中国文化与美国文化的不同的英语作文精选20篇

世界上有八大奇迹，又宏伟壮观的埃及胡夫金字塔;又神奇的巴比伦空中花园，但我最喜欢的还是庞大的秦始皇兵马俑。

最大的兵马俑非秦始皇兵马俑不可，我们最早发现的一号坑，东西长二百三十米，南北宽六十二米，大约深五米。一号俑坑的左右两旁也有两个兵马俑坑，就是我们的二，三号坑。这三秦始皇兵马俑被公认为“世界第八大奇迹”。

兵马俑个个栩栩如生，一行行，一列列的兵马俑阵势磅薄，有的身穿战袍，手持弓弩，是百发百中的弓箭手;有的头戴长冠，身穿战袍，战靴，手中握着宝剑，是冲锋陷阵的士兵……除了样貌，他们的神态也不尽相同。有的怒目圆睁，仿佛要更敌人决一死战;有的显得十分悠然自得，也许是刚刚获得胜利，还沉静在胜利的喜悦之中;有的眉头皱成了疙瘩，也许是大敌临前，有些不知所措;;有的低着头，若有所思。大部分士兵肃然屹立，神态坚定又勇敢，好似整装待发。

有一个俑，他十分与众不同，这就是铜车马。它宽7.8米，径深8.8米，它的工艺之复杂，做工之精巧，体现了工匠们的高超技术，实在是巧妙之极!铜车马上面还罩着一块类似龟盖状的棚盖，车主可以坐着，也可以躺下，非常宽敞，舒适……

这是秦始皇兵马俑，以上所写只是冰山一角，还有更多巧妙之处等着被人发现，我为中国古代劳动人民的智慧感到骄傲。

大家都知道，我国是一个有着五千年悠久文化的文明古国。在生活中，我国的传统文化处处可见：我们学习的唐诗宋词、四大名著；我们用的文房四宝、青花瓷器；我们喝的中药、茶饮；还有我们弹奏的二胡、古筝……我国的传统文化数不胜数，其中最引人注目的便是那有着五千年历史的汉字。

汉字，它不同于其他的字体，它是中国人民几千年来的智慧结晶。它有着中国人的豪迈骨气，有着中国人的谦虚宽容，有着中国人的俏皮灵动。它的一撇一捺，大气豪放；它的一横一竖，优雅舒展。它们有着自己的情感、自己的外貌，它们都是最独一无二的精灵。

你看那“月亮”，有着月光的高雅圣洁；你看那“太阳”，有着阳光的热情开朗；你再瞧瞧那“星星”，它们多可爱，多灵动啊！

你且再随我来，我们一起在句子中找到这些文字的韵味。

看！“清澈见底的湖面上，成群的鸭子在水面上嬉戏。”当你看到这句话时，眼前是不是就出现了一幅鸭子戏水图，耳边是亲切的“嘎嘎”声；听！“瀑布，它那天生的金嗓子，雄浑的男高音多么有气势。”此时，我们仿佛置身于瀑布前，免费欣赏了一首男高音独唱，是不是该鼓鼓掌给它加油呢？再闭上眼，细细咀嚼“那清新的绿色仿佛在这秋雨中流动。”我们是不是也感受到了一股富有生命力的暖流，流进我们的心田，温暖着我们。

汉字，它是我国人民的骄傲，它凝聚了我国无数人民一生的心血。同时，它也给世界文化带来了不小的影响，为我国从古至今的对外交流起到了重要的纽带作用。

看看当下，我国的科技水平日新月异，汉字已成为世界通用文字的一员。我相信，在不久的将来，我国的传统文化一定会誉满全球。

More and more poeple have culturan heritage protection consciousness,This is a kind of popular trend of modern society.Indeed, people has taken a cultural heritage protection act.

We should feel happy, because such behavior will bring us a lot of benefits. First, people will learn in cultural heritage of a nations history and culture, which will promote the development of culture. Secondly, many cultural heritage is an important part of the beautiful scenery, this would attract many tourists to visit, which will give nearby residents and government brings income increase, so, peoples living standards will be improved

Anyhow, the cultural heritage protection is a meaningful thing, we will continue to work hard to do so. First, we will continue to strengthen cultural heritage protection consciousness, in addition, each of us should put the cultural heritage protection as their own responsibility, when saw sabotage cultural heritage, we should not hesitate to stop

有人说，中国古代的物理是阴阳，中国古代的哲学是五行，中国古代的数学是八卦，那么中国的文化呢？——是流放。

——题记

说起流放，似乎人们大都会想起大漠，的确这个词在某种程度上是对大漠的诠释，但是中国的流放文化并不是都于大漠，比如说，柳宗元捕蛇者的千年等待，再比如说，苏东坡对于大宋王朝的文化挽歌。

苏东坡确实是大宋王朝中一名不可缺少的文人，可以这么说，历史可以没有大宋王朝，但是中国文化却离不开苏东坡！苏东坡本名原是苏轼，但后人却固执

而坚决的叫他苏东坡，因为他从苏轼到苏东坡吃了太多的苦，笑了太多的不合时宜。他的大笑让自己开怀，却让中国文人内心中有了一声哭。

我们喜欢苏东坡总是没有理由，可能是因为他上可陪玉皇大帝，下可陪贫民乞丐，眼前所见天下没有一个不是好人。其实那些彪炳史册的人物，在他们的日常生活中，并不总是在圣殿里，呆在祭坛上，奔驰在战场上，翻滚在硝烟里……

他们也并不总是在舞台上领取荣誉和奖杯，就像今天人们供奉而成的那样，他们耕作早田野，他们工作在窗前，他们生活在邻家，他们抽烟，喝酒，煮肉，写作，闲话，头顶一个大西瓜……

忽然想起了一个关于苏东坡的小故事：东坡被贬与儋州，一个边走路边唱歌的老婆婆忽然问他：大人，您以前在朝中做官，是否像一场梦？东坡答道：是像一场梦似的。对与苏东坡来说他一生被流放至死未归，对于中国文化来说是一件好事，如果没有他的流放会有那名传千古的《念奴娇。赤壁怀古》，前后《赤壁赋》，《水调歌头》和《记承天寺夜游》吗？历史根本不是什么编年史，断代史，而是一代一代鲜活的存在，挠了会痒，伤了会疼。在一次又一次的改朝换代中，中国历史总是用竹简抑或纸张记录下来，于是在那幽静优美的后院中，总会燃烧起一把熊熊火焰……

苏东坡比中国其他的诗人更具有心灵的天真，可如今，越来越豪华的装饰，使人们不再关注问题的实质，仿佛一个个买椟还珠的郑人…苏东坡在流放的途中进行了一场心灵的调整，他通过这场洗礼走向了自己人生的真理，他对与自己人生的思考越来越多，人一生活着究竟是为什么，东坡穷尽了一生告诉了后世的人们，人活着是为了真实而自由的活着，只有这样才能拥有一个完整而幸福的人生。现在，物欲横流的社会使孩子们还未长大就成熟了，那一双双天真的眼早已变的污浊，我们能做什么呢？

朝野何常不是这样的，能够记住自己的梦想，并坚持到最

后的有几个，恐怕屈指可数。苏东坡由朝到野，朝朝野野，

他真正领悟到了：宠辱不惊，看庭前花开花落；去留无意，

看天空云卷云舒。只有做到了宠辱不惊、去留无意方能心

态平和，恬然自得，方能达观进取，笑看人生。着名的社

会活动家、杰出的爱国宗教领袖赵朴初同志遗作中写道：

生亦欣然、死亦无憾。花落还开，水流不断。我兮何有，

谁欤安息。明月清风，不劳牵挂。

对于中国文人来说，最宝贵的就是这份气节了，徐悲鸿先生说：“人不可无傲气，但不可无傲骨。”传说李白腰间一根傲骨，以至于他晚年不能弯腰。提起李白，不得不提他的豪放，那一字上九天的风发意气，汉儒怎能敌？李白和苏东坡可以算得上是中国的两个代表人物，其中两人的优势劣势就不在此一一评论了，但是两人却有一个共同点就是那一份壮志豪情可以相媲美。

流放的中国文化在历史的上空翻飞盘旋，吟唱着一首又一首的玉树后庭花……

[被历史流放的中国文化初二作文

中国的文化深邃而精深，渊源而流长。《诗经》对美好爱情的向往：窈窕淑女，君子好逑。《论语》告诉我们如何待人处事：有朋自远方来，不亦说乎。中国的文化对世界有着深远的影响，发扬中华民族传统美德是我们每一个炎黄子孙应尽的责任。

中国传统文化是中国文明演化而汇成一种反应民族特质风貌的民族文化。是指居住在中国地域内的中华民族及其祖先所创造的，为中华民族世世代代所继承发展的。具有鲜明特色的历史悠久，内涵博大精深，传承的优良的文化。

在文化教育方面：中国的教育家们都经过了不断的研究、考察，成为了学生们的顶梁柱。因此，通过考试选拔人才进行了公平、公正、公开的战略方针。让每一位学生都感受到竞争的压力。

在社会文化方面：自古到今，人们对于服饰，服装都有很大的情节。而当中女性对于服装的情感尤为突出。旗袍是女性服装之一，源于满足女性传统服装，由民国服饰设计师参考满族女性传统旗服的一种时装。旗袍具有中国女性服饰文化的象征意义。它端庄优美，曲线迷人，非常适合展现女性柔美的特征。旗袍既有传统的象征，又能体现女性的风情万种，更是承载着历史和文化的积淀，承载着中国女性身上的隽永的优雅，契合着传统的女人的含蓄和内敛。

在风俗文化方面：赛龙舟是端午节的主要习俗，人们都记得那个为我们奠基端午节的风流人物吗？相传起源于楚国人因舍不得贤臣屈原投江死去，许多人划船追赶拯救。他们争先恐后追至洞庭湖时不见踪迹，之后每年五月初五划龙舟以作为纪念。

在历史潮流中，赋予我们梦想，给予我们知识的还是文化。你知道文化蕴涵的意义何在吗？从从古至今，中国的传统文化已经源远流长、博大精深。大多数人都认为中国的传统文化会一直保留下去，但事实上这是一个很严重的问题，需要现代社会中的每一个华夏子女的关怀和行动。因为中国古代发生过不少的战争，比如：火烧圆明园、抗日战争、甲午中日战争、八国联军侵华战争等等。这些事件的发生破坏了中国文化的资源，使得中国的文化得到了衰退。但是改革开放以后，经过中华民族的发扬传承，因此，中华民族的文化又得到了复苏。

归根到底，中华民族的文化都必须靠华夏子女的努力奋斗去传承，让一代又一代的华夏子女从中受到文化习俗的发展，完成自己的目标实现梦想。一个国家民族必须要有继承人，只有带领人也是不现实的，需要大家一起努力才能有一个好的家园，让中国民族滕飞起来吧。

在此，发扬中华民族的传统文化，推动社会成员提倡继承传统美德是我们每一个华夏子女应尽的责任。作为重托文化的继承者有义务的继承和发扬本民族的优秀的传统文化，应丢弃戒备之心，尝试接纳和吸收其中的精华，让我们的子孙享受祖先留给他们的文化财富。

The difference between chinese and western culture

With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.

First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the

main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.

Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’ productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and

English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.

In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.

The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony many other Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether it

brings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.

The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’ aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the

society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.

When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.

We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.

So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible.

However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.

随着现代化的迅速发展，电视，计算机，电话等许多包含现代化的东西被发掘出来。人们追求新科技，却忘掉了我们千古年来传承下来的文化。 With the rapid development of modernization, TV, computers, telephones and many other modern things are excavated.People pursue new technologies, but forget the culture we have passed down throughout the ages.

可以说，现今随着现代化的发展，几乎每家每户都配有电视机，电脑等高科技产品。每每一打开电视机或电脑，浮现出来的往往是综艺娱乐节目。娱乐方面的却比新闻或电视剧方面的要多得多，在这些娱乐节目中只有些许节目遵循了我们应重视的文化——“听写大会”这个综艺节目可以使我们学会很多我们平常很少用到也可以说是从未见过的词语，让孩子从小就得到良好的教育，也能让人们懂得更多道理和知识，还有像“天天向上”这类娱乐节目，既可以让我们娱乐也有着许多的文化知识让我们学习，在现在的社会中恰恰也需要这样的综艺节目来引导我们。

但在这些娱乐节目中，却也有着那些荒芜了我们的文化特色的节目。比如说最近很火热的一个节目“中国好声音”，它很容易使观众们错以为只有长得好看，歌唱的好听就一定能出名，但这却是一个极其严重的错误，在这儿就有一个现成的例子，在“中国好声音”的舞台上，不知是谁问了选手一个非常简单的问题：我国古代的诗仙是谁?只要是读过书的人都会回答出来是李白。但问出这个问题后，台上没有一个人能回答出，就连那所谓的导师也都表示不知道，这也就显出了那些所谓的名人明星对文化的不重视，才会导致尴尬发生。

再比如说，现在的年轻人最爱看的一类娱乐节目“快乐大本营”全都是那些主持人在台上东拉西扯，俊男靓女们一起嘻嘻哈哈，不顾形象。也很容易给公众们一个这样的误导：只要歌唱好，把游戏做好，就能又出名又能大把赚钞票。还有就是有一类关于宠物的综艺娱乐节目，我们又不是每家每户都要养宠物，又何必花费时间花费金钱去做这类节目呢?还有相关的娱乐节目，比如有：“男生女生GO”“活力大冲关”“星光大道”等，压倒了一切包含了文化物质的电视节目，也还占用了相当大的资源空间。

也许，在这个社会中，当人们工作之后需要放松心情，都会观看像这样的娱乐节目，好让自己放松一下，人们就一昧接受那些节目中的搞笑因素，而逐渐忽视了新闻等文化。我们青少年应该多看那些能增长我们知识的高端大气上档次的东西，少看那些低俗的娱乐节目，决不能痴迷于此，忘掉自己的理想和追求，要脚踏实地，不能让自己的灵魂成为娱乐的对象，希望人们能够理性地看待娱乐文化，提升自己的娱乐品味，追求崇高!

最后，希望各位影视媒体的节目安排除了发挥好娱乐功能外应多策划有文化素质的节目，继续把我们所重视的文化永远传承下去，而不是一味的娱乐，低俗满天下!

今天，我们来到了美丽的颐和园：波光粼粼的昆明湖、壮丽的十七孔桥，构思巧妙的长廊。我迫不及待地朝东门飞奔而去。

登上楼梯，映入眼帘的是水平如镜的昆明湖。昆明湖是仿造西湖的。湖水清而凉爽，红色的蜻蜓在湖面上轻盈地飞着。“哗!”一只灰白色的水鸟划过水面，又低下头，把嘴“伸”进湖水时在，一条小鱼被它吞了进去，四周洋起一片水花，波纹一圈一圈地荡漾出去，最后消失在水中。走上了十七孔桥，旁边的小石狮;有的保护小狮;有的大发雷霆。特别是其中一只在睡觉的小狮闭着眼睛，小手挠挠脑袋趴在大狮的背上晒日光浴，可爱极了。往右看山上有一座塔，那是仿造雷锋塔建成的。十七桥孔桥对着那座塔，从上往下看，桥孔由小变大，最中间的最大，然后足逐渐变小，传说那时只有皇帝能从中间走过呢!

过了十七孔桥来到慈嬉避暑馆--佛香阁，在阁里，感觉如秋天一样凉爽，里面的物品十分豪华。有一个纯金的水壶，上面嵌红色和蓝色的彩钻，在阳光的照耀下放出金色的“灯光”。还有银色的手链，上面有着白色的大珍珠，好看极了。可想而知慈禧的生活是多么奢华。

出了佛香阁，就是颐和园的长廊，也是全中国最大的画廊，廊上面全是精美的雕刻：有婀娜多姿的仙女;有高大强壮的骏马;有手拿铁叉的神仙;琮有壮丽的山峰和流水，总共1024幅画中，没有一幅是相同的。我惊叹古代工匠丰富的想象力和精湛的技艺。

最后我乘船来到颐和园买卖街，这个街完成仿照苏州而建，取名“苏州街”，是当年皇上想像普通百姓一样能拿钱来购物的地方。买卖街两边是小路，中间有一条小河，河中开满了深粉色的睡莲，可爱的像一个小女孩红扑扑的小脸。我东挑西选，最后选中了一个精美的微雕。这是一块只有指甲四分之一大小的石头，上而刻了我的生肖--羊，那羊正抬头叫唤，栩栩如生，旁边还写了“幸福快乐。”我挑了一个桃花的“鸡蛋形”盒子把它放进去。

颐和园，给我留下了美好的印象，让我流连忘返!

有那么一句俗话：“民，以食为天。”食，在百姓的心中可以说是大若天地。中国上下五千年沉淀了中华博大精深的华夏文明，也造就了中国的饮食文化。

年糕，是我国汉族的传统食物之一，也是农历年时的应时食品。在春节，我国许多地区都会吃年糕，我的老家自然也不例外。

年糕，与“年高”谐音，有“年年高的寓意，象征着收入、职位或小孩子的知识和身一年都比一年高。虽说只是寓意，没有多大的真实性，但象征了老百姓们朴实、简单的美好祝愿。

听爷爷说，这年糕的由来，得从一个传说讲起。在远古时候，有一种怪兽称为“年”。“年”一年四季都生活在深山老林里，饿了就捕捉其他兽类充饥。可到了严冬季节，兽类大多都躲起来过冬了。“年”饿得不得已时，便只好下山，攫夺人充当食物，使百姓不堪其苦。后来有个聪明的部落称“高氏族”，每到严冬，预计怪兽快要下山觅食时，事先用粮食做了大量食物，搓成一条条，揿成一块块地放在门外，人们躲在家里。“年”来到后找不到人吃，饥不择食，便用人们制作的粮食条块充腹，吃饱后再回到山上去。人们看怪兽走了，都纷纷走出家门相互祝贺，庆幸躲过了“年”的一关，平平安安，又能春耕作准备了。这样年复一年，这种避兽害的方法传了下来。因为粮食条块是高氏所制，人们为了纪念和感恩“高氏族”的首领，便把“年”与“高”字和在一起，取其谐音为“年糕”。

年糕，在我的老家是过年的必备品。拜神时，总要取一小块年糕放在贡台上，以祈求神灵保佑我们在新的一年能顺顺利利，万事如意。

拜完后，便可以拿年糕来吃了！这对于我来说莫过于最好的事了。煎、炒、炸、蒸、煮，一块普通的年糕在奶奶的巧手下，运用不同的烹饪手法做成了一道道各具风味、色香味俱全的美食，灿黄灿黄的，别提有多诱人了！

吃的时候，大家都围成一桌，一边吃一边聊着生活的趣事与近况，你一筷，我一筷，你一言，他一语，好不热闹！其实，我想，在那一刻，重要的已不是年糕本身了，而是一家人团聚在一起的欢乐与亲情。看着老人们欣慰的笑脸，皱纹里满满的都是甜蜜，我的心中也仿佛有一股暖流淌过。是啊，传统美食、风俗习惯什么的，为的不就是这一刻三代同堂的欢乐吗？

如今，在这个几乎所有的传统手工食品都已经被放到了工业流水线上的今天，中国人，这个全世界最重视家庭观念的群体，却仍然在大年夜聚集在一起，一遍又一遍地讲诉着彼此的故事，带着美好的寓意和企盼，走向更美好的明天。

今天，我们的研学队伍来到莫高窟，七月的大西北，太阳一出来，戈壁滩如同火炉，人们不敢在太阳底下多呆一秒钟。但这是不能阻挡我的热情的，老实说，走进莫高窟，是我向往已久的愿望。

原来，出于保护的需要，莫高窟内是没有任何照明设备的，黑暗、清凉、气味重。因为事先有老师的介绍，我们了解到了莫高窟的历史价值与文化价值，知道一些关于它多难的历史，所以，走进窟内，大家表情严肃，无人说笑打闹。

在解说员手电筒灯光的照射下，石窟里的景象逐渐清晰。那一处处壁画，生动形象、栩栩如生，着实令人眼前一亮。窟内一般由塑像和壁画组成，伏羲、女娲、雷神、飞天……这些只在书中看到的神话人物，在壁画上屡屡出现。在导游的介绍下，我才知道，壁画也好，雕塑也要，他们有许多都是在讲述着一则则佛家故事，非常生动形象。我想，用这种方式传递佛教是很能激起人兴趣的。

记忆最深的是关于佛祖的雕塑。佛祖的神色第一眼给人带来的是惊悚，但看久了后，便能体会到那神色中实则包含着的是佛门的慈悲。石窟中见到最多的是七个佛像，它们的排位也都相同，佛祖释迦摩尼居中，它的佛像最大，雕刻得也最为精细，但令我印象最为深刻的是佛祖像的左侧那尊佛像，释迦摩尼的大弟子苦行僧，他的裸露出的肌肤似乎真的历经了千磨万难，皮包骨瘦，那根根肋骨都能清晰的瞧见，深邃的目光中透露出他对前方艰险磨难的坚定与无所畏惧，我不禁为这群古代艺术家们的高超技艺折服。

这些雕塑美中不足便是有些部位缺损了，后来我才知道，它们有的是因自然原因，但更多的是人为造成的，到底是为什么呢?

这时讲解员向我们解答了。原来，这莫高窟中的许多经文、壁画、雕塑都已流落异国了，当时中国正处于纷乱状态，那时的政事怎有精力来看管这处东方的卢浮宫呢。

半天的时间很短，但让我领略了中华文化的历史悠久，艺术博大精深;也让我认识到了文化艺术繁荣的背后，一定有一个强大的社会支撑。

美国是一个联邦共和国,为首都的华盛顿特区，小编收集了介绍美国的英语作文，欢迎阅读。

第二篇：介绍美国的英语作文

The United States of America, also known as the United States, the U.S., the U.S.A., and America, is a country in North America that shares land borders with Canada and Mexico, and a sea border with Russia. Extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, the United States is a federal republic, with its capital in Washington, D.C.

The present-day continental United States has been inhabited for at least 15,000 years by indigenous tribes.[1] After European exploration and settlement in the 16th century, the English established their own colonies—and gained control of others that had been begun by other European nations—in the eastern portion of the continent in the 17th and early 18th centuries. On 4 July 1776, at war with Britain over fair governance, thirteen of these colonies declared their independence. In 1783, the war ended in British acceptance of the new nation. Since then, the country has more than quadrupled in size: it now consists of 50 states and one federal district; it also has numerous overseas territories.

At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.5 million km²), the U.S. is the third or fourth largest country by total area, depending on whether the disputed areas of China are included. It is the worlds third most populous nation, with nearly 300 million people.

The United States has maintained a liberal democratic political system since it adopted its Articles of Confederation on 1 March 1781 and the Constitution, the Articles replacement, on 17 September 1787. American military, economic, cultural, and political influence increased throughout the 20th century; with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War, the nation emerged as the worlds sole remaining superpower.[2] Today, it plays a major role in world affairs.

The earliest known use of the name America is from 1507, when a globe and a large map created by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in Saint-Die-des-Vosges described the combined continents of North and South America. Although the origin of the name is uncertain[3], the most widely held belief is that expressed in an accompanying book, Cosmographiae Introductio, which explains it as a feminized version of the Latin name of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci (Americus Vespucius); in Latin, the other continents names were all feminine. Vespucci theorized, correctly, that Christopher Columbus, on reaching islands in the Caribbean Sea in 1492, had come not to India but to a "New World".

The Americas were also known as Columbia, after Columbus, prompting the name District of Columbia for the land set aside as the U.S. capital. Columbia remained a popular name for the United States until the early 20th century, when it fell into relative disuse; but it is still used poetically and appears in various names and titles. A female personification of the country is also called Columbia; she is similar to Britannia.[4][5][6][7] Columbus Day, a holiday in the U.S. and other countries in the Americas commemorating Columbus October 1492 landing.

The term "united States of America" was first used officially in the Declaration of Independence, adopted on 4 July 1776. On 15 November 1777, the Second Continental Congreadopted the Articles of Confederation, the first of which stated "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be The United States of America."

The adjectival and demonymic forms for the United States are American, a point of controversy among some.

翻译：

美利坚合众国,也被称为美国,美国,美国,是一个在北美国家,陆地边界与加拿大和墨西哥,和一个与俄罗斯的海上边界。从大西洋到太平洋,美国是一个联邦共和国,为首都的华盛顿特区

当今美国大陆已经居住了至少15000年的土著部落。[1]在16世纪欧洲的探索和殖民之后,英国建立了自己的殖民地和控制他人所开始较之其他欧洲大陆的东部地区在17和18世纪早期。1776年7月4日,在战争与英国公平治理,十三个殖民地宣布独立。在1783年战争结束后在英国接受的新国家。自那以来,中国已超过四倍大小:现在由50个州和一个联邦地区;它还有众多的海外领土。

²超过370万平方英里(370万多公里),美国是第三或第四大的国家,面积,取决于中国的争议地区。它是世界上第三人口最多的国家,有近3亿人。

美国一直保持着自由民主政治体系的文章,因为它采用了联盟1781年3月1日,宪法,文章的更换,1787年9月17日。美国的军事、经济、文化和政治影响力增加贯穿整个20世纪,随着苏联解体,冷战结束,美国成为这个世界剩下的唯一超级大国。今天[2],它在世界事务中扮演着重要的角色。

最早使用的名称美国从1507年开始,当一个截止阀和一个大地图创建的瓦尔德泽米勒所绘制德国地理学家马丁在Saint-Die-des-Vosges描述了北美和南美大陆。虽然名字的起源是不确定的[3],最普遍的信仰是表示在一本书,Cosmographiae Introductio,这也解释了它作为一个女性化版本的拉丁名字的意大利探险家阿美利哥韦斯普奇(绒毛Vespucius);在拉丁语中,其他大陆的名字都是女性。韦斯普奇的理论正确,克里斯托弗·哥伦布到达1492年在加勒比海岛屿,已经不是印度,而是一个“新的世界”。

美洲也被称为哥伦比亚,在哥伦布,促使土地的名字特区留出随着美国资本。美国哥伦比亚大学仍然是一个受欢迎的名字,直到20世纪初,当它落入相对废弃;但它仍然是用诗意和出现在不同的名字和头衔。国家也被称为哥伦比亚的女性化身,她是类似于不列颠。[4][5][6][7]哥伦布日,假期在美国和其他国家在美洲纪念哥伦布1492年10月着陆。

“美利坚合众国”这个词第一次被使用在《独立宣言》正式通过1776年7月4日。1777年11月15日,第二届大陆Congreadopted联盟的文章,第一个表示“本联盟的阶梯美利坚合众国。”

形容词的和demonymic形式对美国是美国人,在一些争议。

第二篇：介绍美国的英语作文

USA field place North America central section , east face Atlantic Ocean , the north being near to Canada , meet Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. Subordinate Alaska is located in the North America northwest part , Hawaii is located in middle Pacific Ocean north part. Always cover an area of 9372614 square Qianmi. The coastline is long 22680 kilometers. The plain is that Indian lives in a compact community field. 15 ends of the century Spain , Holland , France , United Kingdom etc. migrate consecutively having come this far. In the 18 centuries fronts,United Kingdom has built 13 colonies along the bank in North America Atlantic Ocean. 1775 has been annual , has broken out to oppose United Kingdom colonizing comrades Revolutionary War. 1776 annual 7 month 4 days colonial people announce "Declaration of Independence" , announce setting up USA. 1783 annual Revolutionary War are over , United Kingdom admits that 13 colonies are independent. 1787 years pass USA constitution , set up the federation republic. 1803 years purchase Louis anna from France (be located in extensive USA central section area). 1819 years purchase Fla. from Spain. 1845 years invade and occupy Mex Texas. Fields such as that , California 1848 years are ended to Mexican War have got New Mexcico , Yalisang the day afer tomorrow. 1853 years have striven for a piece of land land of Arizona now the southern part and New Mexico southwest part from Mexico. Alaska and Aleutian Islands 1867 years have been bought to tsarist Russia. 1898 years have annexed Hawaii. These places successively add afterwards if federation , USA who forms nows, 1971 annual 1 month 1 day surname our country establishes diplomatic relations.

翻译：

美国北美中央部分,东面临大西洋,北接近加拿大,满足南部墨西哥和墨西哥湾。下属阿拉斯加位于北美洲西北部,夏威夷位于太平洋中部北部。总占地面积9372614平方西域。海岸线长22680公里。印度平原是住在一个紧凑的社区。15世纪的西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等迁移连续出现这么远。18世纪,英国已建立了13个殖民地沿着银行在北美大西洋。1775年,爆发反对英国殖民同志的革命战争。1776年7月4日殖民地人民宣布“独立宣言”,宣布设立美国。1783年独立战争结束,英国承认13个殖民地是独立的。美国1787年通过宪法,成立联邦共和国。1803年从法国购买路易斯安娜广泛(位于美国中部部分地区)。1819年购买佛罗里达州。从西班牙,德州1845年入侵并占领墨西哥人。等领域,加州1848年墨西哥战争有新的Mexcico结束,明天Yalisang后。1853年已精心准备的一块土地的土地现在亚利桑那州南部和西南部新墨西哥州来自墨西哥的一部分。阿拉斯加阿留申群岛1867年买了沙皇俄国。1898年吞并夏威夷。这些地方先后添加之后如果联盟,美国现在的形式,1971年1月1日姓我们国家建立了外交关系。

翻译:

长城位于北京延安区军都山关古道。它规模宏大，非常雄伟，被誉为八大奇迹之一。

长城长8851千米，宽约为5公尺，它的东南部地形以平原、丘陵为主，除了黄土高原地势较高外，大部分在海拔2000米和海拔500米。它从东边山海关一直到西边的嘉峪关，曲曲折折的像一条长龙，盘旋于大地上。

烽火台是长城重要的设施，它又称烽燧，用于点烽火台传递重要信息的高台。是古代最重要的防御设施，是为了防止敌人入侵，发现敌情所建设。每格5千米就有一座，白天焚狼烟，晚上点明灯。

长城的城墙很有建筑性，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。顶上也铺着方砖，很平坦，并且十分宽，五六匹马都能并列走过去。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排垛子，垛子上方有方形的瞭望口和射击口，供瞭望和射击用的，非常牢固。

长城始建于周朝，从战国以来经历20多个诸候国和封建王朝的修筑，最早是楚国开营建长城，后来各国修筑自己的长城。秦统一六国后秦始皇就开始把各国长城连起，绵延万于里，遂称万里长城。

俗话说：“不到长城非好汉。”长城是中国的古代的文化遗产，非常雄伟。是世界八大奇迹之一，是中国的一张金字名片。

Nowadays, Chinese people are everywhere, on the one hand, they like to travel and on the other hand, the population is very large. But foreigners’ impression on Chinese is not always good. The media have reported the negative incidents that were brought by Chinese tourists, and many foreigners have given their opinion and criticized the tourists’ behavior. It is true that many Chinese people haven’t realized their bad behavior, such as talking loudly in the public occasion. As we have the large population, so not every people has the chance to receive good education. What’s more, the foreign media just reported the bad side while ignoring the good side, so the foreign people always think Chinese people are rude. We admit that we are not doing well enough and we need to behave ourselves. And I believe that a wise man will make his own judgment when he communicate with Chinese.

伴随着淅淅沥沥的小雨，我们一家人来到了举世瞩目的西安秦兵马俑博物馆。

在此之前，我想象中的兵马俑是进了大门，浮现在眼前的便是几个大坑。早已破碎的陶瓷残片堆放着，但听了历史老师一番激情澎湃的讲解后，便激发了我的好奇心，想着一定要去里面看个究竟。

走进大门，参观的人群比肩接踵。和我想象中的完全不同，每个坑都是有房子的，进到一号坑时，映入眼帘的便是一个约有几百平方米的坑。快步靠近，才看到历史老师口中那雄伟的兵马俑。

排列整齐的兵俑一个个笔直竖立在那里，灰铜色中泛着青绿色。带上眼镜仔细观察，才发现他们是有表情的，而且每个动作，姿势都有所不同。有的表情严肃庄重，有的面带微笑。有的半身卧蹲，如果他们有肤色的话，简直和真人一模一样。

顺势再向前望去，见到几位考古队员身穿工作服，手拿探测仪器，紧密细致地蹲在空中考古，发掘着仍未发现的兵马俑。我随着人流从后门走出，前往下一号坑。

二号坑明显比一号坑小一些，里面还有一些残缺的兵马俑。据说是因为当时未完工，就发生战乱，所以就地掩埋起来。让我记忆深刻的是名叫幸运星的一尊兵马俑了，他是单独存放在外面的，说是因为发觉时，因为它保存的完好无损，所以名幸运星。邻近细看，就连每一个发际线，指甲盖衣褶都能看得一清二楚，表情严肃而又坚毅，眼睛温和而又深邃。

从博物馆出来，我不禁为中国古代能工巧匠们的的鬼斧神工深深折服。时至今日，陶俑们坚毅的面部表情仍深深的印在我的脑海里。

中国有五千年的文明史，延续到今天，处处展现出丰富多彩的中国传统文化。有精美的民间工艺。如：剪纸、陶瓷、版画、雕塑、木刻、染织、虎头鞋、麦草画、烙画、唐三彩、面人；有古老的民间艺术，如：戏剧、评书、皮影、国画、刺绣、风筝、园林建筑、服装饰品、；还有独特的风俗习惯，如：春节贴春联、元宵闹花灯、端午赛龙舟、中秋吃月饼、土家族的“走婚”、傣族的“泼水节”。在我国有好多传统节日：春节、元宵节、清明节、端午节、中秋节、重阳节、。其中最为隆重的是春节和中秋节了，最有纪念意义的是端午节。春节，这是中国人最隆重的节日，世界上有华人的地方，就都过春节，不管离开家多远，不管走到那里，春节这一天都要赶回妈妈身边。为了这一天，家家户户都要早早地打扫家、贴窗花、买年货、贴对联、放鞭炮、穿新衣、吃饺子、辞旧迎新、为新的一年键健康康，一帆风顺。

中秋节，是个团圆节。人们经过春种、夏播后，到了秋收。这个季节，秋高气爽、五谷丰登、瓜果飘香、人们劳作了一年，丰收在望。所以家家户户做月饼、吃月饼、赏月饼、象征着一年团团圆圆。

另外，端午节是为纪念一位爱国诗人——屈原而流传下来的。诗人屈原不满当时政府被贬到楚江一带，诗人感到前途暗淡，在五月初五这一天投江而死。当地人民为纪念他，在每年的这一天，包粽字、吃粽子，还有的地方举行赛龙舟的活动。

生活中，我们处处可以感受到中国丰富多采的传统文化，这些传统的东西是祖国的瑰宝，是需要我们代代相传，一直传承下去。

[中国的传统文化精选作文

中国文化是各式各样，层出不穷的！比如说：中国的诗集、三字经、弟子规、千字文……都具有中国文化，这说明我们中国文化多么被人们接受和喜爱啊！

中国的诗集是棒的；中国的戏剧是棒的；中国的书法是棒的；中国的语言是棒的；中国的人民也是棒的……这些都是中国文化所创造的奇迹。

首先我们先来介绍中国的诗集；中国的诗集有唐诗三百首，有弟子规、有千字文、还有三字经等等。这些都是活脱脱的例子。这里面每一个词，每一个字都蕴涵着中国文化的底韵；也蕴涵着中国古代人民的智慧。

中国的戏剧是棒的：你看京剧、秦腔、河北梆子等等，都具有我们的灵魂，中国的精华，也不例外表现出了各个民族的特点，各个民族的智慧。

中国的书法是棒的：你看古时候多少人为了练好书法，写坏了多少毛笔，写满了多少张纸啊！咱们书法被多少外国人学习，多少外国人敬仰我们的书法啊！

中国的语言是棒的：你看成词、生字和各种修辞方法都能提高我们说话时的文明和生动，每一个都出口成章，人们都利用说话推选出了律师、辨者，这不都是咱们中国的语言吗？

中国人民也是棒的：你看古时候的人民多么落后啊！都被外国人侵略了国土，外国人当时很强大，而我们中国却十分弱小。但是，我们中国人民靠意志，靠精神，靠我们中国人民的团结，把他们狠狠地打出了中国的境区。可是，当别的国家发生自然灾害时，我们不计前嫌，一如既往的帮助他们，关心他们，没有丝毫的怨言，没有丝毫的抱怨，中国派出了多少警员，多少人死于他乡，他们为和平付出生命的代价。

同学们，中国文化多么富有中国人民的精神啊，中国文化是我们的国粹，是我们的灵魂，是我们的精髓，请大家多多宣传我们中国的文化，让更多的人们认识我们中国，了解我们中国。

中国的传统文化就像一座巨大的宝库。在这里我们可以认识古代大思想家，了解古代神话故事，欣赏古代建筑……，我最喜欢的有：中国剪纸、中国戏曲、中国皮影等等。

中国的剪纸文化非常有趣、好玩。我们可以剪出花鸟鱼虫、梅兰竹菊。我见过剪出的花鸟鱼虫惟妙惟肖，十分逼真。我还见过剪出的梅兰竹菊，看着这些花花草草感觉就能闻到花香。

中国的戏曲博大精深、历史悠久。我都听过的戏曲有：豫剧、京剧、黄梅戏、昆曲等等。我刚刚听到这些戏曲的时候我不知道他们在唱些什么，后来妈妈说：那戏曲里都在讲述一个个感天动地的故事，让我学到了很多道理。

中国的皮影戏就更美了。我看过武松打虎、美猴王、三打白骨精。这些皮影戏做工精良、惟妙惟肖，一根根丝线牵着皮影的手脚一上一下，特别好看、好玩。

这就是中国美丽的传统文化，我欢迎五洲四海的游客常来中国玩，我们也要保护和传承中国的传统文化。

中国的传统文化可多了！我一下子还说不完，今天我就给大家介绍中国的陶瓷艺术吧！

中国传统陶瓷艺术，尤见装饰匠心。中国传统陶瓷装饰形式，大体上有刻镂、堆贴、模印、釉色、化妆土、彩绘六类型。图案纹样装饰于陶器早在新石器时代的仰韶文化中的彩陶上就已出现。先民们感受生活的自然现象创造出波拆纹、圆形纹、编织纹等图案，以二方连装饰形式呈现在陶瓷器物上，在西安半坡遗址出土一件绘有精美的人面和鱼纹的彩陶盆是新石器时代彩陶中的精品。陶器上的纹饰体现了先辈们对于自然和人自身观察的结果，陶工们对于点、线、面的熟练融合，对于花纹繁密的组合，以及对于旋纹与孤线的审美感，不但表明了他们对于自然和人类自身有了一定的认识，而且还表明了自然界已经脱离了他们的原貌，增加了人的思想和人的想象力，以及人对自然的美化和崇拜。商、周时代是以青铜器为时代标志的历史阶段，这一时期的陶瓷纹饰和青铜器饰相似，刻纹白陶的烧制成功是制陶工艺上的一个重要的里程碑。它用高岭土制坯，烧成的温度达1000多摄度，素洁可爱的造型与优美的纹饰相结合，逗人喜爱。追溯中国历史各个时期的陶瓷产品，陶瓷装饰有两大特点：一类是以适合陶瓷器皿上进行工艺转换表现形式；另一类是以中国绘画形式在陶瓷器皿上进行工艺转换表现形式。

中国传统的艺术——陶瓷的故事是多么有趣啊！陶瓷还是我国最为大的创造呢！

我过年时干了很多事：有拜年、包饺子、放烟花、吃团圆饭……

但我最喜欢贴春联了，大年三十的早晨，我和大舅便开始贴春联了。我们先撕去旧春联，然后分工合作：我递浆糊，大舅用刷子把浆糊刷到门框两边;因大舅是做生意的，我们选中了一幅春联，上联是：生意兴隆通三江，下联是：财源广进达四海，横批是：财源茂盛，我便一条一条递给大舅，大舅便从右向左贴了起来，不一会儿，春联便贴好了，该贴门画了，我们挑来挑去，挑中了一幅画有金童玉女的门画，便从左贴了起来，金童贴在左边，玉女贴在右边，我仔细一看，发现了问题：为什么没有贴“福”字?我问大舅，大舅说：“福”字贴在里面的小门上。

春联贴完了，我也成了大花猫。但我很高兴，因为我知道了贴春、门画寄托了人们的美好愿望及对新年的祝福。

秦兵马俑是我国重要的历史文物，据说是杨培安老先生在挖井时无意中发现的。秦兵马俑位于西安的陵东的博物馆，它规模宏大，气势雄伟，目前已经发现了三个俑坑，其中一号俑坑最大，有50个篮球场那么大，出土的兵马俑有一千多个，估计共埋有六千多个兵马俑。古代认为

阴阳相通

，阴间和阳间是一样的，因此秦始皇在13岁登基时希望自己去世后能有一支强大的地下军队保护自己和自己的江山社稷，于是下令造了和真人一样大的兵马俑。可惜的是，许多出土的兵马俑已经破损了。

二号和三号俑坑虽然小了一些，但因为坑比较深，所以出土的陶俑相对比较完整。兵马俑不仅拥有宏大的规模，而且品种也十分繁多，将军俑身材魁梧，有的仰首视天，有的低头含额，好像在思考如何战胜敌手。

武士俑杀气腾腾;中级吏官俑忠心于怀;文官俑捻着胡须，好像下一秒就会诗兴大发;跪射俑单膝跪地，好像一箭射出去就会旗开得胜;那些小马驹儿，身材和真的马一般大小，那跃跃欲试的样子，好像一声令下就会腾空而起与敌人拼个你死我活。仔细观看，每个兵马俑五官、身材、神态都各不相同。据说，他们都是按照秦始皇军营里的将士们塑造出来的，难怪这样弱栩栩如生。规模宏大，威武端庄、种类繁多

秦兵马俑真是世界雕刻史上的一大壮举压。

"America， to endure， must change…… Change to preserve Americas ideals—— life， liberty， the pursu

"america， to endure， must change……

change to preserve americas ideals—— life， liberty， the pursuit of happiness. though we march to the music of our time，our mission is timeless."

—— president bill clinton， 1993

a society in transition

shifts in the structure of american society， begun years or even decades earlier， had become apparent by the time the 1980s arrived. the composition of the population and the most important jobs and skills in american society had undergone major changes.

the dominance of service jobs in the economy became undeniable. by the mid-1980s， capping a trend under way for more than half a century， three-fourths of all employees worked in the service sector —— for instance， as retail clerks， office workers， teachers， physicians and other health care professionals， government employees， lawyers， and legal and financial specialists.

service-sector activity benefited from the availability and increased use of the computer. this was the information age， with hardware and software that could aggregate previously unimagined amounts of data about economic and social trends. the federal government had made significant investments in computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s as part of its military and space programs. in the late 1970s， two young california entrepreneurs， working out of a garage， assembled the first widely marketed computer for home use， named it the apple —— and ignited a

revolution. by the early 1980s， millions of microcomputers had found their way into u.s. businesses and homes， and in 1982， time magazine dubbed the computer its "machine of the year."

meanwhile， americas "smokestack industries，" such as steel and textiles， were in decline. the u.s. automobile industry reeled under competition from such highly efficient japanese car makers as toyota， honda and nissan —— many of which opened their own factories in the united states. by 1980 japanese automobile manufacturers controlled a quarter of the american market. only by the late 1980s and early 1990s did u.s. manufacturers begin to match the

cost efficiencies and engineering standards of their japanese rivals， and start winning back the share of the domestic car market they had ceded to imports over the previous two decades. although consumers were the beneficiaries of this ferocious competition —— and in other highly competitive industries， as well， such as computers —— the painful struggle to cut costs meant the permanent loss of thousands of jobs in the u.s. auto industry.

population patterns shifted as well. after the end of the postwar "baby boom，" which lasted from approximately 1946 to 1964， the overall rate of population growth declined and the population grew older. household composition also changed. in 1980 the percentage of family households dropped; a quarter of all groups were now classified as "nonfamily households，" in which two or more uelated persons lived together.

new immigrants changed the character of american society in other ways. the 1965 reform in immigration policy shifted the focus away from western europe， and the number of new arrivals from asia and latin america increased

dramatically. vietnamese refugees， for example， poured into the united states in the aftermath of the war. in 1980， 808，000 immigrants arrived， the highest number in 60 years， as the country once more became a haven for people from around the world......