而对污染、公害问题却只字未提。阅后，他对起草人严肃地说：“还是实事求是嘛!我们也有环境问题，不好回避。西方环境不像你们讲得那么差，我们这里也没有这么好，污染到处都有，一些地区很严重。北京就有污水，冒黑烟。”[26]周恩来不但对报告草稿提出具体意见，还亲自提笔修改。于是，在中国代表团提交大会的报告中，增加了“中国也存在环境问题”一节。周恩来坚持实事求是，直面中国的水污染等生态环境问题，在当时的政治氛围里是需要信念、勇气和远见的，是他对党和人民事业强烈的使命感和责任感使然。

文章文体：议论文。

文章要点：1.保护环境的重要性；2.学生在家庭中节约能源的具体做法和感想；3.今后的打算。

文章框架：文章应该是三部分两段式。第一段（包括要点前两部分）1.环保的重要性；2  接着是站在学生的角度谈谈家庭节约能源的具体方法，第二段写第三要点，即谈谈今后打算。  重要句型短语：It is important to protect our environment, the energy in the world is limited. turn off the light and other appliance when you ,re not using them, wed better not waste the energy, use public transportation, recycle the waste，I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like the energy from the wind and solar 等。

参考例文：

With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our environment. As a student, there are a lot of methods we can do to save energy at home. For example, first, we can turn off the light as well as other appliances when we are not using them. Second, recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse them. Whats more, it is suggested to use public transportation more instead of private cars.

Above all, everyone can make a great contribution to our environment. I hope I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like energy from the wind and solar.