英国和美国的文化差异英语作文(汇编20篇)

Let’s work together to find a balance point

Dear mom and dad:

A warm family , a fantastic surroundings are the best gift which you have given me since I was born. I don’t know how to express my appreciati The topic like (转载于:www.cSSyq.co m 书 业 网)“what’s a university?” or “what a university should do?” has been discussed many times in every age. Not only educationalists but also students take into it. Is it necessary to give priority to skills and knowledge in university education as they are essential to employers? Or students in universities should have access to all of knowledge just as they have their own sake? Chose A or B, this is a problem.

The value of knowledge itself need to be considered first in university education even though the course is not as practical as skills and technology. In Chinese culture, morality education is always took at first. It said that the way of real learning is to develop and expand virtue, to innovate peoples’ opinions, to get the best goodness. In addition, there are four stages in the success of a gentleman: first, to cultivate his moral characters; second, regulate his own family; third, rule the state successfully; forth, let the world get peace. In Chinese traditional value, students in

university need to develop his morality firstly, though these knowledge is not as useful as other skills after they get a job.

On the other hand, the practicability of a university course is also worth considering, especially in the age when our government call for the attention to skills and technology in university education and when the employees prefer to capacity and practical knowledge of employers. The time in university is limited and conditions and aims of students are different. When students chose which course to learn, it is inevitable for some of them prefer to those which are more needed in workplace.

Universities give equal access to all of knowledge, including the practical courses and others. What’s more, they need give more chance to students to choose what to learn. Congratulate on diversity!

I like Christmas, it is just like our Spring Festival. Maybe the Spring Festival is much more important and interesting than Christmas, but I like Christmas Day better. Because we can spend time with our friends and classmates during Christmas. When it is snowy, Christmas becomes much more lovely, just like in fairytales. I can imagine I am in a fairytale, the girl who sold the matches is my friend, the ugly duck becoming more and more beautiful and so on. What a beautiful place! So we can also call Christmas “Snowy Lovely Day.” On Christmas Day, shops are red and green. There are so many Christmas cards, Christmas hats, Christmas dolls and many colourful things. So shops look very beautiful. We can give a card or a doll to our friends and say “Merry Christmas.” By the way, I think studying can also become much more interesting. Christmas is coming, it also means a new year will come. Let’s study harder to welcome the new year!

译文：

我喜欢圣诞节，这就像我们的春节。 也许春节更重要，比圣诞有意思，但我更喜欢圣诞节。因为我们可以花与我们的朋友和同学在圣诞节期间。当它是雪，圣诞节变得更加可爱，就像童话故事。我可以想像我在童话，谁卖女孩的比赛我是我的朋友，老母鸡变得越来越美丽，等等。多么美丽的地方!因此，我们也可以拨打圣诞“雪可爱的一天。” 在圣诞节那天，商店是红色和绿色。有许多圣诞卡，圣诞帽子，圣诞娃娃和许多丰富多彩的事情。因此，商店的非常漂亮。我们可以提供一个卡或向我们的朋友娃娃，说“圣诞快乐。”对了，我想学习也可以变得更加有趣。 圣诞节即将到来，这也意味着新的一年到来。让我们加强学习，以迎接新的一年。

据钱江晚报的消息说，2月17日7点,张艺谋执导的电影《长城》，终于在北美上映了。首日票房五百九十万美元(折合人民币约四千零四十九万)，是中国内地首日票房一点二四亿人民币的三分之一，紧随《乐高蝙蝠侠》、《五十度黑》，位列第三。而根据预测，在全美三千三百多家影院大规模上映的《长城》，首周末四天有望拿下近两千万美元。不少媒体认为，在视觉和机构上，这《长城》借鉴了《权力的游戏》和《星河战队》等好莱坞的一些核心元素，找来好莱坞水准的特效团队，加上马特·达蒙等有号召力的影星加盟，走的是“标准大片范儿”的路线。然而，故事本身却收到各种花式吐槽。

即便如此，在鉴于电影在国内的票房不如预期，所以此次在北美的票房无疑是重中之重。但影评惨不忍睹，社交媒体上的吐槽随处可见，未来票房收入前景黯淡。有这么一篇题为《为什么中国和好莱坞无法交融》中有几句话还是有几分道理的，如果说好莱坞希望与中国电影人合作的话，那就应该放弃不伦不类的合拍片。更好的做法，是在中国建立一家国际制片公司来培养年轻的中国电影人和编剧，并帮助他们创作出可以吸引中国观众的影片。这才是中国以及好莱坞制作卖座影片的有效的诀窍。

但是，在许多国内媒体看来，该片北美票房似乎是一个差强人意的成绩。该片启用了好莱坞巨星马克·达蒙，张艺谋在过去有十七部电影在北美上映，也是为美国观众所熟知的华人导演。特效方面启用世界顶尖的特效公司工业光魔、维塔工作室。总之，在国内媒体看来，这应该是一部拿去和《魔兽》这样的顶级好莱坞魔幻片大制作比较的影片。实际上对于北美观众来说，这首先是一部中美合拍片，即使有了呆萌的加盟，它更合理的比较对象，依然应该是《英雄》，而不是《魔兽》。将《长城》票房与好莱坞顶级魔幻大制作比较，对它也并不公平。

单单从文化上有不适应性，剧中守城士兵的服装过于夸张，产生一种可笑而不严肃的观感。诸如像“片子无聊”、“痛苦地令人感到毫无启发”、“漂亮面孔的堆砌”，也无非是全片存在文化不兼容性，除了一些华丽的视效外，电影本身情节太过可预测，对白苍白，无法给观众带来有精神冲击的观影感受。而有评论者认为，若是能仔细想想，就好比是抗日神剧，类似“我爷爷在我很小的时候就死了”层出不穷，可还是挡不住大家看，不免在观影时是一边骂一边看的。但是在神剧里我们还可以去以血还血、以牙还牙来对待。

尽管片中也有不少张艺谋惯用的元素，《英雄》，《十面埋伏》，《黄金甲》三部古装片积累的经验都可在本片见到，比如像飞刀“仙人指路”一样的射箭表演，皇宫里斑斓的色彩，团体操式的行军打仗设计。但这些都是皮毛，它的内核看不到张艺谋的追求，若这样来看的话，张艺谋早期选故事很有投机眼光，他那时拍出的文艺片都很有话题性，可以同时满足东西方观众的猎奇心理。到了上个世纪九十年代中后期，张艺谋的方寸就有点乱了。那感觉就像他被资本牵着鼻子走，被商业大潮卷来卷去身不由己。是因为他对于导演文艺片这件事厌倦了或是江郎才尽了?也可能是因为他选择文艺片故事的投机眼光出问题了。

换句话说，诸如像那些个消极的批评其实是不甚公平的，容易忽视《长城》的文化和历史价值。原本观众们在电影里看到的往往是阿米利肯联邦的超级英雄们忙着拯救人类，主战场往往在阿米利肯的城市里。难免有人批评说，这个电影不应该叫《长城》，或许应该叫《我在宋朝打怪兽》之类的名称更合适。然而，这种批评意见没有意识到，如此的“长城”这个名称与其说是在命名故事情节，不如说是在表现文化要素，在进行文化释放。不错，长城就是天朝文化的典型代名词之一，伫立在那里。

然这问题是对于电影欢迎一切科学的、实事求是的、公正的批评，但批评不是“阴谋”的狂欢，不是“预谋”的胜利。若是说这恶意影评是一把双刃剑，博眼球能赢得一时的利益，但实际上却是饮鸩止渴，大浪淘沙终将被淘汰。不知道这批评应该是基于事实，不是站队，或者说对于影评中的摆事实讲道理，是电影批评起码的起点。即便是电影用了中国文化的象征做故事背景，那么对于导演和演员都太有名了。这两点的存在，难道电影上不上映都注定了要被骂么。电影《长城》当前水深火热的处境，不仅仅来源于电影本身质量与观众对张艺谋电影心理期待的巨大价值差，更来源于现今乌烟瘴气的网络舆论生态。

另则评论者认为，说张艺谋算是做的很优秀了。虽然也赞同从转战商业电影开始的作品，文化厚度与思维深度都有一定程度的下滑，但不容置喙的是无论英雄也好长城也罢，影片的可观赏性并未减弱。但毕竟在网络信息社会及知识化水平的提高在不断提升着大众的审美，此间也有很多人吐槽片中的“擂鼓”和“边塞歌”等场景，我很想说，文化程度高但是知识水平低的人真是好多好多。影片中庄严有节奏的出战擂鼓仪式，被无知评论说成“双节棍”，虽然我没有查证找出宋代当时军队出战时的擂鼓方式具体如何，但我肯定也是庄重肃穆整齐划一的，至少不会像一些影视剧中衙门击鼓告状那么简单，而摄影出身且对细节要求苛刻的张艺谋，必定也是查阅了大量文献资料才会将它展示在影片中的。

即便如此，之前看多几部好莱坞电影的都清楚，从成龙时代到近几年的《敢死队》、《变形金刚》、《惊天魔盗团》，中西结合已成为一部影片国际化的一大常见卖点了，并不稀奇。若说这张艺谋如此设定可能是在商业化《英雄》的基础上将中国文化中国元素中国电影迈向更高的国际化舞台，而更深入的探索中西方元素在文化与艺术两个层面更恰当友好的融合对于所谓的“边塞歌”等场景同理，实话说这些场景还都挺美。这也就是中国当前网络舆论生态中的一大乱象了，所有该关注该研究的事物，很少有人会去花心思挖掘探索，反倒是对那些无意义的不该操心的事情，个个兴致盎然。巧的是这次的《长城》正好又是一部“无意义的不该操心的事情”比较多的电影，这《长城》被置于如此风口浪尖也就不足为奇了。诸如此类。

Its summertime, and the life is easy. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school is out. Because the weather is great. And most of all, because we all deserve a break. When Americans take a break, they often head for their favorite vacation spot.

夏天到了，生活很惬意。对很多美国人来说，这是个旅游的季节，为什呢?因为学校放假，因为天气很好，但最重要的是，休假是我们所应该享有的权利。美国人休假时经常会去他们最喜欢的度假地点。

Many American vacations are as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more "family friendly" vacation resorts offer special programs for children.

很多美国假期非常特别，和参与此种假期的人一样特别。全家出游时通常会将孩子考虑在内，有愈来愈多“适合全家出游”的度假地点为孩子提供特别的活动。

History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer "green vacations." These trips allow them to observe flora and fauna up-close without disturbing the sensitive balance of nature.

对历史有兴趣的人会找一些著名的历史据点和博物馆。有环保意识的人喜欢“环保假期”，这样的旅行使他们能近距离观察动植物，并且不会扰乱了大自然敏感的生态平衡。

Some people find sea cruises relaxing and refreshing. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting. Daring souls get the thrill of a lifetime on trekking expeditions and safaris in remote places from Afica to Asia.

有些人觉得海上旅游能使心情放松并感到清凉，有些人则到水边钓鱼、滑水或泛舟。胆子大的人到亚洲和非洲去探险狩猎作长途旅行，享受一辈子难得一次的刺激。

Americans arent the only people in the world who travel. International business, mass communication and jet airplanes have created a world of globetrotters.

美国人不是世上唯一爱旅行的人。国际企业、大众传播与喷射机创造了一个环游世界者的世纪。

People all over the world enjoy going abroad to travel. And no matter where they live, people enjoy visiting scenic spots in their own country. But being on the go makes Americans what they are: people on the move. In America, almost everybody is a tourist sometime.

全世界的人都喜欢到海外旅游，不管住在哪里，人们都喜欢去造访自己国家内风景优美的地区。不过好动的本性使美国人变成今天的模样：成为爱迁移的人。在美国，几乎每个人都有旅游的经验。

[描写美国文化的作文

Old People in America

In the old days，American families were bigger。 People had more children，and grandparents and great-grandparents lived with their families。 But now， families are smaller， and many old people

live alone。 At the same time， Americans are living longer and longer。 The number of old people is always growing。

Some old people like to stay in their old homes。 They do not want to move from their old homes。 They do not want to move from their hometown。 They are near their 。friends and family。 But some do not have a lot of friends。 They want to meet new people。 They want to live in a quiet place with other

people of their age。

A large number of old people are moving to the South。 It is warm there。 You do not have to walk through the snow in winter，or pay a lot of money for heating。

A large number of old people are moving to the South only for old people。 One of these is Sun City， near Phoenix， Arizona。 All the families in Sun City must have one person over the age of 50 ，and children under 18 years old cant live there。

美国的老人

以前美国都是大家庭。人们孩子很多，祖父母和曾祖父母都和家人在一起生活。但现在，家庭越来越小，许多老人独自生活。与此同时，美国人越活越长。老年人的数目总在不断增长。

有些老人喜欢呆在他们原来的房子里。他们不愿意从旧房子里搬出来。他们不想离开家乡。他们想住在朋友和家人附近。但是有些老人朋友不多，他们想结交新人，他们想和其他同龄的老人共同居住在一个僻静的地方。

很多老人正在迁往南部，那里天气暖和。冬天的时候不需要在雪中走路，也不需要交大笔取暖费。

很多老人正在迁往只允许老人居住的南部城市。其中之一就是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯附近的太阳城。太阳城居住的所有家庭都必须有一个成员在50岁以上，18岁以下的孩子能住在那里。

The United States of America (USA) is the only superpower on this globe now. It is a developed country with diversified cultures such as Asian, European and African. Some people call USA "the melting pot" because of the diversity.

USA has a dominating power over economy, education, policitcs, milatary and culture all around the world. It has advanced industries, ideas and some of the smartest scientist on this earth.

But it also has its own problems such as racial discrimination and the widening gap between the rich and the poor.

美利坚合众国（USA）是世界上唯一的一个超级大国.她是一个发达国家,有多元化的文化,像亚洲、欧洲和非洲的.正因为此,有些人把美国称为一个“大熔炉”.

美国现在在世界上的各个领域都雄霸一方,像经济、教育、政治、军事和文化.她有先进的工业、思想,并有全世界一些最聪明的科学家.

但是她也有自己的问题,比如种族歧视和穷富之间逐渐拉大的差距.

Recently watching American TV Dramas has become more and more popular with youth in our country. There are various kinds of reasons. Generally speaking, TV Dramas are suitable for the psychology of youth. The network technology will be developed as well at the same time. What’s more, it can make our spoken English well. Every coin has two sides, but it shows off a humanism, and spreads bad influences such as violence, etc.

I think the positive influences are more important than negative ones.

First of all, a number of American TV Dramas express duty, family, freedom, justice and love concept. It’s useful to develop youth’s recessive education. Only in this way will TV Dramas play a positive part and make up for shortcomings in political education. Next, it can broaden our eyes and knowledge and make us know what is different from home and abroad. With this method, we can know the western society. We’ll be affected by different culture ambience and ideology concept. Under the background of the whole world, knowing the cultures of western countries can promote each country’s communications well. In addition, In this process, TV Dramas play a role of bridge. Then, it will develop independent personality. America uphold particular concept and suggest their educational productions. Youth is the most energetic generation, encourages people show off personality and dares to break the outmoded conventions. It’s the prerequisite of innovation.

Finally, TV Dramas also help you face reality and surmount ideality. Nowadays, some youth always depend on others, such as their parents or friends. They also have idealism and is extremely conceited or inferiority. They often don’t find themselves in society, due to the influences of life education environment.

By this we can make a conclusion. No matter how hard it will be, we should always be free and try our best to conquer the enemy, just like the actors in the film. Another thing we have to remember is the great development of China. TV Dramas’ productions suggest the culture and psychological state of the country from some kinds of degree. It can promote our country’s economic development. Watching TV Dramas is a way to follow fashion. Therefore, everyone should work hard to make our country stronger and stronger. Through American TV Dramas, we should strengthen our duty and proud of our country. Let’s work together!

最近看美国电视剧已经在我国青年中越来越受欢迎。有各种各样的原因。一般来说，电视剧合适青少年的心理。同时，网络技术将被发展起来。更重要的是，它可以使我们的英语口语变好。每个硬币都有两面，但它显示了一个人文主义，和传播的不良影响如暴力，等。

我认为积极的影响比消极的影响更重要。

首先，美国一些电视剧表达的责任，家庭，自由，正义和爱的概念。培养青年的隐性教育是有用的。只有这样，电视剧中扮演一个积极的角色，弥补政治教育的不足。其次，它能开阔我们的视野和知识使我们知道，国内外不同的是什么。用这种方法，我们可以了解西方社会。我们会受到不同的文化氛围和意识形态概念。在全世界的背景下，了解西方国家的文化可以促进各个国家的通讯。此外，在这一过程中，电视剧起到了桥梁作用。然后，它会培养独立人格。美国坚持特定的概念，建议他们的教育成果。青春是最充满活力的一代，鼓励人们展示个性，敢于打破陈规。这是创新的前提。

最后，电视剧也帮助你面对现实和超越的理想。如今，一些青少年总是依赖别人，如父母或朋友。他们也有理想主义和极其自负或自卑感。他们经常不能在社会中找到自己，因为生活教育环境的影响。

因此我们可以得出结论。不管有多难，我们都应该是自由的，尽我们最大的努力去征服敌人，就像电影中的演员。另一件我们需要记住的是，中国经济的巨大发展。电视剧作品从某种程度上表明了这个国家的文化和心理状态。它可以促进我国经济的发展。看电视剧是一路追随时尚。因此，每个人都应该努力使我们的国家越来越强大。通过美国的电视剧，我们应该加强我们的义务，让我们一起工作让我们的国家感到自豪。！

[美国电视剧英语作文

Old People in America

In the old days,American families were bigger. People had more children,and grandparents and great-grandparents lived with their families. But now, families are smaller, and many old people

live alone. At the same time, Americans are living longer and longer. The number of old people is always growing.

Some old people like to stay in their old homes. They do not want to move from their old homes. They do not want to move from their hometown. They are near their .friends and family. But some do not have a lot of friends. They want to meet new people. They want to live in a quiet place with other people of their age.

A large number of old people are moving to the South. It is warm there. You do not have to walk through the snow in winter,or pay a lot of money for heating.

A large number of old people are moving to the South only for old people. One of these is Sun City, near Phoenix, Arizona. All the families in Sun City must have one person over the age of 50 ,and children under 18 years old cant live there.

美国的老人

以前美国都是大家庭，Old People in America(美国的老人)，四六级写作《Old People in America(美国的老人)》。人们孩子很多，祖父母和曾祖父母都和家人在一起生活。但现在，家庭越来越小，许多老人独自生活。与此同时，美国人越活越长。老年人的数目总在不断增长。

有些老人喜欢呆在他们原来的房子里。他们不愿意从旧房子里搬出来。他们不想离开家乡。他们想住在朋友和家人附近。但是有些老人朋友不多，他们想结交新人，他们想和其他同龄的老人共同居住在一个僻静的地方。

很多老人正在迁往南部，那里天气暖和。冬天的时候不需要在雪中走路，也不需要交大笔取暖费。

很多老人正在迁往只允许老人居住的南部城市。其中之一就是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯附近的太阳城。太阳城居住的所有家庭都必须有一个成员在50岁以上，18岁以下的孩子能住在那里。

[美国的老人英语作文150词

It is widely noted that lots of traditional culture is disappearing along

with the development of technology. Many ancient architectures and traditional

ways of living have been deserted. It seems that the traditional culture and

craftsmanship will be replaced in this modern era.

The following reasons can account for the above phenomenon. Firstly,

traditional technologies are always considered ineffective while the new

sciences are always highly efficient, because modern science and technology

facilitate both our daily and academic life a lot, with which we can save much

money and time. Secondly, it is costly to protect the traditional culture,

especially the maintenance and repair of the historical buildings.

In my opinion, although traditional culture is an ancient heritage, it

couldnt keep pace with the development of society. It is the tide of history

that the traditional culture and technology will no doubt be eliminated in the

end.

要想要提升英语作文水平，要依靠平时的练习和背诵。根据六级的英语作文出题方向，本文特地针对最近的实事，整理了两篇值得一练的英语作文题并附上了参考例文。在写好作文的时候，应再仔细检查一遍，有没有语法方面的错误和中式英语。希望大家有所收获。

一、题目要求：

1. 现在流行网上购物

2. 网上购物的利弊

3. 我的看法

参考范文：

Nowadays with the ever rapid development and increasing popularity of the information technology , shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters.

Online shopping has made our daily life more convenient and comfortable. For example , shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. The internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries .On the other hand , lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. What’ s more the delivery will increase the risk of items’ damage.

In my opinion, shopping on the internet is a irreversible trend. More and more people will be accustomed to it. It will be much more popular in the near future. And at the same time we should take some measures to make it perfect.

二、题目要求：

1. 现在许多传统文化正慢慢消失

2. 传统文化消失的原因

3. 我的看法

参考范文：

On the losing of Traditional Culture

It is widely noted that lots of traditional culture is disappearing along with the development of technology. Many ancient architectures and traditional ways of living have been deserted. It seems that the traditional culture and craftsmanship will be replaced in this modern era.

The following reasons can account for the above phenomenon. Firstly, traditional technologies are always considered ineffective while the new sciences are always highly efficient, because modern science and technology facilitate both our daily and academic life a lot, with which we can save much money and time. Secondly, it is costly to protect the traditional culture, especially the maintenance and repair of the historical buildings.

In my opinion, although traditional culture is an ancient heritage, it couldnt keep pace with the development of society. It is the tide of history that the traditional culture and technology will no doubt be eliminated in the end.

I see a show about painting. An exhibition at a private art gallery is a way of introducing a new artist to the public .

The idea is to stage an event that will create interest in the artist and stimulate sales of his or her work. Exhibitions of painting , sculpture, and photography at public museums and galleries are different from private showings.

The works exhibited at public museums are by established, well-known artists. Many exhibitions include works from the museum’s permanent collection—that is, works owned by the museum.

[美国人的绘画生活中学英语作文

近了，近了，当游轮停靠在自由岛边时，法国1876年赠送给美国独立100周年的礼物自由女神像伫立在我们面前。雕塑家巴托尔迪历时10年完成的女神雕塑，身着古希腊风格的服装，左手捧着《独立宣言》，右手高举着火炬，脚下则是打碎的镣铐。在自由女神像周边，海鸥丝毫不畏惧游客，时而拍打着翅膀从游客头上飞过，时而盘旋着落在游人身边。 和自由女神像挥手再见，美国女诗人埃玛娜莎罗其的诗歌《新巨人》回荡在耳畔：把这些无家可归的/饱受颠沛的人们/一起交给我/我站在金门口/高举自由的灯火。当夜幕降临时，神像基座的灯光由下往上照射，青色的雕像独自站在哈德逊河口的自由岛上。

船很快又停靠在爱丽丝岛边。19世纪末、20世纪，每一位要入境美国新大陆的移民，都必经爱丽丝岛。尤其是在1892年至1954年的移民潮期间，超过1200万移民抵达此地，每天都有5000人在这个移民大厅等待移民官的询问。寻找自由与机会的移民们满怀希望而来，也有可能无法通过身体健康检疫被遣返，对许多人来说，他们眼里这座希望之岛，有时也是眼泪之岛。

爱丽丝岛移民历史博物馆，To New York的指示牌隐约可见。空荡的大厅里插着两面美国国旗，许多移民的照片悬挂在墙上。坐在椅子上随手翻看桌上塑封好的写满密密麻麻移民名字的本子，似乎每一个人都微不足道，但于他们个人而言，当年的移民经历，也许意味着一生的荣辱成败。

坐上最后一班返回的游船，船上的零售店开始清理当天卖不出去的熟食，帅气的小伙利索地包装好热狗、甜甜圈，微笑着示意乘客们可以随意自取。大部分游客和我一样，面对突如其来的免费食物，只是微笑着婉言谢绝，眼神中写满了怀疑。当最后几份食物被游客拿走并吃完后，我们才相信，那些热狗真是免费的。想到这是在美国，在自由岛和爱丽丝岛的旁边，我在想，一个人的气质是由内而外的；而一代人的精神风貌，来源于一个民族长期的积淀。

[美国移民文化小作文

The cartoon given above tells us that there are two persons who are arguing with each other about the importance of book Knowledge and experience. In fact, knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include reading books, classroom activities and practice.

The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in our daily life. First of all, we can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. Second, we can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Last but not least, we can shuttle between the past and the future by reading books. In this way, we wont repeat the mistakes of others.

Practice, on the other hand, offers us more useful knowledge. In fact, as we all know failure is the mother of success. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful.

2013年山东高考英语作文题目：给美国朋友Tom的回信

第二节：写作(满分30分)

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回邮件：

1. 未及时回复的原因;

2. 你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。

注意： 1. 次数：120~150;

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【试题点评】

今年的书面表达题目延续山东省一贯的提纲作文命题习惯，时隔一年之后重新回到“书信题”的大框架中，考了一篇“以道歉信为外衣，以活动安排为主体段”的提纲作文，相当于10年山东卷(道歉信)和07年四川卷(假期安排)和合体。这种作文是我们平时经常练习的，因此套路很完善、套话很丰富。此外，本文中需要同学们翻译的难句不多，因此，只要在备考过程中有意识地了解过高考英语作文的提分方法，掌握了常用的亮点词汇、加分句型和过渡词，并加以针对性训练，这道题目应该不难写。

【经典套路】

第一段：问候+写信背景+写信目的

第二段：“道歉”部分(相当于“写信背景”)

第三段：“假期安排”部分

第四段：补充说明+客套话

【高分范文】

Dear Tom,

How are you doing? (问候) You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation.(写信背景) I am sorry that I didn’t reply without delay.(写信目的)

How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it. However, I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time, which is vital for me. As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study. I believe that if you were me, you would make the same choice.(第二段为道歉信常见套路)

By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacation.(主题句) First and foremost, I would do a part time job, so that my interpersonal skills would be improved.(拓展句1) Additionally, I will take a short trip to Beijing to take a summer course in the New Oriental School.(拓展句2) Last but not least, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.(拓展句3)

These are my plan for the summer vacation. What’s yours? I am looking forward to your earliest reply.(以合理的客套话结尾)

How to overcome culture shock

Some good ways to successfully minimize and overcome culture shock are to read about the place where you will be staying and the things you will be doing, also, if possible, speak with someone already living in the new environment.

Once you are there, keep in mind that people and customs may be very different from what you are used to. Having realistic expectations and realizing that difficulties and misunderstandings may occur will help you keep a cool head when they do, and keeping an open mind will allow you to find solutions to those problems that may arise.

When possible interact with the local population. Dont succumb to the temptation to isolate yourself, even if it is within a group of compatriots. Locals will generally be pleased to introduce you to their culture and willing to answer questions. Dont be afraid of making mistakes. When you are eager to learn people are usually more than willing to meet you half-way and learn from you in turn.

Find ways to keep in touch with family and friends at home. Sometimes you just need to talk with someone who fully understands who you are and feels that your way of being is not strange, or rude. Keeping in touch also makes the homecoming process much easier.

The passage mainly tells us the importance of protecting traditional

Chinese culture, which is challenged or facing extinction because of the

developing society and changing lifestyle. Besides, China is nationwide sparing

no efforts to do it.

The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance to

Chinese cultural diversity and also to the harmonious development between local

economic and social development. It is reported that the Guangdong government

pays special attention to protecting Chaoju(潮剧)， a local drama born in Chaozhou

in the eastern Guangdong province.

In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture

effectively. To start with, we should make a law to regulate the society’s

performance. Besides, we should draw more people’s attention to it, for the more

they know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger the support

we can get from the public.

In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable

culture.

today, even-increasing people think studying abroad is a good approach to students. i think its main advantage is that students can learn foreign languages better because of the good language environment. it helps them to improve the level of foreign languages. outstanding language level can enhance their core competition when finding jobs in the future. secondly, studying abroad provides people golden opportunities to expand their horizon and learn advance foregin technology. moreover, it is useful to spread and exchange different culture. however, there exist numbers of disadvantages. first, those who go to abroad for studying usually are much young. generally specking, they lack of experience of life and cannot take good care of themselves. second, students will feel lonely and miss their hometowns, especially on Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn festival. furthermore, living and tuition generally are too high that people cannt afford it. so, if you want to study abroad, you should consider the above points carefully.

根据霍夫斯泰德对文化所下的定义，文化是在同一个环境中的人们所具有的“共同的心理程序”，是由相同的教育背景和生活经历所决定的。因此，各个不同的民族或地域之前会存在文化差异，因为其中的人会受到教育、社会和工作经验的影响。以东西方的文化差异为例，中国是一个崇尚大权力距离的国家，而美国是权力距离相对较小的国家。因此，地位象征对中国人来说尤为重要，认为上级所拥有的特权是理所当然的;而美国人则认为人与人之间是平等的。此外，西方人相对比较个人主义而东方人则更看重集体主义。在个人主义的社会中，人们重视自身的价值和需要，依靠个人的努力来为自己谋取利益，而在集体主义国家，人们把自己融入到一个或几个集体中，在这些集体中找到属于自己的位置，人们在精神上依赖于集体，因此，和谐在这些国家中显得尤为重要。在东西方文化中，还存在以下三个主要的文化差异，即不确定性规避、男性度与女性度以及长期取向与短期取向。

Franklin is the Founding Father who is seen as the master of home-spun(朴素的) practical wisdom. Of humble origins, Franklin began as a printer and writer (the author of Poor Richards Almanack), then became an inventor and scientist, and concluded his long career as the consummate(完美的) diplomat. He played a key behind-the-scenes role at the conventions that led to the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

富兰克林是美国开国元勋，被誉为朴素、务实的智慧大师。他出身贫寒，最初从事印刷和写作(《穷人理查德年鉴》一书的作者)，后成为发明家和科学家，最后作为杰出的外交家结束了漫长的职业生涯。他从幕后为各种重要会议发挥了关键作用，最后导致《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》的诞生。

George Washington (1732-99)

The first president of the United States and the American commander in chief during the War of Independence from Great Britain, Washington is often called the "Father of His Country." Originally a gentleman farmer from Virginia, Washington showed great leadership qualities as a soldier. Highly popular with the American public, he was eulogized by a member of Congress as "first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen."

乔治?华盛顿(George Washington, 1732-1799)

华盛顿是美国第一任总统，在摆脱英国统治的独立战争(War of Independence)时期担任总司令，常被尊称为“国父”。他原是弗吉尼亚州(Virginia)一位从事农业的乡绅，后成为一名军人，表现出非凡的领导能力。他在美国公众中享有崇高的声望，一位国会议员曾赞颂他

是“英勇作战第一人，争取和平第一人、國人心中第一人”。

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. "We hold these truths to be self-evident," he wrote, "that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." Jefferson, who was later elected the third president of the United States, also wrote the state of Virginias law establishing religious freedom and founded the University of Virginia. 托马斯?杰佛逊(Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826)

杰佛逊是1776年《独立宣言》主要起草人。他写道：“我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的 : 人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。”杰佛逊后来当选美国第三任总统。他还起草了弗吉尼亚州保障宗教自由的法律，并创办了弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)。

Sacagawea (ca. 1786-1812)

A young woman of the Lemhi Indians in present-day Idaho, Sacagawea helped the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804-06 explore vast newly acquired lands in the American West. Sacagawea, who spoke several Indian dialects, served as a guide and interpreter to various Native American tribes during this peaceful expedition. When the expedition encountered the Lemhi band, she arranged for the Lemhi to provide the horses, provisions, and shelter that made the journey to the

Pacific Ocean possible. One of Sacagaweas descendants, Willow Jack, is pictured in authentic costume.

莎卡嘉薇亚(Sacagawea, 1786-1812)

莎卡嘉薇亚是印第安人莱姆哈伊(Lemhi)部族的成员，该地现属爱达荷州(Idaho)。她在1804年至1806年间帮助刘易斯(Lewis)和克拉克(Clark)远征队在美国刚获得的西部广袤土地上探险。莎卡嘉薇亚通晓好几种印第安人的方言，为这项和平探险任务担任向导并充当译员，与各种各样的印第安人部族进行沟通。在探险队遇到莱姆哈伊部族时，该部族经过她的安排为他们前往太平洋沿岸的旅途提供了必需的马匹、粮草和住所。图中身穿正统印第安人服装的威洛?杰克(Willow Jack)是莎卡嘉薇亚的后裔。

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

President during the American Civil War, 1861-65, Lincoln is revered for having kept the Union together and freeing the slaves. A legislator from Illinois, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for president and was elected on an anti-slavery platform in 1860. As a result, 11 southern states seceded and war began. In the Gettysburg Address, he stated his resolve “that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

亚伯拉罕?林肯(Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865)

林肯在1861年至1865年美国南北战争时期担任美国总统，他因维护美国统一和解放黑奴而广受尊崇。林肯原是伊利诺伊州(Illinois)联邦议员，后获共和党提名为总统候选人，1860年以反对奴隶制的政纲当选总统。此后，南方11个州脱离联邦，引发美国内战。林肯发表的葛底斯堡演说(Gettysburg Address)表示，决心“使民有、民治、民享的政府与世长存”。

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

Appalled that the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1870) guaranteed the right to vote to newly freed slaves but not to women, Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to the polls in Rochester, New York. She was arrested several times for trying to vote, and later organized the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. She died in 1906, having paved the way for the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted American women the right to vote in 1920. 蘇珊?安東尼(Susan B. Anthony, 1820-1906)

蘇珊?安東尼对1870年美国宪法第15条修正案表示极为不满，因为该修正案只保障新获得解放的奴隶有选举权，但不给妇女同样的权利。她带领一群妇女去纽约州罗切斯特(Rochester, New York)投票站表达抗议。她因试图投票参加选举多次被捕，后来组织了国际妇女选举权同盟(International Woman Suffrage Alliance)。她于1906年逝世，但她为1920年保障妇女选举权的第19条宪法修正案获得通过创造了条件。

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

The foremost physicist of the 20th century, Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which overturned previous ideas on the nature of the physical universe. Born in 1879 in Germany, he developed his important ideas as a young man. In 1933, Einstein took a position with the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, and became an American citizen in 1940." His ideas would prove instrumental in developing the atomic bomb during World War II. 阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)

爱因斯坦是20世纪久负盛名的物理学家。他创立了相对论(theory of relativity)，推翻了关于宇宙本质的旧观念。他1879年生于德国，很年轻时就提出了许多重要观点，1933年，他到新泽西州普林斯顿(Princeton, New Jersey)的高等研究院(Institute for Advanced Studies)任职， 1940年成为美国公民。他的学术思想对于美国在第二次世界大战(World War II)期间发明原子弹发挥了关键作用。

富兰克林?戴莱诺?罗斯福(Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882-1945)

罗斯福以其乐观的精神和政治智慧帮助美国渡过了南北战争(the Civil War)以来最艰难的时期：大萧条(the Great Depression)和第二次世界大战(World War II)。他于1933年就任总统，执政长达12年。在此期间，美国经济得到恢复，轴心国军队(the Axis forces)被打败。罗斯福是贫苦民众心目中的英雄，但众多工商界人士并不认同他在“新政” (New Deal)时期实施的经济和社会改革。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945)

Franklin D. Roosevelts optimism and political savvy helped carry the United States though its greatest domestic crisis since the Civil War: the hard times of the Great Depression and World War II. He assumed the presidency in 1933 and—during his 12 years at the helm—saw his country recover economically and triumph over the Axis forces. FDR was a hero to the poor, but many businessmen did not favor his economic and social reforms, called the New Deal.

约翰?菲茨杰拉德?肯尼迪(

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1917-1963)

肯尼迪具有卓越的领导才能，建立了众多的业绩，风度优雅，充满智慧和魅力，人们经常怀着感念的心情回忆他担任美国总统的三年时光。在德克萨斯州达拉斯(Dallas, Texas)，刺客的一颗子弹夺走了他的生命，但是他激励了千百万人民。1962年，他以坚定的意志抗击来古巴的苏联导弹威胁，以后又与苏联进行合作，缓和了核军备竞赛。他还创立了争取进步联盟(Alliance for Progress)及和平队(Peace Corps)。

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963)

People everywhere look back nostalgically to JFKs three years as president of the United States because of his leadership, his accomplishments, and his grace, wit, and charisma. He inspired millions before he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas. Although not afraid to stand

The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.

American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise succeand heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Succeis the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that ones personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The proceand result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.

American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dream of changing their social claand make their lifetime dream come true through their own efforts. This is what they often called "American dream".

In china if you invite people for meal, the person who invited other people would pay for the meal but it’s not the way in Western country. In western country people will think you only invited me but it’s not your responsibility to pay for me.

I can afford it. They won’t be happy if you pay for them. People in China would always put dishes into customer’s plate to show their hospitality, but they will think it’s not healthy because your chopsticks have been used by you. In western country like America not England, people will always give tips to waiter after they finished meal in a restaurant.

If you don’t they will not be happy because tips are one of their major income. In china this only happen in some top restaurants and hotels in large international cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Western people will also think you are rude if you make sound during the meal. Western people do not hold their bowl up even when they have a bowl of soup.