春天的英语写作素材_作文（推荐20篇）

It’s spring. It’s sunny and cloudy today. There are many big trees in the park. Mr. Black’s family have a picnic in a park. They bring many food there. They bring fruit, drink and bread. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black talk with each other. They talk very happily. Ann reads a magazine. Tom likes flying a kite. The kite flies very well. They are hungry now. They want to eat their food. They are very happy.

春天到了，今天的天气晴朗，多云。在公园里有很多的树木。布莱克先生一家在公园有一个野餐。他们带到了很多食物。有水果，饮料和面包。布莱克夫妇彼此交流着。他们聊得非常开心。荌在看报纸。汤姆喜欢放风筝。风筝飞得非常高。他们现在饿了，想吃带的食物，他们非常开心。

一个非常着名的公司要招聘一名业务经理，丰厚的薪水和各项福利待遇吸引了数百名求职者前来应聘。经过一番初试和复试，剩下了10名求职者。主考官对这10名求职者说：“你们回去好好准备一下，一个星期后，本公司的总裁将亲自对你们进行面试。”一个星期后，10名做了准备的求职者如约而至。结果，一个其貌不扬的求职者被留用下来，总裁问这名求职者：“知道你为什么会被留用吗?”这名求职者老实地回答：“不清楚。”总裁说：“其实，你不是这10名求职者中最优秀的。他们做了充分的准备，比如时髦的服装、娴熟的面试技巧，但都不像你所做的准备这样务实。你用了一种超常规的方式，对本公司产品的市场情况及别家公司同类产品的情况做了深入的调查与分析，并提交了一份市场调查报告。你没被本公司聘用之前就做了这么多工作，不用你又用谁呢?”

【温馨提示】从故事中可以发现，世上的事情有时就这么简单得让人难以置信：如果你墨守成规，等待你的只有失败;相反，如果你稍微动一下脑筋，对传统的思维方式进行一番创新，就可能获得成功。同学们可以从“充分的准备”、“超常规的方式”等角度思考作文的立意角度和材料选择，可谈“准备”、“创新”等对“生活”、“成功”的影响。

林则徐一生大起大落，曾多次受罚，甚至连降四级、五级，但无论怎样，他始终以人民利益作为自己一生的责任。且不说虎门销烟，单就充军发配新疆一例可见一斑。作为一个犯人，而且年老体弱，在充军途中，遇上了开封段黄河决堤，他义无反顾地冲上了前线，主持治水，并被特许迟缓发配一年之久。到达新疆后，他又带领当地百姓开垦农田，三年内开田竟达三千七百多公顷，并主持修建了一条长长的水渠，把天山上的雪水引下来灌溉土地，变荒地为良田，这渠一直沿用至今，已有一百六十多年的历史了。林则徐做这一切的时候，正是他在最不得志的时候，在最荒凉的地方，顶着最难理解的屈辱，干着最普通、最费力、最不容易露脸的事。但只要有利于人民、有利于国家、有利于后代，便在所不辞，管他是沉还是浮!像这样忠心耿耿为人民做事的人，人民怎能忘怀?

【温馨提示】运用这则材料时，我们不但要看到林则徐为人民所做的一系列好事，还要注意到那个时期是林则徐一生中最为艰难的时期。我们可以站在林则徐的立场上去细细揣摩他当时的心理活动过程;也可以再现当时情景，仔细描述他为民办实事的前后始末;还可以将其他人物的行为拿来对比，以突出林则徐为国为民的高尚情操。这则材料适用于“责任”、“奉献”、“考验”、“处世”、“美”、“风度”、“驾驭自己”等话题。

Spring in the air has been fascinating, vigorous spring once again appear in my eyes.

In my eyes, spring will only appear in the textbook, or other people of the book, such as the ba jins "spring". Always thought have yan son sang is spring, it is wrong. Because didnt wake up the grass, bamboo shoot, also didnt grow pointed hat, my heart is not open, why is cold, the wind sister didnt appear like spring all the year round. Why was the spring will become like this? Because all human beings. Human excessive deforestation, unscrupulous discharge sewage, a variety of industrial pollution, make even the head also dont go to the spring. Rising in the distance is not a peasant plumes, but wonderful black smoke. Spring walked, yan son will forgive us, yan son will go? No! If we are about to lose those society to progress, I would rather social marking time. Spring is coming? Also need to it. The river in front of the home also does not escape the bad luck, like other river - contaminated from the bottom to the detective. Constantly playing on TV "called on people to care for the environment", but how many people can do it again, those advertising producers can do it? And I also have a clear conscience to write this article. At this point, the chilly with dust and wind blowing through the window.

I dont want to see all this, I believe you also dont want to. Unity is strength, the strength of the masses is great, is enormous, as long as we unite as one, starts from me, the spring will come back.

In spring, I just want to say to you "you are quick to come back, I cant afford one person; you are quick to come back, life is wonderful because of you, you are quick to come back, bring back my missing". In the spring, you come back, Im waiting for you.

春天的气息一直令人着迷，充满朝气的春天又曾几何时出现在我的眼帘。

在我眼里，春天只会出现在课本上，或他人的书上，例如巴金的“春”。一直以为有燕儿唱了就是春天，原来这是错的。因为草儿还没醒，笋儿还没长出尖尖的帽，我的心儿也还没有开，风儿姐为什么也是冷冰冰的，好似整年“春天”也没出现。为什么原本的春天会变成这样?一切因为人类。人类过度的砍伐，肆无忌惮的排放污水，五花八门的工业污染，使春天连头也不会地走了。远处升起的不是农家的缕缕青烟，而是令人无比厌恶的黑烟。春天走了，燕儿是否会原谅我们，燕儿也会走吗?不!如果社会要进步我们就要失去那些，我宁愿社会原地踏步。春天还会来吗?也需吧。家乡门前的小河也逃不掉这厄运，和其它小河一样——被污染由清澈见底变成了浑浊不堪。电视上不断放着“呼吁人们爱护环境”的广告，但又有多少人能做到，那些广告的制作人能做到吗?而我，也是问心无愧才写这篇文章的。此时，冷飕飕的伴着沙尘的风又从窗外吹过。

我不愿再看到这一切，相信大家也不愿意。团结就是力量，群众的力量是伟大的，是巨大的，只要我们团结一致，从我做起，春天还会回来的。

春天，我只想对你说“你快回来，我一人承受不来;你快回来，生命因你而精彩;你快回来，把我的思念带回来”。春天，你回来吧，我等着你。

导语：我对火车有着极深的热爱，总感觉它有一种跟情怀相关的东西，慢悠悠地荡漾开来。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

我对火车有着极深的热爱，总感觉它有一种跟情怀相关的东西，慢悠悠地荡漾开来。

一位名人，聊起自己当年对火车的感受，说起这么一个细节。大学毕业时，他去看望即将分手的女友，想挽回一段感情，但“到底留不住被抛弃的命运”，失望而归，登上返程的火车。那时的绿皮火车很慢，缓慢开动时，门也未关，他突然瞥见女友出现在站台，躲在一根柱子后忍不住抽泣，他心里一动，一下就跳下火车……那虽然是一段有始无终的感情，但因了火车，记住了一段年少轻狂的岁月。

《山居杂忆》中提起小时候跟父母一起坐火车，从杭州到上海，沿途小站都停，小孩子容易入睡，睡一会儿醒来，桌子上摆满了玫瑰酥糖、葱管糖，长安镇的特产，站台上买的;经过嘉兴，站台上可以买到南湖菱、嘉兴粽;再到另一个小站，又可以买到松江的酱烧猪蹄筋、酱麻雀，盛在用细竹编的小篓子里……车厢里满满的惊喜和生活气息。到开饭的时间了，餐车还送来热腾腾的鸡蛋炒饭，满车的葱香味，小孩们最爱……那时的生活大概是接地气些吧，回忆中总有香气。

读《繁花》时，我最喜欢其中那段对于慢火车的描写：

“江南晓寒，迷蒙细雨，湿云四集。春游，等于一块起司蛋糕，味道浓，可以慢慢吃，尤其坐慢车，最佳选择。人少，时间慢，窗外风景慢，心情适宜。

春天短，蛋糕小，层次多，味道厚，因此，慢慢看，慢慢抿。

窗外，似开未开的油菜花，黄中带青。稻田生青，柳枝也青青，曼语细说之间，风景永恒不动。”

"Where is the spring ah, where is the spring, the spring in the green forest, there are flowers, there is grass, there is little Orioles are singing." So we went to the grass to look for spring. The beautiful flowers in the grass with a bud, was very shy, he sent the intoxicating fragrance, refreshing.

Butterflies dancing beside them are colorful, as if deliberately decorated with beautiful flowers, so that the flowers full of vitality and set, like green leaves against red flowers, red flowers with butterflies. What a beautiful picture! It was easy for us to arrive early in the hidden spring.

导语：英语作文在英语试卷中还是相当重要的一部分，你知道写作有哪些技巧吗?下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

初中英语作文分为四等。一等文：13-15分;二等文：9-12分;三等文：5-8分;四等文：0-4分。教给大家十个字，搞定初中英语写作，帮你拿到一等文。

要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点

要点：

实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译!因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。

结构：

中考最流行的结构就是三段式，深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么尼?因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说XQis extremely strong。观点明确，这一句足矣。2014年中考英语写作技巧

第二段：分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten mealseveryday!详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day!详举做了什么运动。

第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如，Howstrong and robust XQ is!I hope to be him one day!

逻辑：

这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first，second，third，finally等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition，whatsmore，moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word，all inall(表示总结的)。转折：but，yet，however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。

语法：

其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的。如，单词的使用，时态等。

亮点：

当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful，good-looking，B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。

英语作文依靠的是同学们的语感和平时的积累，但是在面临中考的紧要关头，要想在短时间内提高英语写作水平不是一件容易的事情，这就需要同学们掌握中考英语作文写作技巧。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

下面时候语文迷网为大家带来的关于古今中外的著名人物的素材，供大家写作时参考。

1成吉思汗：中国历史上，有这样一位叱咤风云的人物：他戎马倥偬，征战一生，一把弯弓缔造蒙古汗国，不下马背纵横欧亚诸国;有人说他是东方战神，有人说他是千年风云第一人;西方崇拜他的人赞美他是“全人类的帝王”，毛泽东称他为“一代天骄”;这个打破东西方壁垒、书写中国最大版图的巨人，就是史籍上被尊称为元太祖的成吉思汗。

2、曹操：三国群雄，首推曹操。文不如曹植，武不如吕布，谋不如孔明，工不如满宠……可是又有谁可以超过曹操?超过这位三国第一人?原因何在?“吾任天下之智力”，曹操如是说。吾无才，天下之才皆我之才，凭着超凡的政治才能，曹操在三国舞台长袖善舞，独领风骚。

3、毛泽东：雄鸡一唱，天下大白，旭日东升，一位伟人昂首挺立在世界的东方，天地万物瞬时蒸腾，人民解放的浪潮席卷华夏大地。玉宇澄清，星火燎原，一个将才的睿智;指点江山，激扬文字，一个领袖的激昂。苍茫大地，谁主沉浮?历史的辉光泻在您的肩上，现代中国从此刻下了一个红色的姓名：毛泽东。

4、袁隆平：他是一位真正的耕耘者。当他还是一个乡村教师的时候，已经具有颠覆世界权威的胆识;当他名满天下的时候，却仍然只是专注于田畴，淡泊名利，一介农夫，播撒智慧，收获富足。他毕生的梦想，就是让所有的人远离饥饿。喜看稻菽千重浪，最是风流袁隆平

5、张爱玲：一个世俗女子，为了金钱而写作;一个脱俗之人，隐居在城市高楼之上。文字在她的笔下，才真正有了生命，直钻人心。她悲天怜人，却冷漠寡情;她通达人情世故，却我行我素;文章里家长里短，生活中却独标孤高。同时承受灿烂夺目的喧闹与极度的孤寂，暗洒一路幽香，任由裙裾飞扬。她的人生，怎一个“传奇”所能诠释?

6、项羽：滚滚乌江东逝，汇成一段历史。公元前202年，一头雄狮在这里倒下，汉王朝从此抬起骄傲的脚步，一路奔跑。人杰鬼雄，英名千秋难慰一腔热血;拔山盖世，壮歌一曲尽抒万丈悲情。昔日霸王，英雄气未敛，本该东山再起，何言无面?

7、诸葛亮：丞相祠堂仍在，隆中旧梦已远。为酬三顾，先生在历史舞台闪亮登场。空城观景，胸藏精兵百万;轻摇羽扇，已成天下三分。然出师未捷身先死，孤忠一片，可叹蜀道寒云。江流石转，千古成败付诸笑谈，先生之名如不坠的孔明灯，永照汗青。

8、司马光：砸碎的水缸走出一个重生的生命，也涌出了中国古代政治和史学的一股新泉。司马光一生笃诚好学，以俭为德，清直仁厚，死后“家家挂象，饭食必祝”。所著长篇巨制《资治通鉴》，文字优美，格调古雅，自成一体，为“天地间必不可无之书，亦学者必不可不读之书”。

9、鲁迅：一支笔划开万丈天幕，长夜无明的旧中国透射出点点星光。你弃医从文，把边缘人群唤醒;你以笔代刀，令魔鬼无处躲藏。声声祝福，声声呐喊，你正义的声音穿越百年时空仍然鼓舞人心，余音绕梁。若干岁月过去了，你的作品没有化为烟埃，并且无疑将长久不熄，普照文学和思想的殿堂。

10、秦始皇：天下六合铸就大秦瑞气，巨星陨落化为一声叹息。你长袖一挥，胡人不敢南下牧马，士不敢弯弓报怨;你诀世一去，良将劲弩不见当初豪气，金城千里尽失昔日威严。万世霸业，竟从内里崩溃，千古功过，任由世人评说。

11、李白：你，从页页诗篇走来，酒入豪肠，三分剑气，七分月光;你，向历史深处走去，秀口一吐，半个盛唐。仙骨豪情，傲岸不屈，风情万种，仗笔独行。你轻舟一解，整条长江就诗意奔腾;你亮丽的文字，刺痛了一双双习惯黑暗的眼睛。

12、屈原：世人皆醉，惟你独醒。尘世昏暗，万马齐喑，而君秉持高洁，疏离邪恶，壮志可与日月争光。于是，孤独成为一种伟大的情感;于是，死亡成为一种惟美的跨越。自你归去，汨罗江畔的墨香和正气升腾了千年。

13、谭嗣同：亘古不磨，片石苍茫立天地;一峦挺秀，群山奔赴若波涛。一百年前，这个为中华民族的振兴奔走呼号的英雄，以青春的挥洒，倔强地挺起民族的脊梁。死何所惧?就在刀锋接近头颅的那一刹那，他已将生命置换成永恒。一种精神执着地闪烁在历史的天空，灿若星辰。

14、司马迁：纵观中国历史，不惮于死的文人自古有之，然为了理想而忍受尘世摧残的英雄却少有。司马迁是疏星中最耀眼的一颗。他以肉身的残缺修得了精神与著作的双重圆满，他通古今之变，成一家之言，凭着一个文人的良心写下一部伟大的书，上自黄帝，下至汉武，包罗历史的傲慢与偏见、光荣和梦想，并从此领跑着中国文化。

15、孙膑：围魏救赵、田忌赛马，我们从成语中读你;身残志锐、胸罗兵甲，我们从历史中读你。你是一首无声的歌，流传千年仍气镇风云;你是一部无字的书，演绎着关于智慧的不老传说

16、刘禅：“乐不思蜀”，简单的词语竟有如此神力，让一个帝王的名字腐朽。后来人不曾想过，如果不能忘却痛苦，世上还怎会有乐观和幸福?帝王也是凡人，习惯了仰视的人们或许不能容忍贵族的平凡。古往今来，天灾人祸，如果一一记住它们的疼痛，人类早就失去了生存的兴趣和勇气。有些时候，忘却才能催人奋进。

17、孔子：他用最锐利的智慧开启了那一道道尘封的门，阳光从那错开的门缝间挤出来，于是门外面铺满黄金;他用最朴实的教诲铸造了一把坚韧的利斧，劈成了一道道深深的印痕，它留下的不是疼痛，而是刻骨铭心!于是，子子孙孙有了一条光明的大道。

18、庄子：九万里的情怀荡漾于三千濮水之上。赤子之心归于自然，终成南华经。曳尾涂中，逍遥一游于尘世，哲学的巅峰便已铸就。他有蛇的冷酷犀利，更有鸽子的温柔宽仁。踌躇满志却又似是而非，螳臂挡车却又游刃有余。充满血泪的怪诞与孤傲，让后人仰视。

19、王羲之：狼毫一挥，生命随即舞动，砚纸是他的舞台，满载生命的厚重，楷如泰山稳立，行如清洌之风，草如龙凤舞动，国人懂得了什么是书法，世界知道了什么是博大。兰亭不再，《兰亭集序》却依然迎着历史的大风舞蹈。

20、陶渊明：他捧着一把菊花走来，带来一阵天人合一的哲学清香。背离庙堂之高，他选择江湖之远，选择了自然的恬适和舒畅。向往“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的闲适，他追求“阡陌交通，落英缤纷”的理想。他绽放了发自内心的那份自然，并且馨香久远。

21、武则天：一朵深宫玫瑰偏偏铿锵有力提起脊梁，一双娇弱素手击碎了男人政治的法则。于是，中国的历史因你的出现而折道绕行。三从四德禁锢不住你的步伐，你默默地演绎着属于你的繁华。

22、李时珍：一介农夫，竟神奇地指出医书典籍中错误。不忍乡亲病痛，便发誓编著一部医书。怀揣着执著上路，走进大山，风雨兼程，亲尝百种药草，挥就一部影响世界的不朽医典。而他的名字，也同《本草纲目》一起，刻入历史的记忆中。

23、王昭君：你海棠般娇羞的容颜，你菊花般孤高的风骨，你柳絮般飘飞的思念，你桃花般红消香断的泪痕，都在茫茫大漠中消隐。你的聪慧，痴迷着汉赋唐诗的韵律，怎能不如履薄冰?你的深刻，承受着岁月无痕的忧伤，怎能不形销骨立?你默默地随清风而去，为了那永世的安宁;你的英姿，是大漠上最美的剪影。

24、俞伯牙、钟子期：双手，木琴，一段旋律;高山，流水，一世传奇。艰难地跋涉于七弦之上，十指轻敲心灵之门，生命因之共鸣。即使远隔千里，即使天上人间，他们人生原始的画卷里都巍峨着山，清澈着水，飞舞着知己的音韵。

25、陶行知：“一生清贫，两袖清风”是他一生的写照：“捧出一颗心来，不带半根草去。”/“千教万教教人求真，千学万学学做真人。”是他毕生的信念和追求，也成为了后来千千万万的教师无怨无悔的不竭动力。他开创了中国平民教育的先河，堪称平民教育第一人。他把一生都献给了教育事业，鞠躬尽瘁，死不后已。短暂人生虽仅五十五载，却赢得了“万世师表”的美誉。他就是伟大的人民教育家陶行知先生。

26、或许诗歌真是从寂寞中酿出来的，否则为什么所有的诗人都那么落寞?海子也不例外，他大概是太寂寞了，希望能与别人进行交流。有一次，海子在百无聊赖之际随意走进学校附近的一家餐馆。他对老板说：“我给大家朗诵我的诗，你们能不能给我酒喝?”毫无浪漫情趣的老板抬眼打量了一下眼前这位年轻人：长发凌乱，身材瘦小，落落寡欢，不修边幅，而且说话如此神经兮兮，就以为他脑瓜子是有些毛病的，便嘲讽地回答说：“我可以给你酒喝，但你别在这儿朗诵。”海子无奈地耸了耸肩膀，默默地走出了餐馆，同时也走进了更深的寂寞。

27、困难、挫折对有志者来说是一笔财富。 苏联“宇宙之父”齐奥尔科夫斯基，少年时患猩红热病而耳聋，被赶出学校。但他靠图书馆自学，显示了惊人的数学才能。德国诗人海涅生前最后八年是在“被褥的坟墓”中度过的，他手足不能动弹，眼睛半瞎，但生命之火不灭，吟出了大量誉满人间的优秀诗篇。

28、美国盲聋女作家、教育家海伦•凯勒一岁半时因病丧失了视觉和听力，这对于一般人来说是不可想象、不可忍受的痛苦。然而海伦并没有向命运屈服。在老师的教育、帮助下，她凭坚强的毅力战胜了病残，学会了讲话，用手指“听话”并掌握了5种文字。24岁时，她以优异的成绩毕业于著名的哈佛大学拉德克利夫女子学院。以后她把毕生的精力投入到为世界盲人、聋人谋利益的事业中，曾受到许多国家政府、人民的赞誉和嘉奖。1959年，联合国曾发起“海伦•凯勒”运动。她写的自传作品《我生活的故事》，成为英语文学的经典作品，被翻译成多种文字广泛发行。

29、博迪是一名法国记者。他在一次心脏病发作后四肢瘫痪，只有左眼可以活动。但他决心把打好腹稿的作品《潜水衣与蝴蝶》写出来，于是他要求笔录员门迪宝协助他，每天花6小时笔录他的著述。而他们之间的沟通只能靠左眼的眨动来完成。每次，门迪宝按顺序读出法语常用字母，博迪每眨眼一次表示字母正确，眨两次表示错误，然后拼成词语。这种常人难以想象的“写作”终于在数月后奇迹般地完成了。这本150页的著作已被出版，受到人们的欢迎。

30、1830年11月，费列德利克•肖邦(波兰作曲家、钢琴家)决定到外国深造，为祖国争光。出发前，朋友们为他举行了一个送别晚会。肖邦满怀感激之情，接受了朋友们赠送的装满祖国泥土的银杯，表示永远不会忘记可爱的祖国。肖邦辗转于维也纳、伦敦、巴黎等地，通过他的艺术活动，增进西欧人民对当时正在受难的波兰人民的同情和了解。可是，在辗转流离的生活中，他得了重病。 1849年秋天，肖邦临终时告诉从华沙赶来的姐姐，波兰反动政府是不会允许把他的遗体运回华沙的，他要求至少把他的心脏带回去。

肖邦的心脏，按照他的遗愿被送到华沙，埋葬在曾哺育他成长的祖国大地中。

31、现代原子物理学的奠基者卢瑟福对思考极为推崇。一天深夜，他偶尔发现一位学生还在埋头实验，便好奇地问：“上午你在干什么?”学生回答：“在做实验。”卢瑟福不禁皱起了眉头，继续问：“那晚上呢?”“也在做实验。”

勤奋的学生本以为能够得到导师的一番夸奖，没想到卢瑟福居然大为光火，厉声斥责：“你一天到晚都在做实验，什么时间用于思考?”勤奋的学生遭到斥责，看似委屈，实际上大师是在传遍真经啊。很多时候人们宁可让岁月淹没在仿佛很有价值的忙碌中，却极不情愿拿出时间进行思考，以至于思维在低水平的层次上徘徊，最终一无所获。如果说智慧是创造的源泉，那思考便是智慧的起点。

32、世间最坚强的东西是什么?是血肉之躯里深藏着的意志。摆在面前的有这样一个人的履历：他，21岁时做生意失败;22岁时，角逐州议员落选;24岁时，做生意再次失败;26岁时，爱侣去世;27岁时，一度精神崩溃，曾想到自杀;34岁时，角逐联邦众议员落选;36岁时，角逐联邦众议员再度落选;45岁时，角逐联邦参议员落选;47岁时，提名副总统落选;49岁时，角逐联邦参议员再一次落选;52岁时，当选美国第16届总统。这个人，就是阿伯拉罕•林肯——美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。

1. 不用说……

It goes without saying that …

= (It is) needless to say (that) ….

= It is obvious that ….

例：It goes without saying that it pays off to keep early hours.

不用说早睡早起是值得的。

2. 在各种……之中，……

Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …

例︰Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.

在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

3. 就我的看法……;我认为……

In my opinion, …

= To my mind, ….

= As far as I am concerned, …

= I am of the opinion that ….

例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

在我看来，玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …

随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …

例：With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。

5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do/that …

…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …

……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …

例：We shouldn’t spend too much time on something we aren’t interested in.

我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。

7. how 引导的感叹句

例：At least it will prove how honest you are.

那至少可以证明你很诚实。

8. 状语从句

⑴ 如果你不…，你就会… If you don’t ..., you’ll ...

例︰If you don’t keep working hard, you’ll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

⑵ 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

⑶ 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.

每当我想到我家附近那一.��清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

9. 宾语从句

我认为，…… / 我认为……不...... I think / I don’t think that …

我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …

例：He doesn’t think I should stop him joining the club.

他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。

10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式.

例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。

导语："我觉得我的人生中只有两条路，要么赶紧死，要么精彩地活着。"这是无臂钢琴师刘伟的一句话，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关高考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

在中国达人秀的现场，刘伟空着袖管走了上来，坐到钢琴前。那首《梦中的婚礼》响了起来。曲子结束，全场起立鼓掌。当评委高晓松问他这一切是怎么做到的时候，刘伟说了一句："我觉得我的人生中只有两条路，要么赶紧死，要么精彩地活着。"

命运给了刘伟一个美妙的开局，却迅速地吹响了终场哨。对刘伟而言，10岁时的记忆，永远是那么残缺不全，1997年，10岁的刘伟因触电意外失去双臂。

"怎么触电的?其实我自己是记不起来了，我的这部分记忆已经丢失。"刘伟说，根据别人的说法，刘伟家附近有一个简陋的配电室，墙是用土砌的，很矮，一翻就能进去，里面的电线裸露在外。3个孩子玩捉迷藏，刘伟往墙上爬的时候，触到了高压线。醒来的时候，刘伟已经彻底的失去了双臂。"当时我的脑袋一片空白，傻了。"刘伟描述着自己当时的心情。

但是，失去双臂的刘伟没有放弃，没有绝望，刘伟开始重新做回自己。

在医院做康复的那段时间，刘伟遇到了生命中的一位贵人，带给了刘伟截肢后第一次改变。那是一位同样失去双手的病人，他叫刘京生，北京市残联副主席。他能自己吃饭、刷牙、写字，而且事业上也非常成功，他教了刘伟很多。

刘伟很感谢刘京生，因为有着同样的遭遇，刘伟开始向刘京生学习，"如果你一出生就有两个脑袋，别人都觉得很奇怪，怎么有两个脑袋呢?无所适从。但当你遇到一个同样有两个脑袋的人，而且你发现他过得很好，那你肯定会想，他过得好，我也可以。"半年以后，刘伟已经能够自己用脚刷牙、吃饭、写字。

两年之后，刘伟回到了自己原来的班里，到了期末考试，刘伟仍然拿到了全班前三名的好成绩。"从那个时候起，我开始努力学习了。任何事情我只要想学，都能学得很快，做得比别人好。"没有双臂的刘伟开始面对别人的议论。他的同学对他很好，看到谁对他指指点点，"他们立马会过去把别人胖揍一顿。"刘伟说。

刘伟的第二次改变出现在2002年，那一年，世界杯正在火热进行中，刘伟也第一次看到了世界杯直播。从小刘伟就憧憬着能够成为职业球员，他出生的1987年，那之后的几年正是中国足球职业化的肇始。这个理想的开局同样异常完美，上小学三年级的时候，10岁的他已经是绿茵俱乐部二线队的队长，司职中场。他欣赏的球队是巴西，但偶像是哥伦比亚的"金毛狮王"巴尔德拉马，"因为他够狂野。"看到世界杯后，虽然自己的足球梦已经破灭，但是刘伟开始重新审视自己。

12岁时，刘伟开始学习游泳，并且进入了北京残疾人游泳队，两年之后，他就在全国残疾人游泳锦标赛上获得了两金一银。2002年的事情了，北京已经获得了举办奥运会的资格。刘伟对母亲许下承诺：在2008年的残奥会上拿一枚金牌回来。

然而，命运仍然是那么的无情，在为奥运会努力做准备时，高强度的体能消耗导致了免疫力的下降，患上了过敏性紫癜。医生告诉过他母亲，高压电对于刘伟身体细胞有过严重的伤害，不排除以后患上红斑狼疮或白血病的可能，他必须放弃训练，否则将危及生命。"只能放弃，不能为了比赛，命都不要了吧。"

19岁时，高考临近，刘伟的成绩并不差，但是他的内心却有了疑虑，"内心有激烈的冲突，到底要不要上大学?"在放弃了足球、游泳之后，他把希望置放在他的另一项爱好上――音乐。家人反对他走音乐这条路，但没有成功。刘伟最终没有参加高考，获得了家人借钱买来的钢琴。"人最开心的事情就是能从事自己喜欢的职业，所以我最终选择了音乐。"刘伟说。

确定了自己的音乐路后，一个问题是，去哪里学习音乐呢?刘伟找到了一家私立音乐学院，然而学校的校长却说，刘伟进我们学校学音乐只能是影响校容。"刘伟对此回应说谢谢你这么歧视我，我会让你看看我是怎么做的。

刘伟开始用脚来学习练琴，可以想象这需要付出多大的努力，要知道很多正常人用手练了很多年都不一定会有起色。

为了能够有收获，刘伟每天练琴时间超过7小时。"我是三点一线的生活：练琴、学音乐、回家。我家在五道口，练琴的地方在沙河，学音乐的地方在四中，那时真是精神和体力的双重考验。"在脚趾头一次次被磨破之后，刘伟逐渐摸索出了如何用脚来和琴键相处的办法。如同在足球、游泳上的表现，他对音乐的悟性同样惊人。"没有手，用脚一样能弹钢琴。"刘伟说。

2008年，只学了一年钢琴的刘伟在北京电视台的《唱响奥运》节目中，当着刘德华的面，弹了一曲《梦中的婚礼》。接着，他弹着钢琴，与刘德华合唱了一首《天意》。双方拥抱之后，刘德华和他约定合作一首歌曲，于是，刘德华新专辑里多了一首叫做《美丽的回忆》的歌，其中有这样的歌词："我站在这里送给你/送你我最美丽的回忆/送你我的努力/你的鼓励永远都清晰/我站在这里拥抱你/抱你我最真实的身体/抱你我的约定/你的美丽永远都很清晰"这个歌词就是刘伟填的

在对自身不放弃的同时，刘伟还积极的融入群体社会，他积极的参加各种各样的活动来为自己加油。除了北京唱响奥运节目外，2009年12月3日，刘伟参加了在广州举行的全国双上肢障碍者书画及才能展示活动;2010年5月，参加了湖南卫视《快乐男声》济南唱区预选赛;2010年7月，参加了东方卫视《中国达人秀》;2010年9月，参加《开学第一课》录制。

当然，刘伟也遇到过挫折，参加了《快乐男声》济南中赛区预选赛，"我的歌还没唱几句就被打断，当我们把钢琴抬进来表演时，不到一半，评委就很不耐烦地打断了演奏，然后一句话也不说。我觉得这些都不算什么，眼前的天空会出现5个字：多大点事啊。"让刘伟感到惊讶的是，参加中国达人秀后，他的人气开始暴涨，从上海回到北京，一觉醒来，发现自己在qq和人人网上的好友申请成千上万，好友被迅速加到极限。只要电脑开着，各种信息都在不停地闪烁。他不敢轻易回复，看看就行了。

这一切，都因为8月的那场比赛，在中国达人秀的现场，刘伟空着袖管走了上来，坐到钢琴前。那首《梦中的婚礼》响了起来。曲子结束，全场起立鼓掌。当评委高晓松问他这一切是怎么做到的时候，刘伟说了一句："我觉得我的人生中只有两条路，要么赶紧死，要么精彩地活着。"

当刘伟被命运再一次放到一个耀目的舞台上，刘伟有些像自己写的歌词那样：永远都清晰。"我一直为自己的梦想努力，现在演奏方面算是一般般吧，创作上正在学习，制作也学了一点儿。人不能把自己说得太好，光环越大，里面的空心越大。我要的只是做好自己，这就ok了。"

比赛后，刘伟的生活开始变得拥挤。面对进屋的记者，母亲王香英开始展露愁容，她希望儿子能够做他喜欢的事情，同时希望他的生活是轻松而平静的。"这段时间，心情很矛盾。"王香英在家看不到东方卫视，儿子在中国达人秀上的表现，她是在网络上看的。"看的时候不是很激动，经历的事情太多了。"

导语： 秋也许就藏在金灿灿的稻穗上，也许藏在火通通的柿子里，也许藏在绿油油的菜地间。秋，收获的季节，金黄的季节——同春一样可爱，同夏一样热情，冬一样迷人。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢! ​

1. 啊，秋雨把梧桐树的衣裳打黄啦，给秋天添上了一身神秘的彩装。

2. 秋天到了，天空一碧如洗，好像用清水洗过的蓝宝石一样。

3. 秋天的天空里，团团白云像弹好的羊毛，慢慢地飘浮着。

4. 秋天的田野，一片金黄，好像给大地铺上了一层金黄色的地毯。

5. 上坡上，一穗穗的高粱高傲地矗立着。秋风吹来，它们像一把把胜利的火把，高兴地晃动着。

6. 深秋时节，枝头黄叶被一夜秋风吹尽，遍地都是，好像铺了一条黄色的地毯。

7. 十月的秋风拂着大地，辽阔的田野一片金黄。

8. 秋天的湖面波光粼粼，一阵微风拂过，湖畔长长的柳条飘洒在湖面上，溅起点点水花，火泛起层层波纹。

9. 秋，来到果园，打开她的化妆盒，把苹果擦得透红，把橘子抹得金黄，把葡萄涂得紫盈盈的。

10. 千树万树的红叶，愈到深秋，愈加红艳;远远看去，就像火焰在滚动。

11. 秋的天空里，团团白云像弹好的羊毛，慢慢地飘浮着。

12. 秋光绚丽，金风送爽，如海的高粱举起火把，无边的大豆摇响铜铃。

13. 秋高气爽，蓝蓝的天像擦拭得一尘不染的玻璃，绵绵的云朵雪白雪白，如奶汁一般。

14. 秋后的后半夜.月亮下去了，太阳还没有出，只剩下一片乌蓝的天;除了夜游的东西，什么都睡着。

15. 不知道从多久起，仿佛一场紧张的拼搏终于渐渐地透出了分晓，田野从它宽阔的胸膛里透过来一缕悠悠的气息，斜坡上和坝子上有如水一般的清明在散开，四下里的树木和庄稼也开始在微风里摇曳，树叶变得从容而宽余。露水回来了，在清晨和傍晚润湿了田埂，悄悄地挂上田间。露岚也来到了坝子上，静静地浮着，不再回到山谷里去。阳光虽然依旧明亮，却不再痛炙人的脊梁，变得宽怀、清澄，仿佛它终于乏力了，不能蒸融田野了，也就和田野和解了似的;……秋天来了!

16. 当峭厉的西风把天空刷得愈加高远的时候;当陌上呼头的孩子望断了最后一只南飞雁的时候;当辽阔的大野无边的青草被摇曳得株株枯黄的时候—一当在这个时候，便是秋了，便是树木落叶的季节了。

17. 多明媚的秋天哪，这里，再也不是焦土和灰烬，这是千万座山风都披着红毯的旺盛的国土。那满身嵌着弹皮的红松，仍然活着，傲立在高高的山岩上，山谷中汽笛欢腾，白望在稻田里缓缓飞翔。

18. 风，轻轻地、温和地吹着，是美丽的灰姑娘姗姗而来;树木开始脱下她绿色的夏装，换上了金色的秋装。

19. 红艳艳的大苹果撩开绿叶往外瞧;金灿灿的柿子像正月十五的灯笼压弯了枝头;小红灯似的枣子在枝头上一闪一闪的;像玛瑙的葡萄一串串的挂在葡萄架上荡秋千;有的荔枝太胖了，把衣服撑破了，露出白白的肚皮，玉米特意换了一件金色的新衣，咧开嘴笑了，露出满口金黄的牙齿;大豆也许太兴奋了，有的竟笑破了肚皮;西红柿为了让自己更漂亮，便把口红涂在了脸上……

20. 金黄的稻谷在微风里，一边跳舞，一边唱着秋天的歌。

21. 金秋季节，满山遍野的枫林红了，好像一片火海。

22. 九月一到，就有了秋意，秋意在一个多雾的黎明溜来，到了炎热的下午便不见踪影。它踮起脚尖掠过树顶，染红几片叶子，然后乘着一簇飞掠过山谷离开。

23. 看，那菊花，它们开得多么热烈!多么旺盛!黄的、红的、白的、紫的……一朵朵，一簇簇，迎着秋风，披着寒霜，争妍斗艳，喷芳吐香，开得到处都是，简直成了一个锦簇的世界。

24. 梨子树上挂满了一个个黄澄澄的梨子，就像一个个可爱的小葫芦。走近一看，梨子脸上还长着许多小雀斑呢!梨子很多，把树枝越压越弯，越压越弯，有的梨子干脆一屁股坐在地上。

25. 那些“红国光”、“黄元帅”挤挤压压地挂在树上，躲在树叶后，露出一张张可爱的胖脸儿，笑迎着秋姑娘的到来。

26. 扑入车窗的景色，使我生发了一种似曾相识的感触。那碧天的云，蛮荒的山，被秋霜洗黄的野草，俨然像一位饰着金色丽纱的处女，裸露着奶黄色的胴体，在萧瑟的秋风中婆娑起舞，展现着消魂的倩姿。伫立在山颠的秋阳，宛如一尊威武的战神，抖落血染的战袍，溅在草丛中，渗入山下的小溪，泛着数不清的涟漪，呜咽地向外流淌，从古流到今，从辽远的过去流向那茫茫的未来。

27. 清晨，晶莹的露珠便会和草叶做游戏，滚来滚去的。用手接一滴，一不小心，露珠便会滚落到地上，一下子不见了，仿佛也和我在玩游戏呢!

28. 秋，不是常说是金色的吗?的确，她给大自然带来了丰硕的果实，给包括人在内的众多生物赏赐了无数得以延续生命的食粮。“自古逢秋悲寂寥”，这是常人的看法。在许多的文字里，我们不难寻觅到描写秋天肃杀的段落。我们一直喜欢生活在生命的律动的氛围里，而缺乏对秋天全面而真实的理解与歌颂。五谷丰登、一派丰收的风景，是秋天的极致;满目萧索、一派肃杀的暮秋时节，也是秋天的韵味。那三分鹅黄、七分橘绿的落叶，曾几何时默默地陪衬姹紫嫣红的鲜花，默默地托举出如锦似橙的果实。春华秋实摘尽之后，也并不是生命的终止，而是为了迎接来年的灿烂与辉煌，需让生命的指针暂时沉寂，使叶片呈古色苍茏之概，不单以葱翠争荣，再看那一树霜红，燃烧着的又何尝不是一种情愫一种精神;那遍地落荫，显现的又何尝不是一种豁达，一种坚韧，一种旺盛而又无所畏惧的人生呢?

29. 秋姑娘在苹果树上荡秋千，她像对苹果树施了魔法，把苹果变得又大又红，远远望去，就像片片玉树林挂满了红彤彤的宝石，真惹人喜爱。

30. 秋末的黄昏来得总是很快，还没等山野上被日光蒸发起的水气消散.太阳就落进了西山。于是，山谷中的岚风带着浓重的凉意，驱赶着白色的雾气，向山下游荡;而山峰的阴影，更快地倒压在村庄上，阴影越来越浓，渐渐和夜色混为一体，但不久，又被月亮烛成银灰色了。

31. 秋收时节，天特别高，特别蓝，云朵格外白柔娴静，阳光格外明媚和煦，风也显得格外轻漫清香。

32. 秋天，大部分树叶都渐渐变黄了，有的已经枯落下来了，唯有枫叶红了下来，火红火红的，为秋天增添了一道亮丽的风景线，真是“霜叶红于二月花”啊!

33. 秋天，大部分树叶都渐渐地变黄了，有的已经枯落下来了，唯有枫叶红了起来，火红火红的，为了秋天增添了一道亮丽的风景线，真是“霜叶红于二月花”啊!

34. 秋天，美丽的季节，收获的季节，金黄的季节，同百花盛开的春天一样令人向往，同骄阳似火的夏天一样热情，同白雪飘飘的冬天一样迷人。

35. 秋天，那永远是蓝湛湛的天空，会突然翻脸而露出险恶的颜色，热带台风夹着密云暴雨，洪水潜流着，复苏的草原又泛起点点苍苍的颜色。然而，台风暴雨一闪而过，强烈的气流依然抖动着耀眼的波光。这时，只有北来的候鸟知道这张温暖的床眠，那飞翔的天鹅、鸿雁和野鸭，就像一片阴深的云朵，使这儿显得更苍郁了。

36. 秋天，杨树叶子黄了，挂在树上，好像一朵朵黄色的小花;飘落在空中，像一只只黄色的蝴蝶;落在树旁的小河里，仿佛是金色的小船。

37. 秋天带着落叶的声音来了，早晨像露珠一样新鲜。天空发出柔和的光辉，澄清又缥缈，使人想听见一阵高飞的云雀的歌唱，正如望着碧海想着见一片白帆。夕阳是时间的翅膀，当它飞遁时有一刹那极其绚烂的展开。于是薄暮。

38. 秋天到了，金风送爽，河里的鱼虾肥了;果园里果实累累，到处是一派丰收的景象。

39. 秋天到了，菊花开了。有红的，有黄的，有紫的，还有白的，美丽极了!秋天到了，果子熟了。黄澄澄的是梨，红通通的是萍果，亮晶晶的是葡萄。一阵凉风吹来，果儿点头，散发出诱人的香味儿。

40. 秋天的来临，也让小草换上了黄色的衣裳。这时的小草虽然已不像春天的那个嫩娃娃了，也不像夏天那个穿着绿色衣服的小伙子，但小草依然挺立着，风儿轻轻一吹，它们便把身体扭向一边，以优美的舞姿博得人们的赞赏。

41. 秋天来临了，天空像一块覆盖大地的蓝宝石。村外那个小池塘睁着碧澄澄的眼睛，凝望着这没好的天色。一对小白鹅侧着脑袋欣赏着自己映在水里的影子。山谷里枫树的叶子，不知是否喝了过量的酒，红得像一团火似的。

42. 秋天是庄稼成熟的季节，也是农民伯伯最喜爱的季节。高粱涨红了脸，苞米咧开了嘴，黄澄澄的玉米粒，像一颗颗金豆子，谷子笑弯了要，正向我们鞠躬，大豆被风吹得了乐出了声……秋天真好，我喜爱秋天。

43. 秋也许就藏在金灿灿的稻穗上，也许藏在火通通的柿子里，也许藏在绿油油的菜地间。秋，收获的季节，金黄的季节——同春一样可爱，同夏一样热情，冬一样迷人。

44. 秋雨打着她们的脸。一堆堆深灰色的迷云，低低地压着大地。已经是深秋了，森林里那一望无际的林木都已光秃，老树阴郁地站着，让褐色的苔掩住它身上的皱纹。无情的秋天剥下了它们美丽的衣裳，它们只好枯秃地站在那里。

45. 秋雨像淘气的小孩从瓦片上滑下来。

46. 人生如秋。历经春的耕耘，夏的生长，已积淀了几许悲欢离合酸甜苦辣。朝看水东流，暮看日西坠。百年明日有几何?青春岁月已随流水逐日逝去，但未来的路依然漫长。错过了就不应再失去，重要的是把握机遇蓄势而待。前面的路走得不错，后面的，自信也不会坏到哪里去，你又何必悲观失望呢?秋日多情，将五彩一路赠与;秋风多意，将飒爽一路馈送。“晴空一鹤排云上，便引诗情到碧霄”。刘禹锡的诗句与秋风相伴，与落叶共舞，一起风景成生命的箴言。

47. 如果说，燕子是报春的天使，那么落叶就是迎秋的顽童。秋天一到，落叶就毫不犹豫地从树丫上纷纷飘下来。它们好像在对大树说：“亲爱的妈妈，我们要回到大地的怀抱中去，请允许我们随风阿姨飞吧!”树发出沙沙的声音，似乎在说：“走吧!走吧!”叶子飞过墙头，来到野外，看!大地上到处都有它们的身影。落叶，你给地面铺上了一层金地毯。

48. 首先映入我眼帘的是那一大片鲜艳的一串红，一串红的叶子并不引人注意，引人注意的是一串红的花，那鲜艳的小花，开得娇巧别致，一簇足有数十朵，长在翠绿的茎上，就像一串串用绿线连起来的红铃铛。他们一朵朵紧密排列，整齐划一，就像我们班组成的一个纪律严明紧密团结的集体。仔细观看，花儿里面还藏有像头发一样的小花。微风拂过，玲珑别致的花朵轻轻摇曳着，向你点头，好像一个个小朋友正张着笑脸朝你笑呢。

49. 虽然寒霜降临，可青松爷爷还穿着碧绿碧绿的长袍，显得更加苍翠。花园里，菊花争芳斗艳，红的如火，粉的似霞，白的像雪，美不胜收。柿子树上的叶子全都落了，可黄澄澄的柿子还挂在枝头，像一个个大大小小的橘黄灯笼，红彤彤的海棠树把树枝都压弯了。

50. 天渐渐地转凉了，一片片枯黄的叶子像一只只美丽的黄蝴蝶，纷纷离开了大树妈妈温暖的怀抱，轻轻地从树上飘落下来，飞落到草地上，小河、庄稼上，这落叶似乎是报信员，告诉大家“秋天来了，秋天来了”。小草们也脱下了绿衣裳，换上了金灿灿的秋装。

初中英语写作技巧书面表达，首先要抓住所给的提示，然后运用所学词汇、语法及句型，避繁就简，简明表达要讲的内容。小编整理了初中英语写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、充分准备。打好基础。

为了提高书面表达水平，平时应加强阅读，应背诵一些句型、段落甚至短文。只要读得多、背得多，就能出口成章，下笔成文。其实，用英文写信，记日记等都是学生力所能及且行之有效的练习写作的好方法。

二、仔细审题，明确要求。

对题目所提供的信息要认真分析，明确要求，做到心中有数。要对所提供的信息加以分析、整理，使之更加具体化、条理化，为开始动笔做好准备工作，还要搞清题目的要求，以便根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式，风格各异的文章，此外，还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息，避免出错。

三、抓住重点。寻求思路。

根据题目所提供的信息，草拟提纲，寻求逻辑次序，确定如何下手，否则，语无伦次的文章将不会被人接受，也不可能得到高分。

四、遣词造句，表达规范。

用词要适当，不可逐句把提示汉译英，亦不可生拼硬凑，不要硬拿英语单词到中文句子里去对号，否则写出中文式英语，闹出笑话。一般来讲，写作时，应尽量选出你有把握的词，尽量使用短句(简单句)。如果有的单词不会写，有的思想不会用英语表达，你可以设法绕开，最好找一个同义词、同义句，或近义词、词组短语来代替。要正确使用关联词，如and，or，but，so，because，since等，以便行文自然流畅。

五、修改润色，锦上添花。

作文写完之后，应注意检查修改，修改时先从全局修改。首先要检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当，接下来检查所写内容是否切题，该交待的内容是否交待了，最后检查所用时态、人称是否符合要求，最后是否一致。

写完后，还应仔细校阅1—2遍。校阅要逐词逐句进行，注意检查语法、拼写、标点、大小写等方面的错误。校阅是自检的最后一关，应严肃认真的进行，尽可能地消灭一切差错，增强文章的效果。

因此，要写好一篇作文，不仅需要具有丰富的思想内容，掌握扎实的词汇、语法及修辞等方面的语言基本功，而且还需要掌握因不同思维方式和文化背景而形成的英语特有的篇章机构模式 惟有这样才能进行最有效的书面交际活动。

舍我其谁的担当精神

“如欲平治天下，当今之世，舍我其谁也?”的孟子，“匈奴未灭，无以为家”的霍去病，“苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之?”的林则徐，都以一种强烈的社会责任感和历史使命感在民族、国家危难之际勇于担当。

自强不息的奋斗精神

勾践选择卧薪尝胆，孙敬头悬梁，苏秦锥刺股，车胤囊萤，孙康映雪……他们为崇高理想、正义事业尽心竭力地奋斗，正可谓“天行健，君子以自强不息。”

不负我心的独立精神

我们从“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜”的铮铮之语中感悟了“谪仙人”的凛然决心。他曾名纵一时，贵妃磨墨，力士脱靴，却终究不愿为权贵所倾，卑躬屈膝，出卖自己心灵，“且放白鹿青崖间，须行即骑访名山”，专心于自己的梦想，依赖于自己的本心。

不屈不挠的坚守精神

陶渊明东篱采菊，坚守一份自适;李太白醉酒狂歌，坚守一狂傲;杜子美茅屋疾呼，坚守一份关怀;正是他们执着而顽强地坚守传统、历史、文化、人格、良知，中华民族才得以血脉相传、生生不息。

优秀的道德品质

中华经典古文中承载着“仁、义、礼、智、信”的道德伦理观，品质美的力量是巨大的，在审美与审丑的过程中，使灵魂受到荡涤与洗礼，塑造完美的人格，为写作打下坚实的基础。尾生抱柱、曾子杀彘，留给我们一个个重诚守诺的典范;廉颇负荆请罪，顾全大局，与蔺相如冰释前嫌，团结一心，传下知错能改的佳话。

深刻的哲学思想

中国古代的文人，崇尚宇宙、敬畏自然、思考人生、关注心灵，因此在他们的文章中显现出深刻的哲学思辨色彩，引人深思、值得寻味。教材中有不少充满哲思的佳作。庄子《逍遥游》中“无所待”之后的“至人无己，神人无功，圣人无名”的无拘无束、绝对自由的逍遥境界，体现的正是道家哲学的本质内涵。《秋水》以神奇的想象和极度的夸张描绘了河伯和海若的形象，告诫人们天外有天，人外有人，要宏观地看待问题不做井底之蛙。《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》由生活琐事推及国家大事，由远及近，由小到大，层层深入，强调了类比联系、迂回推理的重要性。王安石的《游褒禅山记》借一次半途而返的游览生发开去，点明“而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观……故非有志者不能至也”，“尽吾志也而不能至者，可以无悔矣”，阐述了无论治学处事，首先要有百折不挠的意志，也要有深思而慎取的态度。苏轼在《赤壁赋》中由水与月的消长盈虚之变生发出人生须臾、宇宙无穷的感慨，更由此阐明世间万物“变”与“不变”的哲理，传达一种旷达自适的处世哲学。这些朴素的哲学思想和思维方式，是中国传统文化中最具民族性的内容，既能帮助学生了解中国古代丰富多彩的意识形态，更有助于培养学生良好的思维品质。

凝重的历史反思

中国古代史学著作浩如烟海，体现了凝重的历史反思。这些思考凝聚了先人的智慧，是我们宝贵的精神财富。如节选自《史记》的《完璧归赵》和《鸿门宴》，让我们了解到在历史事件中人的因素的重要作用。《阿房宫赋》通过描写阿房宫的兴建及其毁灭，生动形象地总结了秦朝统治者因为骄奢腐化不体恤民意而亡国的历史教训，向唐朝统治者发出了勿使后人而复哀后人的警告。苏洵的《六国论》认为六国破灭，“非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦”，并借古讽今“苟以天下之大，而从六国破亡之故事，是又在六国下矣”。欧阳修借五代后唐庄宗先盛后衰，先成后败的历史事实，扼要提出“忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身”，“祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺”等论断，精辟透彻，发人深省。苏轼的《教战守策》认为当今之严重危险，在于“知安而不知危，能逸而不能劳”，“天下虽平，不敢忘战”，居安思危，能逸能劳，方可以御不测之患，因而主张平时教民习战讲兵。这些文章无不体现古代历史学家朴素的历史唯物观，他们借古讽今，警示后代应以史为鉴，君明臣贤教化清明才能受百姓拥戴，绵延历史。

高雅的审美情趣

中华民族对美有独特的感受和追求。文学大师们在一篇篇精美绝伦的文字中为我们展示了中华民族丰富多彩的审美情趣。《归去来兮辞》表现了“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的愉悦、淡泊之美;《赤壁赋》在清风、明月、饮酒、赋诗的诗情画意中流淌着旷达和超然的情怀之美;《项脊轩志》满载着归有光“多可喜，亦多可悲”的细腻真挚的亲情之美;《祭十二郎文》饱含着骨肉分离字字血泪的至爱亲情之美;《石钟山记》凝聚着清雅、深沉之美;《孔雀东南飞》歌颂了爱情忠贞之美;《陌上桑》赞颂不为权势所屈敢于斗争的秀外慧中的女性之美……这些空灵而丰富、至真而至纯的审美情趣，无不体现出深沉的美学积淀。

[关于传统文化的写作素材

我们都知道，想在小升初英语写作拿高分，就要摸透老师的喜好，引起“读者”的注意。而在写作中句子偏长恰恰会适得其反，很容易让人漏听一、两个单词，影响对整个句子的理解，所以我们要教大家一些化繁为简的技巧——

1、巧用单个词：即用一个单词代替一组意义相同的单词。比如：

用forget(忘记)代替do not remember(没有记住)

用ignore(忽视)代替do not pay attention to(不注意)

用now(现在)代替at this point in time(此时此刻)

用because(由于)代替due to the fact that(鉴于下列事实)

2、省略同义词或近义词。比如在下面例句中，形容词important(重要的)和significant(有重要意义的)，就是两个同义词(也可以说是近义词)，我们可以省略important，只保留significant。

The government project is important and significant.(这项政府计划是重要的，有重要意义。)

The government project is significant.(这项政府计划有重要意义。)

3、在不改变句子含义的前提下，省略所有可以省略的单词。比如在下面例句中，the cover of the book(书的封面)可以省略成the book cover，is red in color(是红色的)可以省略成is red。

The cover of the book is red in color.(书的封面是红色的)

The book cover is red.(书的封面是红色的)

现在我们把这三种方法结合起来，将一个冗长、绕嘴的句子，改写成一个简短、易懂的句子。

University malls must be accessible and free from congestion in order that students, faculty and employees may have unobstructed passage through those areas of the campus.(校内道路必须是便于通行的，不拥堵的，以便让学生、教师和职员能够无阻碍地通过，到达校园的各处。)

University malls must be free enough from congestion to allow people to walk through easily.(校内道路不应当拥堵，以便人们顺利通行。)

4、用介词短语替代从句。比如：

原句：While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句：When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

5、删除诸如"who is”或"that is"之类的关系代词，变从句为短语。比如：

原句：The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注：把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

一、勤读、多背词汇，好精句

要想写好一篇文章，没有充足的词汇量是不行的。课文中的俗语和谚语的识记是通过背诵来完成。背诵是语言学习的重要手段，也是语言学习的必经之路。

1.背词句，背诵课文中的重点句型和短语尤其是课文中的俗语、谚语和经典句子。

2.背范文，将近几年高考中的作文和课文中好的段落以及报刊上的各种各样的体裁和优秀文章让学生多背，这样学生才能在自己的脑子中形成一定的写作框架，做到心中有数。

3.多读书，用英语进行思维。为了培养学生用英语思维的定势，增加对英语国家文化、社会风俗、风土人情、思维方式的了解，扩大视野，选择课外阅读，提高学生分析、判断、猜测、推理和领悟的能力。部分学生在写作时习惯用汉语思维，然后再逐句译成英语，结果写出来的文章是汉语式的英语。要想学会用英语进行思维，就要有计划、有目的地培养学生的语感。一个重要的方法就是大量阅读，选择精彩的词句、文章和佳句，引导学生阅读，摘抄或背诵来培养语感。

二、亲自动手，自己写作

教师应注重基本功训练，严格要求学生正确，工整，熟练地书写字母，单词和句子，同时注意大小写和标点符号。进行组词造句，组句成段练习时，要学生写出最简单的短句，为以后英语作文打好扎实的基础。这种练习可以安排在刚开始的训练中，要求学生能够用最基本的时态去完成写作。另外结合高中英语基础知识的复习，对学生提出较高写作能力的要求。

1.范例引路

学生在进行短文写作训练时，教师应提供各种文体的范文，讲明各种文体的写作要求和注意事项，如日记，便条，书信，通知的格式等，并给予必要的提示，并掌握各种体裁文章的格式。在平时的教学中，教师应该指导学生应对高考中各种体裁文章。

2.限时训练

教师当场发题，限时交卷。这样能促使学生瞬间接受信息，快速理解信息，迅速表达信息，提高实际应用和应试能力。这一步是关键，也是学生的的难关。必须要求学生在写作过程中牢牢记住以下口诀：“先读提示，要点与格式要弄清;时态语态要当心，前后呼应要一致;结构搭配，莫违背;文章写好细检查，点滴小错别忽视”。学生明确目的，并掌握要领后，要严格在规定时间内完成作业。

3.多想精炼

在平时的教学中，教师要求学生多看、多听、多想，用心体验和感悟身边的人和事，然后将自己的体验和感受用英语写出来。教师可要求学生每周写两篇，有话则长，无话可短。对不同水平的学生作不同的要求。鼓励表达自己的看法和体会。

此外，有时根据所学单元知识布置一篇作文，或给学生提供一些与时事或与学生学习活动和生活有关的材料。此类话题的现实性能诱发学生的写作兴趣，使其有话可写，有感而发;还能增强其信心，使其写作能力、技巧得到充分的锻炼和提高。对于有待进步的学生要及时励，激发其写作热情，增强其自信心。

4.自改互改

对照范文，学生先对已查出的表达有误的地方进行初改。范文不可能把各种表达方式都包括进去，况且学生作业中的错误也不尽相同，因此，还可安排学生互改。以同桌两人为宜，这样同时进行了改错训练。

三、培养学生良好的写作习惯

写作教学是一项“由简单到复杂，循环往复不断上升的”过程。不是一蹴而就的，需要教师在教学中由浅入深、由简入繁、由易到难、循序渐进。起始阶段，培养学生良好的写作习惯是非常重要的。要求学生做到以下几点：

1.认真审题。要求学生认真审读图表或提纲，领会意图，捕捉信息，确定文章时态及体裁。

2.写提纲。教师引导学生构思文章要点，写出每个段落主题句、关键词，然后确定细节和内容要点。

3.写初稿。经过审题和列提纲后，学生开始写作，教师指导学有意识地使用固定句型，使用关联词，把段落按逻辑顺序连成一体，形成基本连贯的初稿。

4.检查错误。检查是书面表达不可缺少的环节，学生完成初稿后，老师指导学生从以下六个方面进行修改和查错：(1)看要点是否齐全，有无遗漏;(2)体裁是否恰当，有无偏题;(3)内容是否连贯，有无缺词;(4)语法是否正确，人称、时态、语态、冠词及名词单复数等有无错误;(5)用词是否得当，有无习语及固定搭配等方面的错误(6)最后注意句与句、段与段之间有无合适的连接及过渡，经过有效的训练，学生犯的错误会逐渐减少，同时学生的书面表达能力会逐步提高。

总之，教学有法，教无定法。教师面对的教育对象是多样化的，因此在教学中一定要关注学生的个体差异，采取相应的措施，激发学生写作的兴趣。让学生参与实践，体验成功的快乐，循序引导，学生点滴积累，不断磨练，这样能达到理想的效果。

Ancient Chinese New Years day, is not a general "Gregorian calendar" -- the Gregorian calendar on January 1. From Yin dynasty set as the beginning, at the beginning of the lunar December in first lunar month as the beginning, to the han dynasty have been repeated many times of change. To the republic of China, sun yat-sen in nanjing in early January 1912 as the temporary President for "farming", "statistics", set the first lunar month as the Spring Festival, change to the Gregorian calendar on January 1, known as the "New Year", at but it is still called "New Years day". Until the liberation of the central peoples government promulgated uniform "whole nation year section and the memorial day holiday", the Gregorian calendar January 1 as New Years day, and decided the national in this stanza day off. At the same time as the difference between two New Year the lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar, and in view of the lunar 24 solar terms of "spring", just before and after the lunar New Year, so the change of the first lunar month is called "Spring Festival".

"New Years day", "yuan" refers to the beginning, is the first point, the beginning of every number is called "yuan"; "Dan", pictographs, the above ", "on behalf of the sun, the" a "represents the horizon below. "Denier" as the sun rises from the horizon, symbolizes the beginning of a day. People put the "yuan" and "denier" two words together, is extended to the first day of the New Year began. New Years day is also called the "three yuan", namely, the yuan, the yuan, at the time of yuan. On New Years earliest begins with three sovereigns, tang fang xuanling and others write the Book of Jin upload: "xu emperor for Meng Chun in yuan, at that time is: New Years day in the spring." That call on the yuan, the first for the denier. Southern liang people LanZiYun dielectric jas poem or cloud: "the new New Years day, four gas Wan Shouchu today."

古代中国的元旦日，并非如今通用的“格列历”——公历的1月1日。从殷代定农历十二月初一为岁首，到汉代定在农历正月初一为岁首，曾有多次反反复复的改变。到民国时孙中山于1912年1月初在南京就任临时大总统时为“顺农时”、“便统计”，定农历正月初一为春节，改公历1月1日称为岁首“新年”，但仍称“元旦”。直到解放后中央人民政府颁布统一使用“全国年节和纪念日放假办法”，将公历1月1日规定为元旦节，并决定全国在此节放假一天。同时为区别农历和公历两个新年，又鉴于农历二十四个节气中的“立春”，恰在农历新年前后，因此改农历正月初一称为“春节”。

“元旦”的“元”，指开始，是第一的意思，凡数之始称为“元”;“旦”，象形字，上面的“日”代表太阳，下面的“一”代表地平线。“旦”即太阳从地平线上冉冉升起，象征一日的开始。人们把“元”和“旦”两个字结合起来，就引申为新年开始的第一天。元旦又称“三元”，即岁之元、月之元、时之元。元旦一词最早始于三皇五帝，唐房玄龄等人写的《晋书》上载:“颛帝以孟春正月为元，其时正朔元旦之春。”即把正月称为元，初一为旦。南朝梁人兰子云的《介雅》诗也云:“四气新元旦，万寿初今朝。”

赋得古原草送别——唐·白居易

离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。

远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。

孙女牙牙学语的时候，这是教给孙女背诵的古诗之一。孙女还太小，记不住那么多，就教会了前面的四句话，也是最脍炙人口的四句。这是一首生命的赞歌，枯荣之间，生生不息，为小草赋予了坚强不屈的性格。

当初，教孩子背诵这首诗的时候，并没有想到我会用一篇文字，为名不见经传的小草正名。不记得是谁说过这话：“不能像苍蝇那样死，也不能像野草那样生。”这话无论是听起来、还是字面上解释，都是贬义词，把小草和苍蝇相提并论，实在是有些冤枉。就个体而言，小草虽然卑微、弱小，但是，它在风雨飘摇中也一样努力向上，去迎接阳光雨露的爱抚，为美丽的春天奉献了自己的一切，小草顽强的生命力是不可比拟的。苍蝇是个什么东西?就是一个在腐败的场合，频频出现的害群之马。它的一生，除了追逐臭气，不会干别的，人们对它的态度，就是坚决的消灭。两者根本就没有可比性，把它们两个硬性放在一起，似乎有“拉郎配”的味道。

“离离原上草”，写的就不是小草的个体，而是群体。一派葱茏，一派生机盎然。小草，就个体而言，是微不足道的，群体来讲，就是一片美丽的草原。蓝天白云下，一座座蒙古包，一群群牛羊，花海如潮，花香遍野，此情此景，哪里与苍蝇有半点的关系?小草有顽强的生命力，一缕春风，一丝春雨，就会看到一片新绿。无论是否贫瘠，哪怕只有一丁点的土，也能看到它的身影。哪怕是被践踏得变了形，也会努力向上，去完成枯荣的轮回。

苍蝇随时随地都是不受欢迎的，必欲除之而后快，原因就是它带给人们的视觉效应就是厌恶。小草也有不受欢迎的时候，比如农民就不欢迎它，田园就不欢迎它。农民一生辛苦，都在和小草做顽强的斗争。科学现在发展了，有各种用途的除草剂，大大减轻了农民的劳动强度，颇受农民欢迎。科学的发展，粮食作物的产量大幅度提高，所派生出来的负效应也在提高，粮食作物的口感不如以前了，吃在嘴里没有了原先的香味。

小草比较受城里人垂青，一块块绿地，点缀在城市花园里，或者是街道小区，它所释放出来的氧气，大大缓解了城市特有的味道，也给城市居民创造了优美舒适的生活环境。

人的生命无论长短，都用一生来概括，就像小草一样，一春一秋也是一个轮回。作为一个有思想的智慧生物，生命的演变不会是简单的一荣一枯的过程。有思想就应该有生活的目标，并且为这个目标的实现，不遗余力的做艰苦努力，人生的价值，就是在不断的追求中加以体现。有思想，就可以支配行为，这就是人和动物的区别。即使动物再聪明，也只是简单的模仿，与有意识的支配行为，有着本质上的区别。

小草是植物，是地球生物不可或缺的一个群体。郑智化在歌词中唱道：小小的草迎风在摇/狂风暴雨中挺直了腰/别笑我小别笑我孬/风吹雨打之后依然不倒......小草身上有一股韧性，很值得人们欣赏和效仿。生活不会像我们想象的那样完美，我们行走在红尘中，也难免会遇到很多困难，就像是一株小草在风雨中飘摇。在社会上行走，生活环境和生活状态尽管不尽如人意，与小草的生活环境相比，不知要好多少倍，小草依然能顽强的生活着，就是心中有一种强烈的渴望。那就是成长的渴望。

有许多客观现实是我们无法选择的。比如家庭、社会层面、所面临的生活状况，是不可逆转的客观现实，就像是小草无权选择所要生长的土地一样。小草依然能忘我的生长着，依然能自由的生长着。我们无法选择固有的生活状况，我们可以选择以怎样的心态去面对生活的挑战。面对重压，有的人选择逃避退让，有的人选择知难而进。“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。”小草选择的是重新来过。只要给我机会，我就会重新活出自己的精彩。或许，这就是小草的一种精神吧。

生活的艰难困苦，是我们应该承受的考验，在考验面前以什么样的精神面貌出现，也就体现了你有多么大的勇气去战胜眼前的困难。烈火焚烧可以说是小草所面临的最大的困境，浴火而生也体现了小草的顽强与拼搏精神。当然，小草只是一种小小的植物，它所体现的只是一个植物简单的枯荣过程。作为一个有思想，能支配自身行为的人来讲，小草的生存状态，浴火重生的不死精神，是不是值得人们借鉴和效仿?

烈火焚烧对小草是一个毁灭性的打击，试想一下，在烈焰面前，一切都化为乌有，只落得“白茫茫大地一片真干净”，这只是一个表象，灰烬的下面，还有小草不死的根系，只要有一丝春风，就会是一片旺盛的生机。“野火烧不尽”，一个“烧”字，强调的是毁灭性的力量。在毁灭性的打击面前，又该做出怎样的选择呢?我想，不同的人就会做出不同的回答。有一点是肯定的，不管你是什么态度，是什么姿势面对打击，已经发生的事实都无可改变，为何不潇洒的面对呢?

面对困境，面对挫折，实际上就是如何直面自己的人生。我们可以不富有，我们可以无权利，我们不可以缺乏无畏的精神。无畏，不是高大得需要昂视的气贯长虹般伟岸的身影，它只是一种精神。挫折的大与小都是困境，在困境面前，你可以沉思，甚至你可以流泪，当你面对困境的时候，眼神是刚毅的，你的身体里就会透露出无畏的精神。我想，这点挫折在你的脚下就不算什么了。

As the saying goes: "only hour in the morning is worth two in the spring, a day, but we say spring is beautiful, beautiful where?" Is near, near, I heard the footsteps of spring, she is coming to us step step. All this report the coming of spring, my whole soul to float out, float to the promise of flowers, to the clumps of grass.

Look! Voice coming, its really long hair is beautiful! This is a spring back to the earth, a season for revival, like a snake, frog, such as cold-blooded animals stopped east, climb to the earth surface to appreciate spring, little birds in the spring of flowers bloom, the swallow nest is not back, make the atmosphere of the earth to restore the full spring. Even the spring rain, the heart also continuously harbinger for us, can be noisy! Its a good season for sowing in spring, farmers uncle took advantage of the good season began to sow, will have a good harvest in the fall, a good harvest. Spring is not as dry as next summer, hot, unlike autumn that cold and cheerless, also not as cold as winter, and spring is a vibrant, dynamic spring, which makes me think of my comprehensive mother, mother is like the earth, mother gave birth to us, we have lives, spring back to the earth, is to start all over again, everything all over again.

People can like spring, because the beautiful spring, give a person with a new start, new results, new life, new hope...

俗话说：“一年之计在于春，一日只计在于晨，但是我们说春天美，美在哪里?” 近了，近了，我听到春天的脚步声了，她正在步大步地向我们走来。这一切报告着春天的来临，我整个心都飘了出去，飘到那下去诺言的花儿声，飘到那油绿的草地上。

瞧!春姑娘来了，披真长发真美啊!这是个大地春回、万物复苏的季节，像蛇，青蛙之类的冷血动物都停止了东面，爬到大地面上欣赏春天，小鸟鸣春，百花争艳，燕子也非回来搭窝了，春天使大地恢复了万紫千红的气氛。连春雨，春雷也连绵不断地来为我们报春，可热闹了!春天正是播种的好季节，农民伯伯趁这个好季节开始播种了，到了秋天就有好的收成，好的收获。春天不像下夏天那样干枯，炎热，不像秋天那样冷清，也不像冬天那样寒冷，而春天是一个生机勃勃，充满活力的春天，这使得我想起了全面的母亲 ，母亲就像大地，母亲生下了我们，我们就有了生民，大地春回了，就等于一切都要重新开始了，所有的生命都重新来过。

人们可喜欢春天了，因为这美丽的春天，给人以新的开始，新的收获，新的生命，新的希望……

There are four seasons in a year and I like the spring most. Spring is the beginning of the year. In spring, everything is new and fresh. The plants turn to grow and green. I rains sometimes and it makes the air fresh. Spring brings good hope for people. We can make a good wish for the whole year and work hard on it. I have my wish, too and I will work hard on it.

一、道理论据：

1、只有坚持不懈地刻苦学习，是不必担心不能成材的。——华罗庚

2、伟大的成绩和辛勤的劳动是成正比例的，有一分劳动就有一分收获，日积月累，从少到多，奇迹可以创造出来。——鲁迅

3、人生在勤，不索何获。——范晔

二、事实论据：

1、王羲之苦练成“书圣”刮目相看头悬梁锥刺股

2、自学成才的高尔基。高尔基小时候是在每天十几小时繁重劳动和鞭打责骂下度过的。但即使过着这样的生活，他也总是抓住每一分钟空闲时间读书。店老板不许他读书，他千方百计地弄到书，躲到阁楼上、储藏室里阅读。夜晚借月光或自制的小灯盏照着读书，没有蜡烛，他就把老的烛盘上的蜡油收集起来，装在一只罐头盒里，再注入一些灯油，用棉线卷一根灯芯照着读书。在面包房当工人时，他用零碎的木棒在揉面的台子上架起一个临时的书架，一面揉面团，一面读书。有一次，老板走进去看他在读书，想把书拿走扔到火里去，高尔基抓住老板的胳膊愤怒地叫喊：“你敢烧掉那本书！”吼退了老板。监视、威吓没能阻止高尔基读书，反而使他自学的信念更坚定了。

[中考作文议论文写作之素材勤奋

I have a good English teacher. Her name is Wu Fang. She is 34 years old. She has short curly hair and is of medium build, she is tall. And she has many habits!

She likes playing badminton and basketball. She is healthy.. She likes reading, singing, dancing… . She says she will be our best friend. Many students love her very much.

My English teacher is very strict(严厉) with us. Her English is really good, she gives us some advice about how to learn English well. She tells us to practice English every day. And listening to English music is also a good way to improve(改善）our English.

This is my English teacher. A popular English teacher!

……

[我的英语老师作文素材