七年级英语作文专项训练（经典20篇）

If set up a holiday, I want to set up a reading festival.

There is a celebrity once said: books are the ladder of human progress. Can learn directly from the book in predecessors experience, knowledge to make our trips up again on the way forward little, little detours. Reading can broaden our horizons, cultivate our feelings... The benefits of reading.

But now, we learn a lot of pressure, although we also want to read more books, but the heavy academic burden and a variety of extracurricular cram school, the remedial class is our breath, where still have time to read more books? So I can look forward to establish a special reading festival.

In reading festival on this day, we dont have to go to school, dont do your homework, you can enjoy all the extra-curricular, explicitly swim in the sea of knowledge. Can communicate with friends their own reading experience, express their own unique insights. Can also and students to act out the scene in the book! Reading festival can each month once or twice a week.

How I hope to have a reading festival!

如果设立一个节日，我要设立一个读书节。

有一个名人曾经说过：书是人类进步的阶梯。从书中可以直接学到前人的经验，知识使我们再前进的路上少摔跟头，少走弯路。读书可以开阔我们的视野，陶冶我们的情操……读书的好处数不胜数。

可是现在，我们的学习压力很大，虽然我们也很想多读书，可是过重的学业负担和五花八门的课外补习班，辅导班压得我们喘不过气来，哪里还有时间多读书呢?因此，我特别期盼能设立一个读书节。

在读书节这一天，大家不用上学，不用做作业，可以尽情地看课外书，痛痛快快地在知识的海洋里畅游。可以和同学朋友交流自己的读书体会，表达自己的独特见解。还可以和同学把书中的情景表演出来!读书节可以每个月一次或每周两次。

我多么希望有一个读书节啊!

根据中文设置的情景和英文提示词语，写出语法正确，意思连贯的句子。所给的英文提示词语必须都用上。

上星期日，我们乘车去西山植树。一些学生种树，其他学生……

1. it, fine, last sunday

2. we, go, west hill, by bus

3. some, plant trees, other, carry water

4. because, we, work hard, tired, happy

5. all, know, stop… form, blow, and, city, make, beautiful

___________________________________

it was fine last sunday. we went to west hill by bus. some students planted trees, others carried water. because we worked hard, we were tired, but we felt happy. we all know trees can stop the wind from blowing the sand towards the city, and they can make the city beautiful.

[中考英语作文训练:去西山植树去(Goes to Xishan to plant trees)

Today is Christmas, I said to mother: "merry Christmas!" My mother said to me: "merry Christmas". I ran to the kitchen to grandma said: "merry Christmas!" , grandma also said to me: "merry Christmas!" .

I walked to the kitchen window and saw through the window there are many children with a Christmas hat on a snowman, children to raise the dog and cat with a Christmas hat, also they are in the snow to trash, like in the drawing!

So I walked out of the house, I saw the square have many children, some in a snowman, some in the snowball fights.

I also want to a beautiful snowman, so I put on the ground of snow to rub into two snowball, made of black glass ball eyes again, made from carrot nose, hand broom, finally gives a snowman Christmas hat, wow! What a beautiful snowman!

At this moment, I looked at the sky, ah! Its not late, I should go home.

At home, before going to bed I put my socks on my bed and wake up in the morning, wow, all of my socks is are Santa Claus gave me a gift, have wood ultimate dragon king toys, 36 color crayons, Hamburg. I said in my heart silently: "thank you Christmas grandpa!" .

今天是圣诞节，我对妈妈说：“圣诞快乐!”妈妈对我说：“圣诞快乐”。我又跑到厨房对奶奶说：“圣诞快乐!”，奶奶也对我说：“圣诞快乐!”。

我走到厨窗边，透过窗户看到有许多带着圣诞帽的小朋友在堆雪人，小朋友们养着小狗、小猫也带着圣诞帽，它们在雪地上踩来踩去，好像在画画呢!

于是我走出家，我看到广场上有许多小朋友，有的在堆雪人，有的在打雪仗。

我也想堆一个漂亮的雪人，于是，我先把地上的雪搓成两个雪球，再用黑色的玻璃球做眼睛，用红萝卜做鼻子，用扫帚做手，最后给雪人带上圣诞帽，哇!多漂亮的雪人啊!

这时，我望了望天空，呀!天色不早了，我该回家啦。

回到家，睡觉前我把我的袜子挂我在我的床边，早晨醒来，哇，我的袜子是全是圣诞老人送给我的礼物，有木拉多终极龙王的玩具，36色水彩笔，汉堡。我在心里默默的说：“谢谢圣诞老爷爷!”。

英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。下面是小编为大家带来的基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练的知识，欢迎阅读。

英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：

一、 背诵：

首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，重点研究2001年6月—2005年12月的11次真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、 内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型；结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换；内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。历年英语四级六级真题 >>

二、默写：

背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。

三、 中译英：

首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。

四、 写作：

进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写5—10篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇120－150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。

英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按照上述步骤严格进行；基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作英语四级真题；其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进行中译英的工作，译完对比，找出差距；然后背诵；最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架，应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法，积累精彩句型。

做家务今天谁也不在家,爸爸妈妈全加班去了,只剩我一个人,心想:“妈妈每天一回家就做家务，今天谁也不在，我要把碗宝宝洗干净。

Do the housework today who are not at home, mom and dad all overtime, only I a person, I thought: "my mother every day to go home to do housework, who today is not in, Ill baby wash bowl.

我看着桌上一摞儿碗，发了一会儿呆，决定要帮妈妈洗碗，我先把油乎乎的碗抱到水池里，然后把洗洁剂挤在锅里，倒上水搅一搅起死回生小泡泡，现在可以把碗宝宝放进去洗泡泡澡了，洗了一会儿我又给碗宝宝洗了一个清水澡，干净的碗宝宝好像正冲我笑呢!

I looked at the table a pile of children bowl, made to stay for a while and decided to help his mother wash the dishes, I put the bowl to hold oil pool, and then put detergent in the pot, pour water stir up small bubbles, you can now put the bowl in the baby bubble bath, wash for a moment I gave the baby wash bowl a bowl of water bath, the baby clean like smiling at me!

看着自己的劳动成果，我开心极了!

Looking at your work, I was so happy!

I have a good friend. His name is Li Lei. He is 14 years old. He is of

medium build and of medium height. He has short straight black hair. And he has

two big eyes. He likes playing basketball, swimming and drawing. He also likes

listening to music. His favorite food is fish and chips. His favorite star is

Michael Jordan. And he wants to be a basketball player like Jordan.

My name is Susan. I‘m 12 years old.My favorite subject is Math.

Because I think it‘s difficult but funny.I like green very much.I often play volleyball after school.I think it‘s interesting .I like

playing the violin and the piano.My favorite day is Sunday.Because in that day I don‘t go to school.

It is time for sports It is about half past four.It is time for sport.The students are on the playground.

They are playing a football match.LiDong is one of them.He is good at football.He plays well.He is on the school football team.LiDong says,I like playing football.It is my favourite sport.LiDong‘s friends,PanChen and WangHaisay,He‘s a football fan.Ronaldo is his favourite player.

Look at the boys around the basketball court.Many boys are watching a basketball match.The tall boy,Tanglin,is very good at playing basketball.He is very fast and he plays well.Many of his friends say,He is a good basketball player.His favourite basketball player is YaoMing.His team is sure to win.

I hope they can be the good players of our country,too.

There are two dormitories(宿舍) for our class’s boys. I live in 2110.

We seven boys share the dormitory 2110. Every morning we get up at 6 o’clock. Sometimes one or two boys may wake up a little later. After washing， we go to the playground to do morning exercise.

At night， after the self-teaching classes， we go back to the dormitory. Some roommates enjoy singing loudly before the lights go out， some enjoy sharing their snacks and drinks with others， some go to bed early， and others read books or listen to the pop music late. We often tell jokes in the dormitory. The room is always full of cheers and laughter.

On the evening of Oct.18th， the Chinese national football team got their place in the World Cup. It’s the first time for our Chinese team. The Chinese people have dreamed of it for 44 years. Though the light was out we jumped up and down and shouted： “We are the winner! We are the winner!” At the very moment， “Bang! Bang! Bang!” We heard the noises of knocking at the door and a teacher shouted：“Don’t be so excited. Go to sleep now.” So we dared not make any noise. We even smiled in our dreams that night.

There are manyFestivals in China. Among them, I like theSpringFestival

most. Not only because it’s the biggest festival in the year, but also because

it’s a new beginning that brings hope to people and it’s time for family

gathering. Before the festival, people come home no matter where they are.

Usually, we have a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. And then families sit

together and share their lives or planes. Some will play games or hang out to

have some fun. On the New Year’s Day, people get up early and say good words to

anyone they meet. Children can get lucky money from relatives. In the following

days, we will visit relative’s home and bring New Year’s wishes to them. In

short, it’s a time for family gathering and all of us enjoy it.

my dream When I was a little girl, I had a dream to be a famous writer. I remembered that I made a big decision to realize my dream that I started my first writing of a novel. I was a skinny little school-girl with glasses who dreamt up characters with qualities I longed to embody – they were pretty and powerful and lived lives full of intrigue and drama. After I finished high school, although that story like most of my writings ended up unfinished and stayed in the bottom of my desk drawers, I enjoyed and made fun of my writings when I read them later. Now I am a college student majored in engineering who studies science and math everyday. In the mean time, I am trying to bring my first book to an end. I have been always thinking why we couldn’t take our dreams into our own hands. I would encourage everybody to find ways to live their dreams, whether on a small scale – like my writing of a novel – or a bigger scale, like going after a job we have always wanted. I am living with part of my little passion, in my own way.

我的梦想,当我还是个小女孩的时候,我有一个梦想成为一个著名作家写的。我记得,我犯了一个重大决定实现我的梦想,我开始我的第一个写的小说。我是一个瘦小的女生戴眼镜与品质我渴望梦想的人物体现——他们是漂亮的和强大的,生活充满了阴谋和戏剧。我高中毕业后,虽然这个故事最喜欢我的作品最终完成的,住在我抽屉的底部,我喜欢和取笑我的作品以后当我读它们。现在我是一个大学生主修工程每天研究科学和数学。同时,我想结束我的第一本书。我总是思考为什么我们不能把我们的梦想在我们自己的手中。我鼓励大家想办法住自己的梦想,是否在小范围内——就像我写的小说——或者更大的规模,就像在我们一直想要的工作。我生活的一部分,我的小的激情,在我自己的方式。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! Its my honor to tell you about the

changes of mySchool.

When you walk around our school, you can see various flowers and trees

everywhere. At the same time, you can smell the taste, breathe fresh air. Its a

nice place for us to study.

Please look at the new building over there. Its our library that was

painted white again this year. It not only looks more beautiful, but also has

increasingly more books than before. Reading different kinds of books can

enhance our horizons and increase our knowledge. I still remember I entered the

school two years ago, the library was old enough and I always couldnt find my

favorite comic books. Therefore, I often complained to my classmates that the

library was out of fashion that we were not able to learn fresh knowledge in

it.

What was even worse, as a member of school basketball team, my partners and

I had few chances to practice, as the playground was too small to play and full

of so many students after school. Luckily, I dont have to worry about that

anymore, because our playground is large enough for all of us to play games, and

basketball court is also bigger. Thats wonderful!

My school has changed a lot, for it is more beautiful and modern. I love my

school.

In 2003 of SARS, influenza, fever is what a terrible ah, has attracted the attention of a great nation. At that time, very accidentally I also infected with the influenza, sudden fever, and havent been back for three days, the mother began to be nasty, from time to time be caring and attentive.At first, I also see in textile city hospital, then, listen to the doctor said I the illness is likely to be severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), call me in the hospital. Under this, my heart felt a qualm, tears streaming down and mother saw a consolation way: "dont be afraid, no matter what disease, the doctor here dont have to be afraid, always medical well."

But to say that finish, mothers eyes are red. Back home, mom and dad said: this light textile city, after all, is a small hospital, not to be trusted. Or else... Show him to the second hospital of shaoxing, where the doctors see more patients, have experienced.

Mother said: "all right, all right, anyway is better than the small hospital." The next day, mom and dad and then take me to the hospital to see. On the taxi, the driver moved speedily sent us to the second hospital outpatient service building, after blood tests to check, the doctor said I this is not in the early period of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), just call me in the hospital be in hospital, but a few days. I have heard, earnestly to the doctor said I am not in the hospital? The doctor firmly replied: "in the hospital is good for you."

Not much said, father, mother took me to the hospital pay booths.Days in hospital, I was slightly better, just went with dad itself through through the fresh air, go for a walk.Finally, I was released from the hospital and left with me for three weeks, hospital beds, the building of the aunts. Back to his home reunited.

[七年级下册英语考试作文

Green benefits more, it is much, this is the layman, but it how? What good?

On the earth, whether people or animals, no matter how much you if you want to survive, you must absorb a large number of oxygen, emit large amounts of carbon dioxide at the same time. But the earth is originally stored oxygen is limited, and there are not many, so oxygen should run out in N years ago, oxygen and from where to now? That is about to rely on the green plants.

Green plants can be in the sun for photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. Research shows that: each plants grow a ton, can produce five tons of oxygen. Absorb one ton of carbon dioxide per hectare of forest land every day, 0.735 tons of oxygen; Grass absorbs 0.9 tonnes of carbon dioxide per day per hectare, produce 0.6 tons of oxygen. So do not have oxygen on earth, as long as there is green in the city can also have the fresh air.

绿化好处多，实在是多，这是妇孺皆知的事情，可它究竟多在哪呢?又有什么好处呢?

在地球上，无论人或动物，无论你多厉害你要想生存下去就必须吸收大量的氧气，同时放出大量的二氧化碳。可地球是原本储存的氧气是有限的，而且并不多，这样氧气早该在N年前就用光了，现在的氧气又从哪里来呢?那就要靠绿色植物了。

绿色植物可以在阳光下进行光合作用，吸收二氧化碳，产生氧气。研究表明：植物每生长一吨，可产生五吨氧。每公顷林地每天的吸收一吨二氧化碳，产生0.735吨氧气;每公顷草地每天可吸收0.9吨二氧化碳，产生0.6吨氧气。这样一来地球上不就有氧气了，城市中只要有绿化带也可以有清新的空气了。

"Earth hour" campaign began in March 31, 2007. That night, in Sydney, Australia, about 2.2 million local residents lights for an hour, to support the action, the fight against global warming.

Only a year later, the event has been extended to all over the world, has become a global environmental protection activities. By 2008, as many as 370 urban residents to participate in 35 countries in the "earth hour" activities. Around the world between fifty million and one hundred million residents to support the "earth hour" activities and an hour to go to bed. Some landmark buildings, such as the golden gate bridge, the Roman arena, and Brazils statue of Christ, have put out an hour in the day, in response to a call to action to deal with global warming.

In 2009, the "earth hour" activities to create history, it witnessed the largest voluntary environmental protection activities. According to conservative estimates, about hundreds of millions of people involved. 88 countries in 4159 towns in response to the campaign and lights out for an hour, including capital cities in 73 countries and the global nine of the ten most populous cities. The sphinx in Egypt and the pyramids of giza, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Cape Town, South Africas table mountain and thousands of landmark buildings such as Niagara Falls and natural wonders joined this activity.

"Earth hour" activities in 2010 made history again, affect the number of people over 1.3 billion. From all continents as many as 4616 towns in 128 countries took part in the activities to go to bed. The Forbidden City in Beijing, the Brandenburg gate in Berlin, the President of the United States mountain (mount rushmore), Zimbabwes Victoria falls and the Hiroshima peace memorial park signs such as landscape, is the icing on the cake for "earth hour" activities. In China, the living won 33 city government official support, in which millions of Chinese ginseng. Participate in the activities more and more cities in the world, become the "earth hour" to tackle global warming action milestone.

In 2011 the "earth hour" activities not only confined to the lights for one hour and the fight against global warming. In advocating the homes, offices, government buildings and iconic landscape lights out for an hour at the same time, the "earth hour" is committed to promoting the sustainable environmental action.

“地球一小时”活动始于2007年3月31日。当晚，在澳大利亚悉尼，约有220万当地居民熄灯一小时，以支持采取行动，应对全球变暖。

仅仅在一年之后，该活动就被推广到世界各地，逐渐成为一项全球性的环保活动。到2008年，已有多达35个国家的370个城镇的居民参与到了“地球一小时”的活动中来。全球约有五千万到一亿的居民为支持 “地球一小时”活动而熄灯一小时。一些标志性建筑，比如金门大桥，古罗马竞技场，以及巴西的基督教救世主雕像，也都在当天熄灭一小时，以响应号召，采取行动应对全球变暖。

2009年的“地球一小时”活动创造历史，它见证了有史以来规模最大的志愿性环保活动。据保守估计，约有数以亿计人参与其中。88个国家中的4159个城镇为响应这项活动而熄灯一小时，其中包括73个国家的首都城市和全球十大人口最多城市中的九个城市。埃及的狮身人面像和吉萨的金字塔，巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔，南非开普敦的桌山和尼亚加拉大瀑布等上千个标志性建筑和自然奇观也加入到这项活动。

2010年的“地球一小时”活动再次创造了历史，影响的人数超过了13亿。来自各大洲多达128个国家的4616个城镇参与了熄灯活动。北京的紫禁城，柏林的勃兰登堡门，美国的总统山(拉什莫尔山)，津巴布韦的维多利亚大瀑布和广岛的和平纪念公园等标志景观的参与，更是为“地球一小时”活动锦上添花。在中国，这项活获得了33座城市的政府官方支持，数以百万计的中国人参于其中。全球越来越多的城市参与这项活动，成为了“地球一小时”应对全球变暖行动的里程碑。

2011年的“地球一小时”活动不仅仅局限于熄灯一小时和应对全球变暖的行动。在倡导家庭、办公室、政府建筑和标志性景观熄灯一小时的同时，“地球一小时”还致力于推动可持续的环保行动。

高考英语任务型写作训练练习（一）

读写任务（满分25分）

请阅读以下的短文，然后根据提供的任务说明和写作要求， 写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

（任务说明）

1.概括短文的内容要点（该部分的字数大约60-80）；

2.清楚地陈述你自己的看法；

3.提供具有一定说服力的论据或实例来支持你的观点，可以参照文中的内容，但不能抄袭文中的句子；

4.文章体裁不限，但必须结构合理，内容连贯，有条理性。

（阅读材料）

Almost everyone knows that water covers three-fourths of the earths surface. Most of it， however， is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also， some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact， less than one percent is left for the use of people， animals and plant life. All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce， but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel， petroleum， paper and rubber and so on. Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year 2003. If they are correct， we must find new ways of saving it or producing it. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug， and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another， they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.

参考范文

With the worldwide increase of population， more and more water is needed. Meanwhile，the water sources are getting polluted by human beings in one way or another. Some nations are taking measures to solve this problem. They even communicate with each other hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs of their people.

随着世界范围内的人口增长,越来越需要更多的水。与此同时,水源被污染,人类以一种方式或另一种方式。一些国家正在采取措施来解决这个问题。他们甚至相互沟通希望能找到更好的方法来保存并生成水来满足人民的需要。

On a personal level， to solve the problem with fresh water， both the government and inpiduals should make every effort. For example， for the government， it is urgent to make detailed laws that require businesses and inpiduals to stop polluting the environment and to save water while it is not necessarily used. Besides， education should be offered to all the citizens to raise their awareness of the importance of protecting environment and saving water. As inpiduals， we need to take action to play our own part in our everyday life.

在个人层面上,用淡水来解决这个问题,政府和个人都应该尽一切努力。例如,对于政府来说,迫在眉睫的是做出详细的法律,要求企业和个人停止污染环境,节约用水,而不一定是使用它。除此之外,教育应该提供给所有的公民提高他们的意识保护环境和节约用水的重要性。作为个人,我们需要采取行动来扮演自己的角色在我们的日常生活。

Dreams and Reality

When we talk about dreams, we are so excited, we have many dreams, such as

being a famous person, traveling around the world and so on.

Dreams are what we pursue for a lifetime, with many dreams, we have

motivation to fight for our life. The opposite side of dream is reality, we have

to face reality everyday, reality is what we perceive in our life.

Reality always frustrates us to be successful. We need to balance them.

First, we need to face reality, though it is not ideal, we live in a world, we

have to know exactly who we are. Second, to make our dreams come true, we need

to adjust our dreams according to the reality。

我们大家应该都知道保护环境人人有责!

We should all know that environmental protection is everyones responsibility!

我们生活的地球是很脆弱的，地球上的自然资源也是有限的，如果我们从现在开始保护环境和地球的话，我们生活的地球一定会变的更美好!

The earth on which we live is very fragile, the earths natural resources are limited, if we start from now on the protection of the environment and the earth, the earth we live will be more beautiful!

保护环境从我做起从我们大家身边的小事做起吧!

Environmental protection starts from me to start from the US side of the little things!

保护环境就是保护地球还是间接的保护我们人类自己，如果环境被破坏的话，那么我们赖以生存的家园就很有可能被沙漠吞噬 !

Protecting the environment is to protect the earth or indirectly to protect ourselves, if the environment is destroyed, then the survival of our home will likely be the desert!

我在这里向全世界的人们呼吁 保护环境人人有责 ! 如果我们还在这样的破坏环境的话，我们的家园即将遭到崩溃 。 那时我们便没有去处了， 保护环境人人有责 ， 从小事开始作起吧，

Im here to protect the environment is everyones duty to the people of the whole world! If the damage to the environment we are such a case, our home is about to be apart. At that time we had no place to go, Protect environment is everyones responsibility, from small start,

如我们不乱扔垃圾， 随地吐痰等。

If we do not littering, spitting etc..

保护环境人人有责!

Protect environment is everyones responsibility!

Since kindergarten, my father has prepared a desk for me. Its ginger. But

when I get to primary school, I have more and more knowledge to learn.

Gradually, my desk cant put any more learning supplies on it. My grandfather

has changed a big desk for me. At the beginning, I like it very much. But I

forget the good habits I have developed gradually. When I go home, no matter the

table or the small one Dinner table, as long as I dont put anything in it, has

become the place where I do my homework. My mother criticized me many times.

Sometimes I think why Im lazy now. I think Im too relaxed. Later, Ill pick up

my good habits gradually. Ill try my best....

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

人教新目标英语八年级上册作文

1.用日记格式写一篇旅游经历的作文。Unit1

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2.谈谈自己的好习惯和坏习惯（可以从eating ，living，studing等方面写）unit2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-

3.你和你朋友在外貌和性格方面有什么异同呢请以"My best friend and I"为题,运用比较级写一篇英语文章.unit3

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4.新学期要到了,写一篇关于学期的计划,讲述一下自己打算在新的学期要做些什么提示:可以写自己在学习,健身,娱乐,培养业余爱好等方面的计划或打算.unit6

New Year’s Resolutions

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4.想想自己20年后的生活是怎样的。以“My dream”我的梦想 为题写一篇80词左右的短文 unit7

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5你最喜欢会吃什么菜呢吗？请根据本单元知识叙述一下这种食物的制作过程. Unit8

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6.假如你的好友邀请你去参加生日聚会，但因为你下周的日程已经排满，不能前往。请根据提示给她回信婉言谢绝，并表达你的谢意。Unit9

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7.你以后可能会有很多钱,想一想,如果你有了钱,你会用它做什么

以If I have a lot of money为题写一篇80词左右的短文. unit10

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8.假设李平是你的朋友，他目前的身体状况不好。他从来不锻炼，他经常感到很紧张，很疲倦，他爱吃零食，有时会胃疼。这几天，他感冒了。头很痛。请写一封信给他，并给他一些建议

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