高中英语写作的基础训练4篇 作文题目（精彩20篇）

my  winter  holiday  pian

the winter holiday  ia  corning.  i’m  going  to  beijing  next  week.  i  will  go  there  by  piane.  my  perents  are  going  there  with  me.  we  are  going  to  take  a  trip  and  visit  my  aunt.  i  think  we  will  be  happy. 我的寒假计划

我下周要去北京。我将乘飞机去那里。我的父母和我去那里。我们打算去旅行，去看望我的姨妈。我想我们会幸福的。

Seeing mywhole education history, I have many teachers. But my favorite teacher is onlyone. He is Mr Lu. He is my middle Chinese teacher and head teacher. He is aboutfifty years old. Maybe he works too hard, so his back is a little bent.

He alwayswears a black glasses. He looks amiable but serious in study.

He always thinks us before everything. His class isvery interesting and full of different kinds of encouraging stories. He is verystrict to us in study. But whoever has difficulties, he would help us withouthesitation.

Sometimes he plays the role of a strict teacher, sometimes he takesthe place of a kind father.

纵观我整个受教育史，我有过很多老师。但我最喜欢的老师只有一个。他是陆老师。

他是我的初中语文老师兼班主任。他大约五十岁。也许是因为工作辛苦，所以他的背有点弯了。

他总是戴一副黑色的眼镜。他看上去很和蔼可亲，对学习却是很严格的。他总是把我们放在第一位。

他的课是非常有趣的，也经常讲各种不同励志故事。他对我们学习很严格。但无论谁有困难，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助我们。有时他是一个严格的老师，有时候他是一个慈祥的父亲。

写景状物文的写作对象是事物，因此需要抓住被写对象的特征。抓住事物的特征，是在写各种作文中都非常重要问题。下面是小编整理的写景状物作文的写作方法，希望对你有帮助！

分类描写法

分类描写是按描写对象的不同类别，如天地、山川、草木、虫鱼等，或不同方面，如形状、颜色、声音等的顺序来写的。因此描写时，不一定要交代观察点，也不一定要按时间或空间的顺序进行描写。采用分类描写法要把握景物的总特征和各类景物特征的关系。描写各类景物时，都要围绕景物的总特征。采用分类描写法，还要注意准确地“分门别类”，避免重复交叉。

围绕中心法

我们描写景物时，不可能把看到的全部写下来，而且也不必要全写。围绕中心法就是根据文章中心的需要，选择有关的景物进行描写。采用围绕中心描写景物，首先要确定文章的中心。有了中心，写景就有了主心骨。中心的确定来自对景物的细致观察。通过观察，抓住景物的主要特点，这就是文章中心。中心确定以后，就要对观察到的景物进行筛选。能表现中心的就要进行细致的描绘。能衬托中心的也要进行必要的描写。与中心无关的，就略去不写。

移步换景法

移步换景法一般适合于游记或参观记，描写景物时，人走景移，随着观察点的变换，不断展现新画面。采用移步换景法描写景物时，首先要把观察点的变换交代清楚。这样，读者才能清楚地知道游览或参观的路线。其次要把移步中或移步后所见到的景物具体地展现出来，使读者看到一幅幅绚丽多彩、内容丰富的生动画面。采用移步换景法描写景物时，要注意围绕一个中心展示不同的画面，避免有支离破碎的感觉。其次要进行精心的剪裁，要把一路上最有特色的景物描绘出来，删去一般性的描写，避免记流水帐。

定景换点法

同一景物，从不同的位置去看，所呈现的面貌是完全不同的。采用定景换点法描写景物就是把不同位置观察到的景物的差异写出来。采用定景换点法描写景物首先要把观察点的变化情况交代清楚，使读者知道是在什么地方观察到的。其次交代观察点时要按一定的顺序，或由下至上，或由上至下，或由远及近，或由近及远，或由左到右，或由右到左。此外描写景物时，注意从不同的侧面去反映，使读者对景物有整体感。

定点换景法

运用定点换景法描写景物，首先在观察景物时要注意选择好观察点。因为表现同一事物时，立足点不同，观察的“方位”、“角度”不同，呈现的面貌也各不相同，表达效果大不一样。其次描写时要注意把观察点交代清楚，即使不用文字作专门说明，也应该让读者能从描写中领会到作者观察的立足点和角度方位。此外，描写时要按照一定顺序，即由近及远或由远及近，由高到低或由低到高，从左到右或从右至左等等。这样可以把景物写得层次清楚，鲜明逼真，有立体感，给读者以如临其境，如在目前的感受。

日内变化法

同一景物在一天内不同的时刻，景色是不一样的。采用日内变化法描写景物，我们必须随着时间的变化而变化，去勾画景物的不同画面，并做到各有侧重，避免画面相似。采用日内变化法描写景物，不能只改变景物的地点，但是侧重点可以变化。这样，才能做到同中有异。

随时变化法

随时变化法一般运用于描写日出、月上、日落、月夕等天空的景色变化，以及描写刮风、下雨、下雪等气色变化。采用随时变化法描写景物，一定要注意仔细观察时间的推移过程中，景物所发生的细微变化，这样才能言之有物。在描写景物时，要把时间的变化交代清楚，这样能反映景物变化的时间进程感。其次要把景物在各个时间里自身特征的变化描写具体，使读者好像看到一场景物变化的小电影。

季节特征法

采用季节特征法描写自然景物，一定要对景物四季不同的特征进行仔细观察。描写时，既要逼真地再现具体的时令特征，又要表现景物本身的特征，使时令特征和景物特征融为一体。在描写景物的四季特征时，不能面面俱到，要做到各有侧重。此外，运用季节特征法描写景物时，不能变换景物的地点，要对同一地点的不同季节景色描写。

注意事项

写景状物文与记事文、写人文有一个共同的突出的特点：带有鲜明的主观性!要表现这一主观性，最简洁和有效的方法就是使用“我”来介入，恰当的使用“我”，在写景状物文中可以起到画龙点睛的作用。

20XX年X月X日 晴

Last summer vacation,my family and I went to Qingdao by train.There was always sunshine and fresh air,which made us so comfortable.We went to the seaside,the sea was as blue as the sky,and bathing in the sunshine on the beach, was really an enjoyable thing.I also picked up a lot of colorful shells with my little sister.

There we bought many interesting souvenirs,I was planing to send them to my friends.We ate many tings there,such as fish,prawn,and so on.They are very delicious.Then we lived in a clean and tidy hotel,and the price was not so expensive.I like Qingdao very much,and if I got a chance,I hope to come here again,it is such a beautiful and interesting place.

Nowadays, with the development of computer, the function of computer has developed, too. We can use computer to check the instant news, make friend and so on. The reason why so many people addict to computer is that they like to play the computer games, there are all kinds of computer games, everyone can find a game which is suitable to him. Too much involve in the computer games is wasting time, we should control our habit. First, we must set the limit time on it, wed better not to play the game over an hour. We have to tell ourselves that we must stop playing when the time is up, we have another thing to do. Second, we should go out with friends often, so we can communicate with others, it makes our mind not focus on the computer games. I am not saying we should not play computer games, but we should not addict to it.

My ideal school day starts at 8:30 a.m. It finishes at 3 p.m. so we would have a lot of time for after-school activities.

We have half an hour for lunch. We can eat anything and chat with each other. We can also listen to pop music in the hall. We eat an apple every day, because it can keep us healthy.

We have Chinese, Maths, English and physics every day, because they are useful and very important. We wear school uniforms on Monday.

My ideal school has a park on one side and a shopping mall on the other. We have a big library with a lot of useful books. We also have a swimming pool and a tennis court. We can do any activities after school or at weekends.

We only have half an hour of homework every day. We do not do homework at weekends. Every month, we go on a school trip to a museum or a theatre. In the summer time, we can go to Beijing or Shanghai. Every week, we go to Dongzhou Park or shopping malls.

I like my ideal school very much.

[我的理想校园生活为题目的英语作文

下面就是小编为大家带来的大学生法学论文基础知识、选题及写作方法，希望对你们有帮助。

法学论文的写作,虽然没有固定的模式,但有一定的规律可循。欲写出高水平的法学学术论文(亦称“法学学术理论文章”),必须既具有较高的思想理论水平和坚实的法学专业基础知识功底,又掌握并且能较熟练地运用写作技巧。现就与此有关的问题,阐述如下。

一 法学论文概述

学术论文,也称学术理论文章。它是指在自然科学或社会科学领域内用来进行科学研究和描述科学研究成果的论文。法学学术论文,是指在法学领域中对某个学术理论问题进行专门的系统的科学研究,并且表述某些研究成果的论文。“学术”,是指有专门的、系统的学问和方术。“理论”,是指科学的论点、论据及论证的体系。法学学术论文,就其功能而言,它既是探讨法律科学问题,进行法律科学研究的一种手段;又是阐述法律科学研究成果、进行法学学术交流的一种工具。法学学术论文,一般包括:论点、论据、论证三个要素。

法学学术论文,就其性质而言,属于论文中高级别的具有创造性的论文。它要求作者对法学学术理论界的某个问题有新的发现,提出新的学说,新的构想;或对以往的法学理论、法学观点有较多的新发展或深入开拓;或对法学中的旧学说提出不同的独立见解;或论证法学旧学说错误、疏漏之处;或提出新的法学预见、构想,启迪后人研究,等。凡法学学术论文,其要求均应如此。本文所言之法学学术论文的写作,仅指篇幅一万字左右的立论方式的法学论文(硕士论文、博士论文 等法学毕业论文除外)的写作,至于驳论方式的法学论文的写作暂不涉及。

(一)法学学术论文,一般说来应当具有如下几个特点:

1.学术性,即指论文对法学学术理论问题具有科学的论证性;

2.理论性,即指论文运用充分占有的材料,经过严密论证将法学中某个或某几个问题“升华”到理论高度,从而找出带规律性的东西的思辩性。

3.创造性,即指论文论述的法学问题“发前人所未发”,探求法学中前人没有发现的规律或匡正通说的独创性。

4.专业性,即指法学论文对法学学科中的某个或某几个专门问题进行研究,并取得一定成果,具有供法学专家、教授、学者研讨和交流的专业性。

(二)法学学术论文的主要要求是:

1.所研究和论述的法学问题,观点正确,对社会主义革命和法制建设有促进作用;

2.能推动法学领域学术理论的研究向前发展;

3.具有学术论文的诸特点;

4.全文观点与材料统一,层次分明,条理清楚;

5.论证中逻辑严密,推理正确;

6.所用的法学语言准确、概括、精炼;

7.文风庄重,就事论理,据理立说,以理创新。

(三)从总结前人的经验观之,要写出质量高的法学学术论文,论文的作者应当具备相当高的素质。择其要者是:

1.具有相当高的马列主义理论水平,并能用马列主义立场、观点和方法去研究实践中(如公安司法实践)中出现的新情况、新问题或匡正旧说。在研究中能以辩证唯物主义作指导,用发展的、辩证的、全面的观点看问题,不犯或少犯形而上学的、机械的、片面的等错误。

2.具有深厚的法学专业功底,即在法律专业领域内发现新问题,经过调查研究和证明,能独立地做出超越前人的新结论。

3.具有经过严格科学训练的科研能力和智力,即观察问题思维敏捷,概括事理水平较高,论证问题逻辑严密,创造新见能力很强。

4.具有不畏艰难,坚持真理的精神,即不惧怕研究中碰到的任何困难,即使遇到困难,也能想方设法地去克服,为取得研究某个问题的成功而奋斗不止;在法学科研和写作中,不唯上、不唯书、不唯旧说,不畏权威,只唯实,只唯新;对于符合客观事实的真理敢于坚持,对于符合事物发展规律的结论敢于作出。

由此可见,欲写出高质量的法学论文,必须加强上述素质的培养和训练。

(四)要写出好的法学学术论文,作者应当具备某些条件。它们主要是:

1.充分了解法学学术界在自己的论文题目所含内容方面已有的成就。法学学术界已研究和争论的问题很多,对自己来说,应清楚地了解到自己研究的论文在法学学术界是否有人研究过?如果有人研究过,还应了解已取得哪些成果?如果对此有争论,应了解各种观点的论点及论据是哪些?如此等等,不一而足。只有在了解上述情况的条件下才能确定自己选择研究什么新问题(即选题),才能不再研究前人已经研究过的问题,不再作重复的劳动甚至是无效的劳动。

2.充分掌握与自己论文有关的主要资料。掌握必要的资料是写好法学学术论文的基础。所谓必要的资料,是指写作论文所必不可少的资料。欲掌握这些资料,首先应收集与论文有关的所有资料,经过筛选,择取主要资料,在写作论文时对它们妥贴地加以利用。这是一项艰苦、细致的备料工作,必须做好。否则,写出的论文就缺少坚实的根基,质量自然不高。

3.有充足的写作时间。写作法学学术论文,从选题、收集资料、编写提纲到行文写作、修改定稿等,需要很多、很长的时间。关于法学学术论文的写作时间,且不说写博士、硕士论文需要一至两年,即使是写一篇一万字左右的法学学术论文,也必须花费几个月乃至一年的时间。既想写出高水平的法学学术论文,又想在十天半月之内一举成功,即使是写出来了,质量也不会高,其结果,必然是欲速则不达。这是因为,写法学学术论文是一项长期的、艰苦的科研活动,在很短的时间内是无法取得高质量的科研成果的。

4.有充沛的写作精力。写作法学学术论文,既是一项艰苦的脑力劳动,又是一种创造性的思维活动。一旦写作提纲定型,从行文开始,就必须集中一段时间,夜以继日地将论文一气呵成。如果自己没有充沛的精力,是难以完成此任的。由此可见,充沛的精力也是写出高质量法学论文的一个重要条件。

二 法学论文选题

法学论文选题,有广狭二义之分。广义上的选题,是指法学科学研究中选定的课题。所谓课题,是指需要研究或讨论的法学学科领域中比重较大的项目。狭义上的选题,是指选定法学学术论文的题目。所谓题目,是指法学论文的标题(或称“名字”)。本文所言之选题,特指后者而不是前者。

(一)法学论文选题的作用

选题在论文中占有十分重要的地位。这是因为,论文题目选得准、选得恰当,写作就能顺利进行。所谓论文题目选得好是“论文写作成功的一半”之说,就是这个道理。选题的作用主要有:

1.能确定研究方向。法学研究发展很快,门类繁多;法学中待研究的题目也不少。选定了某个题目,就确定了法学研究的方向和主攻目标。方向定得准,目标愈集中,写出来的法学学术论文成功的可能性就愈大。

2.能促进构思活动。法学学术论文写作是一种精神劳动。法学学术论文的写作是为获得法学研究成果而进行劳动的体现,也是客观事物在作者头脑中经过反复思考后反映出来的产物。它需要自己围绕学术论文的题目进行深思熟虑的和绞尽脑汁的构思和论证。选定一个好的法学论文题目,就能促进上述构思活动的深入顺利开展。

3.能指明写作思路。学术论文的题目选定之后能促使自己构思怎样开头,怎样发展,怎样深入,怎样完篇;考虑应当将哪些材料置于论文的前半部分,哪些材料置于论文的中间或后半部分;考虑怎样论证和运用哪些论据论证更有说服力,等。

(二)法学论文选题应当遵循一定的原则

其原则诸多,择其要者主要是:

1.有研究价值。它是指法学论文题目有学术价值,即有助于法律专业和法学学科的发展。

2.有重要的现实意义。它是指对依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家有指导或促进作用。法学论文题目,应当有助于立法司法和教育公民守法,对加强社会主义法制建设有推动作用。

3.有创新性。它是指该题是前人没有研究过,根据这个题目写出来的法学学术论文,能填补本专业的空白。

4.有深入研究的必要性。它是指自己选定的法学学术论文的题目虽然有人已经写过,但内容不深刻或不全面,或有疏漏甚至是谬误之处,自己选定的题目,角度比他们更新,写出来的内容有较多的创见和发展。

5.有强烈的创作欲。由于写作法学学术论文需要付出艰辛的脑力劳动,要克服重重困难,而要做到这些,就需要自己有主动的强烈创作欲望。实践表明,只有自己想写且非写出来不可的题目,经过一番努力研究之后创作出来的论文,才可能是高质量的论文。

6.符合自己擅长的法学专业。这是指选定的法学学术论文题目,是自己擅长的法学专业内的题目。法学学术论文,是法学专业性、学术性很强的文章。只有选定自己擅长的法学专业的题目,由于法学专业基础知识厚,造诣深,写作起来就会得心应手,左右逢源,论证严密,质量甚高。

7.吸收相关学科的知识,使法学专业知识与经济学、社会学、伦理学、逻辑学、生命科学、信息科学等知识相融合。只有这样,才能不断写出创新突出,紧跟时代发展潮流的学术论文。

8.本人力所能及。它是指根据自己的法学专业知识和理论水平能写出来的能力,因为具有能写出此题的能力,就会在较短或有限的时间内又快、又好地将法学学术论文写出来。如果某个选题很有学术价值,但因自己能力有限或不及,即使竭尽全力去写,其结果也写不出高质量的法学学术论文,这样就会事倍功半。

9.题目大小适中。它是指选定的法学学术论文的题目与所写出的内容要恰当。题目太大,由于篇幅或时间有限,就会草率成篇、面面俱到、蜻蜓点水,研究不会深刻;反之,题目过小,内容难以展开,说理不会透辟,因此,论文的质量也不会高。有鉴于此,必须注意所选择的题目大小应当适中。在是否选择大题目或者小题目的问题上,对于写出字数在一万至二万的学术论文而言,笔者主张小题大作。力争做到:“题目小,内容新,挖掘深,论述精。”

(三)法学论文选题应当注意的几个问题

1.选题应避免盲目性。所谓选题的盲目性,是指作者不考虑自己的主观条件和外界的客观条件,灵机一动就定下选题。其结果,要不是写不下去,就是无法展开,造成写作半途而废。

2.选题应避免随意性。所谓选题的随意性,是指作者不下苦功,轻易定题。这样做,因为没有经过深思熟虑,所选定的题目或者包括的内容太多或太少,或者写作难度太强或太易。题目包含的内容太多,写出来的论文会面面俱到没有重点;题目包含的内容太少,就深写不下去,写不出更多的深刻内容;题目太难,可能因为力不胜任写不下去;题目太易,即使写出了论文,其质量必定不合格,所述观点不会有创见。所有这些,都有碍于写出高质量的法学论文。

3.选题应当避免偶然性。所谓偶然性,是指本人阅读了他人的文章或听了别人的发言后偶有所获,但认识不深,在缺乏准备的情况下就草率地选定题目,这样做,往往因考虑欠周,资料不多,因而也不可能写出高质量的法学论文。

三 法学论文写作的准备

欲写出高质量的法学论文,应当作好多方面的准备,其中,主要是如下三个方面:

(一)制定研究计划

研究计划,是指研究的方法、步聚和时间安排等方面的筹划。制定研究计划,包括预先自我规定从哪个方面入手进行研究,先研究什么,后研究什么;从哪些方面着手收集资料;再怎样合理地安排时间,等。只有这样,研究起来就会重点明确,方法和步骤井然有序,防止研究时顾此失彼和做重复劳动等情况发生。

(二)广泛收集材料

广泛收集法学论文资料,是指广泛收集与法学学术论文题目有关的材料。充分占有丰富的材料是写出高质量论文的雄厚基础。这是因为:

1.充分占有资料,能了解到与论文有关的问题学术理论界研究到何种程度;哪些问题没有研究过;哪些问题虽已有人研究过但不深刻;哪些问题虽有旧说但需要匡正,等。这样,就能明确自己研究的重点和主攻方向。

2.充分占有了资料后,能拓宽研究问题的视野并提高认识问题的整体高度,为使自己站在前人已研究过的问题的更高层次,为写出更高水平的法学学术论文打下基础。

法学论文资料的来源,从大的方面观之,有直接地从社会调查、访问、实验中获取,也有间接地从书籍、报刊、文件、法规、电影电视、广播和其他文献中得到。收集法学论文资料的途径主要有:从校内外图书馆、资料室已有的资料中去查找;通过做实地调查、社会实践或实习等渠道获得;通过自己的平时观察和做实验获取。

收集法学论文资料的传统方法主要有:

1.自制资料卡片,上面写明资料的题目及简单内容,资料的出处、页码、年、月等;2.自己抄录;3.全部或部分复印;4.剪下自己订阅的报刊上的有关材料,等。在当今信息时代,收集资料的方法可购买有关资料的光盘,可从电脑上查阅或者下载,等等。所收集的材料内容包括:典型事例或案例、有关引文、法律条款、领袖的语录、国家领导人的讲话、历史资料、数字、至理名言或格言、对立观点的论点和论据等。

收集法学论文资料应当注意:1.要全面地收集与自己的论文有关的材料;2.对资料进行整理、分类;3.再选择出写论文所必需的典型资料,以备待用。只有这样,才不会使自己被浩瀚的资料所困扰,甚至被它们搞得头脑发懵,良莠不辨,主次不明。

(三)编制法学论文提纲

编制法学论文提纲,是指在收集到了大量材料的基础上,根据论证论文主题的需要编写和制作该论文结构的框架和体系。实际上,它相当于由序码和词语所组成的一种逻辑图表。制作论文提纲十分必要。这是因为:1.它能促使自己从宏观上对全文进行谋篇布局。由于编制提纲需要对材料进行选择;接着按论证主题的需要,对必用材料的使用按先后顺序进行安排和调整;对不必要的材料忍痛割爱,等,因此,这就促使自己对全篇作合理的布局。2.它能使论文的框架视觉化。好的论文提纲能使论文的中心论点、下属论点及论据安排得先后井然有序,层次分明,因而能使自己一看就一目了然,清清楚楚。3.能帮助自己在写作时,按已定的论文框架沿着先后顺序行文和避免重复。由于写作法学学术论文需要比较长的一段时间才能完成,有了一份详细的和纲目分明的论文提纲,能使自己按图索骥,流畅成文。

如果没有论文提纲,虽有腹稿,写作起来,由于写作时间较长,在论文写到中间或后半部时可能忘记前半部分已写的内容而又重复写上;或因时间长将应该写上的内容因遗忘而漏写,这样,就必定出现重复或漏写的情况,影响论文的质量。

编制法学论文提纲应当做好两方面的准备:1.确定基本论点,就是确定全文的表达中心。在此之后,再确定下位论点,即阐发基本论点的若干个小的论点。下位论点最好写出论点句子,使其固定下来。确定下位论点时,应根据论证基本论点(上位论点)的需要选用与上位论点逻辑关系最密切、说服力最强的论据。2.选定材料。选定材料,就是选定将要写入论文中的材料。此项工作应从收集到的大量材料中选出最能证明观点(上位论点、下位论点)的材料,并将它们作为立论的依据。这些材料,应当少而精。选择和整理材料应当分清主次。在选定材料的过程中,可采取如下几种办法:把选好的材料按问题分开;将证明每个问题的材料划分为一组;每一组的材料按使用的先后次序排列好。经过对材料作上述整理,又使其与论点连在一起,就便于下一步编制提纲。

编制提纲。要编制一份好的一万字左右的法学学术论文提纲,应当注意三个问题:

1.有合理的项目

一般在法学论文题目之下,编制出两个或三个层次的小项目。例如,写明:第一,题目(中心论点);第二,三至四个分论点(下位论点);第三,一至四个论据。第二和第三项的写法,既可用标题写法,即用简要语言,以标题的形式把该部分内容概括出来;又可用句子的写法,即用一个比较能表达完整意思的句式把该部分的内容概括出来。两者各有所长,各人可视自己的需要择一。

2.采用有效地编制论文提纲的方法

其方法主要是:

(1)拟定标题,即自己给论文起名字。它要求标题能传内容之神,名副其实,使读者看了一眼便知:论文所概括的全文主要内容。

(2)考虑构篇大小和顺序安排,既考虑全篇从哪几个方面,或按什么顺序展开、阐述基本论点(全文的逻辑结构框架);又逐个安排每个下位论点,再依次考虑每个段的安排,把准备使用的材料按构思的顺序标上序码并排列好,以备行文时使用。

(3)全面、反复地检查提纲,作必要的增、减或调整。

3.编写内容详简适当的论文提纲

提纲分简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲的内容只包括论文题目、下位论点,详细提纲除此之外还包括论证下位论点的各种证据。一般说来,宜编制详细提纲。因为编制这种提纲,一则能帮助自己全面地进行谋篇布局,二则能帮助自己在写作过程中有条不紊地进行。

四 法学论文的起草

法学论文起草,就是在已掌握的材料基础上,按照论文提纲的框架,写成一篇法学学术论文初稿。起草,就是狭义上的写作,亦即论证论题。起草在整个写作过程中占有十分重要的地位。主要表现在:1.起草,能把自己欲论证的问题,写成一篇法学学术论文草稿,并使其初步固定下来。2.起草如同“一朝分娩”,能使科研工作草创初成。这比在收集资料、编制提纲那个“十月怀胎”阶段的工作又前进了关键性的一步。

(一)起草必须对论题进行充分、有力地论证

所谓论证,就是对论文的中心论点进行说理的证明。古人云:“君子学以聚之,问以辨之。”做学问和写论文就是要“聚”、要“辨”。“聚”,就是收集资料;“辨”,就是分析、研究、起草的过程,就是提出论点、论据和运用论据进行论证的过程。提出的论点,应当符合正确、严密、鲜明、集中和深刻的要求。提出的论据,应当符合真实、典型、恰当、新鲜的要求。进行论证应当符合讲透道理和使“据”与“证”有机结合起来的要求。

(二)在进行论证过程中,可采用事实论证、事理论证、比较论证和因果论证等形式

1.事实论证。所谓事实论证,就是运用客观事实资料作为论据而展开的论证。它是常用的、简便而又准确的论证方法之一。事实论证过程中,可采用夹叙夹议、纵横并举、点面结合、连续排比、优劣对比、有总有分等方法进行。事实论证的一般要求是:既可以用重大的客观事实、历史上的重大事件、典型案例等,也可以用平凡的客观事实(如一般事例、案例、数据等);应尽可能选择运用人们知晓的客观事实;事实材料应力求新颖,富有说服力。

2.事理论证。所谓事理论证,是指运用经典著作中的基本原理、生活中的道理、哲理或名言等作为论据展开的论证。事理论证可用一般的事理论证(讲清道理)和引证(引证经典著作中的论述、格言、成语、警句等)两种方法。采用事理论证应当注意做到:思想敏捷,说理透辟;引证的内容准确、典型、恰当和自然,能点石成金。

3.比较论证。所谓比较论证,是将甲事物与乙事物进行比较的一种论证方法。比较论证常用的有类比论证、对比论证和差比论证三种类型。(1)类比论证,是指把本质上有相同或相似点的同类事物进行比较,通过已知的甲事物的某种属性推导出乙事物亦具有这种属性的论证方法。采用类比论证的要求是:用以类比的事物必须同属一类事物;同类事物相比,必须有本质意义上的相同点或相似点。(2)对比论证,是通过对两种对立的事物的对照分析来进行说理的方法。它是人们经常采用的说理的方法之一。对比论证可采用横比和纵比两种。“横比”,就是横向比较,即将相互对立的这种事物与另一种事物或一事物的这一方面与另一方面进行对照比较,以达到分辨是非、褒贬好坏、扬善抑恶的目的。“纵比”,即纵向比较,是通过对某一事物在不同历史发展阶段的情形的对比分析,以揭示事物现实与历史的矛盾的论证方法。横比和纵比可以单独使用,也可以结合使用。对比的着眼点,可以是一个,也可以是多个。在论证社会主义的法律或某种法律的优越性时,可以采用对比论证中的纵比方法。(3)差比论证,是通过具有差异的两种或两种以上事物进行比较分析,以论证论题的方法。采用差比论证时应当注意:既看到它们的相同点,又看到它们之间的不同点;在差异比较分析中,着重点放在不同点上;为充分揭示出差异点,应当善于从不同方面去发现差异点。在比较中国法律与外国法律、民法与刑法的差异时,可采用这种论证方法。

4.因果论证。所谓因果论证,是指运用对客观事物本身或客观事物之间因果关系,分析、研究所得到的材料,对论文所确立的论点进行的论证。因果论证可采取并列、层递、转换、推论等方法。(1)并列法,是指运用两个以上各自独立的同类性质的因果分析来证明论点的方法。(2)层递法,是指通过逐层、连续地阐明事物的多方面的因果关系来证明论点的方法。采用此法,通过逐层地阐明因果关系,使人们认识由表及里、由浅入深地看到事物的本质。(3)转换法,是指通过阐明事物之间互为因果的关系来证明论点的方法。采用这种论证方法,必须首先弄清从一个角度看,此一事物是因,彼一事物是果;从另一个角度看,彼一事物是因,此一事物是果的这种因也是果,果又是因的复杂关系。(4)推论法,是指凭据因果关系用已知推论出未知来证明论点的方法。采用这种方法应当注意:已知事实与未知事实已有因果关系;推论必须符合形式逻辑和辩证逻辑的要求。

除了运用上述方法以外,还可以采用逻辑上的演绎法和归纳法。所谓演绎,就是从一般到特殊;所谓归纳,就是从特殊到一般。它们亦是写作法学学术论文中运用证据证明论点的常用方法。

(三)法学论文写作应注意正确地使用法言法语

法学论文的法言法语,要求具有准确性、抽象性、逻辑性和论辩性。准确性应体现出用词贴切和造句恰当;抽象性应体现在概括、简洁和精要、深刻;逻辑性应体现出合乎逻辑合乎事理,严密有序;论辩性应体现在从正面论述和从反面辩驳两个方面。法学学术论文的法言法语,应用法律专业用语。例如,法的本质、国体、政体、犯罪、犯罪构成、罪责自负、证据确凿、定罪量刑、罪刑相应、畸轻畸重、法人、有独立请求的第三人、自然人、行为能力、责任能力、连带责任、事实婚姻、法定年龄、责任能力,等等。

(四)法学论文起草过程可以采用的两种写作方法

1.一气呵成法。所谓一气呵成法,就是根据已有的材料,按照提纲的先后次序,一鼓作气地、从头至尾把全文写出来。这时,不管在写作过程中发现什么问题,诸如观点不深刻,材料不充实,结构不严谨,以至某些文字不通顺等,一般不作修改,将它们留在全篇初稿完成之后再考虑。采用此法,能使自己思路不中断,集中一切精力和时间将论文的轮廓描绘出来,保证写作的进程。如果在写作过程中为修改或增加观点,考虑如何遣词和造词等停顿下来,就会中断思路,分散精力,妨碍一气呵成。正因为如此,此法是一种最普遍的起草方法,为大多数人所采用。

2.分块合成法。所谓分块合成法,是指作者按照先易后难的顺序先写提纲中自己已考虑得比较成熟的部分,然后写完其余部分,再排列组合成一篇完整论文的方法。采用此法,自己不受提纲中部分与部分之间先后次序的限制,对某一部分认识成熟就写那一部分,然后,再“养精蓄锐”,集中精力“击破”其他相对难度较大、初时考虑还未成熟的部分。上述两种起草方法各有优劣,至于自己采用哪一种,应根据本人的情况决定。

(五)法学论文写作时需正确运用引文和加注

一般而言,法学论文中都会或多或少地有引文和加注。对这两个问题,必须知晓。

1.关于引文问题。所谓引文,是指在法学论文写作过程中,由于论证上的需要,引用经典著作或文献中的内容、法律条款或其他内容的原文。引文的作用主要在于增强自己对论题的论证力。引文时应当注意两点:引文在论文中应尽量少而精,切不可求多;引用经典著作、文献资料,不可断章取义,各取所需,而应当按原著的本意引用。引文有两种:第一种是直引,即直接引用经典著作、文献或法律条款中的字、句、段、条、款等,作为论证之根据。直引时应当注意:原则上,直引的内容须与原文相符,不能有任何差异;没有正式公布的文献资料、法律条款、内部文件等内容,一般不得引用。第二种是意引,即对经典文献、法律条款等原文经过作者加工、改写或概括之后引用其主要意思。意引时应当注意:意引写出的内容相对原文应当浓缩;意引的意思必须符合原文的意思,不得篡改或歪曲。法学论文引文的方式,常用段中引文而很少用提行引文。段中引文,是指将引文加写在论文之中。如果是直引,应在引文的首尾字之上加引号;如果是意引,可只在引文前加冒号,也有的不加冒号而加逗号。无论直引或意引,均需注明引文的出处。

在引文问题上,当前有一种很不好的倾向,即有的作者,既不考虑被引之文是不是精典之述,也不管是否与引文能质证相符,而大段大段地引用外国不知名的律师、法官等人的话语,以充自己论文的字数,简直是良莠不分,兼收并蓄。这不仅削弱了论文的论证性,而且使人感到有拼凑文章和外文资料汇编之感。其效果是十分不好的。对此,应当以此为戒。

2.关于加注问题。所谓加注,就是注明出处。其作用在于使编辑和读者知道引文出自何处。加注有四种方法:段中注,即夹注,将引文用括号标明;脚注,即在有引文的页脚注明出处;章、节注,即注在一章一节之后;尾注,即把注附在全文末尾。

五 法学论文的修改定稿

(一)法学论文的修改

修改就是改正论文草稿中的缺点或错误。修改是一项艰苦的劳动,古人云:“改章难于造篇”,其理就在于此。正因为如此,法学论文的作者应当把修改当作一项再创造。要有责任心和耐心,决不可有凑合和厌烦情绪。只有有了这种认识,才会有对论文草稿进行反复修改的决心和恒心,才能把论文修改好。

修改有重要意义:1.能更加深刻地反映自己对客观事物的认识,经过修改,能促使自己一次或多次地讨论文中的某个或某几个问题,进行思索,使认识进一步深化。2.能更准确地表达自己对事物的认识。因为,在修改过程中,自己对草稿中的某些字、句、段进行推敲和修改,使论文表达的意思更准确,亦即更准确地表达了自己对客观事物的认识。

修改包括两个内容:1.从内容方面应当考虑修改的是:写作的目的是否表达清楚;基本论点是否明确;下位论点与中心论点是否“合拍”;论据是否充分、有力。2.从形式方面应当考虑:题目是否简明、贴切;论证是否深刻;详略是否得当;结构是否严谨;文字表达是否准确;文面是否合格。

修改的具体方法是:增、减、删、换、移。为了提高修改质量,还应当采用如下方法进行再修改:搁置一段时间再修改;深入调查研究之后再修改;查阅有关资料后再修改;听取同行意见后再修改。

(二)法学论文的定稿

就是把已修改过的稿件,眷清定型。眷清应用稿纸,一般以用20×20,每页400个格的稿纸为宜。眷写时,应用蓝色或蓝黑墨水眷写。眷文务必做到字迹工整。眷清时应当随手标上页码,以免串页。眷清之后,再将全文检查两至三遍,对不当之处还可以更正,直到自己认为没有任何错、漏和自己感到满意为止。目前,已广泛用电脑打印。印成后,也应当反复校对。成文后,最好留有软盘。只有使论文达到这个程度,一篇高质量的法学学术论文才算最后完稿。(摘自 《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001年6月，原文：“法学术论文写作之我见” 作者 周国均 《中国法学》杂志总编辑)

一、文章形式的革命夹叙夹议

尽快脱离初中只重记叙，笼统归结的写法。高中的作文记叙只向最高水平开一条缝，你得复杂记叙，融情思与哲理于一炉，有最动人的细节和最精美的表达，巧妙蕴含深刻的思辨和无穷的回味，这不是一般人能做到的，更不是学不会议论抒情的同学的避难所。所以，比自己多练议论，远比固守初中记叙的窠臼要有前途。高中的记叙必须简约，只提炼能说明自己观点的内核，而尽量舍弃叙述的完整过程与细节。叙，惜墨如金；而起始学写议，应力求具体多点分析阐述。

二、文章立意的升华深入浅出

叙完笼统归结是初中模式作文的又一通病，常常文章的结尾具有宽泛的普适性，而缺乏对文章应有之义作具体针对性的挖掘阐发，常常文章的穿鞋戴帽大到可以套在无数篇文章上，却没什么真正的思考。高中作文倘使还用夹叙夹议，也要对叙的材料反复推敲，找出几例可以统一在一个观点里的材料，就材料的不同侧面来评析议论，最后上升归结出恰当切题、言之有物的中心。

三、文章表达的提高点睛生花

好的文笔追求更高效率、更多意蕴。描述中就渗透情思与评析，这是较高水平的表达。一般的叙议分段，也应注意所叙材料紧贴自己的议论，议论应采取逐层推进，前后分界，避免相互缠绕。但又必须前后连贯，形成一个整体。在文章中一定写好精心组织的关键议论，努力使文章多处呈现运用一定修辞的文采。

[高中话题作文写作基础介绍

一、注意审题

小作文的审题(即审读材料)很重要，决定着文章的成败。因为一个小作文的材料中，往往隐含了若干个写作要求，如不细心审读，抓不到这些隐含的要求，就很容易出现错误。例如：

一个孩子乘母亲不在，将家里的小闹钟拆了，母亲见后……

要求;根据上面的材料，展开想象，如果你是母亲，如何处置这个事情。请写出一个200字左右的处置过程。

这个小作文便隐含四个要求：(1)〝母亲见后〞，时间上必须要从母亲看见闹钟被拆之后写起;(2)〝如果你是母亲〞，行文中写作者必须是小孩的 母亲，必须以小孩子母亲的身份出现，不能这样写：〝如果我是这位母亲，我会这样处置……〞;(3)〝200字左右〞，字数限定在200字左右;(4)〝处 置过程〞，内容只能写处置的过程，而不能写结果和其他。

二、注意语言的简洁

这一点体现在两方面。其一，小作文字数一般是100┄300字，受篇幅限制，语言要求简洁明了。其二，如果是写应用文，则语言也一定要简洁，因为语言简洁是应用文写作的最基本要求。

三、力求结构完整

小作文是片断性作文，而非篇章。虽如此，但不能一味忽略结构的完整性。一篇小作文如果能够做到结构完整，则效果会更好。例如：

在你的身边有许多可亲可爱的事物，请你任选其中一种，以《我眼里的___________》为题写一篇200字左右的短文。

有位学生在叙写完一只小猫的伶俐乖巧后，篇末一句〝我非常喜爱我家的小猫〞独句成段，这样，既抒发了情感，又收束了全文，使短文结构完整，比那些一味描写小猫的文章要好得多了。

要做到结构完整，可运用以下的结构方式：前后照应式、篇末点题式、总分总式(包括总分式和分总式)等。

四、注意表达方式的运用

受文体的制约，一篇文章总以某种表达方式为主，同时兼用其他表达方式为主。小作文也应注意这一点。如江西省2002年中考语文小作文题为二选 一，(1)通过某一情景或场面，描写你最喜欢的色彩。(2)就你最喜欢的色彩，发表议论。无论选哪一题，或描写、或议论，总得以一种表达方式为主。但如果 能兼用其他表达方式，如兼用议论和抒情，表达自己对某种色彩的某中看法和喜爱之情，则能使短文大为增色。

1、Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

2、Take care of the pence/pennies，and the pounds will take care of themselves.

积少成多。/小事谨慎，大事自成。

3、Swift to hear,slow to speak.

多听少讲。

4、Procrastination is the thief of time.

拖延就是偷走时间。

5、Tomorrow is another day.

明天又是新的一天。/明天还有指望。

6、Exploit to the full one’S favorable conditions and avoid unfavorableones.

扬长避短。

7、Promise little，but do much.

少许愿，多做事。

8、cripples learns to limp.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

9、Bend the willow while it is still youn.

修树要趁早，育人要趁小。

10、Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

11、Passion，though a bad regulator,is a powerful sprin.

激情虽难驾驭，却是强大动力。

12、Learn from other’S strong points to offset one’S weaknesses.

取长补短。

13、He than run fast gets the rin.

捷足先登。

14、We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.

井干方知水宝贵。

15、Our greatest glory consists not in never failin9，but in rising every time we fall.

人生最大的光荣，不在于永不失败，而在失败还能站起。

16、Ideals are like stars-we never reach them，but like marlners，we chart our courses by them.

人之需要理想，如水手之需星辰；星辰虽不可及，但可指引我们航程。

17、Youth’s stuff will not endure.

青春易逝。

18、A pet lamb makes a cross ralTl.

宠坏的羊羔会变成恶羊。

19、Prepare for the worst and hope for the best.

做最坏的准备，怀最好的希望。

20、Do not throw the baby with the bath water.

别把小孩和洗澡水一起泼掉。

21、Wisdom is only found in truth.

惟有在真理中才能找到智慧。

22、A stitch in time saves nine.

小洞不补，大洞吃苦。

23、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evenin9./The morning hour has gold in its mouth.

一天之计在于晨。

24、Where there is a will，there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

25、Broaden one’S scope ofknowledge and widen one’S horizon.

拓宽知识，开拓视野。

26、He that can have patience can have what he will.

惟坚韧者始能遂其志。

27、Thought is the seed of action.

思想是行动的种子。

28、As you give，as you receive./As you sow，you shall mow.

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

29、Every man is the master ofhis own fogune.

每人都是自己命运的主人。

30、Good health is the best treasure a person can procure.

健康是一个人最宝贵的财富。

31、Disappointment is the nurse of wisdom.

失败是成功之母。

32、The first step to knowledge is to know that we are ignorant.

走向知识的第一步是知道自己无知。

33、Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits.

孩子不见世面，知识少的可怜。

34、People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.

自己有缺点，勿揭他人短。

35、Give me where to stand，and l will move the world.

给我一个支点,我可以跷起整个地球。

示例：

Dear______,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for ________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in _________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been_________(没有对方帮助时的后果).

Every one agrees that it was you who__________(给出细节).

Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

my secret worry

while fear of death is universal, my worry about death is so overwhelming that there is not a moment passing without my thinking of it. i never bring this up with any other, just because no one will ever realize the seriousness of this problem. i know it very clearly that as long as there is life, there will be death. in addition, though i am still so far away from death, i have been plagued by the thought of it for years. fortunately, the root of my fear of death lies in my overzealous love for life. i am too timid to think of the end of life, when every worldly affair should be thrown away. how can i carry on without friendship, affection, and joy of being alive? i really hate to leave all these behind. to ease my worry about death, i should make the fullest use of this life i now possess. concentration on this life can at least temporally make me forget about death. as a matter of fact, i really don＇t need to worry so much about death, for i already have too much to worry about this life.

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考可根据自己的情况选择其中的个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。

1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this

2）The reasons for this are as follows

3）The reason for this is obvious

4）The reason for this is not far to seek

5）The reason for this is that

6）We have good reason to believe that

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life

．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

注：

如考生写第一个句子没有把握，

可将其改写成两个句子。

如：

Great changes have taken place in our life．

There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

2．表示好处

1）It has the following advantages

2）It does us a lot of good

3）It benefits us quite a lot

4）It is beneficial to us

5）It is of great benefit to us

例如：

Books are like friends．

They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds

and widen our horizons．Therefore reading extensively is of great benefit to us

3．表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages

2）It does us much harm

3）It is harmful to us

例如：

However，everything divides into two．

Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient, possible）for sb．to do sth．

2）We think it necessary to do sth．

3）It plays an important role in our life．

例如：

Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．

Soon, computers will be found in every home，too．

We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施

1)We should take some effective measures．

2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．

3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例如：

The housing problem that we are confronted with Is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6 ．表示变化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例如：

Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to

meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．

7．表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．

2）No one can deny the fact that．．．

3）There is no denying the fact that．．．

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．

5）However，that’s not the case．

例如：

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，

we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．

The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．

8．表示比较

1）Compared with A，B．．．

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．

3）There is a striking contrast between them．

例如：

Compared with cars ,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．

9．表示数量

1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．

2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．

3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January．

例如：

With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s in some spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．

再如：From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．

10．表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth．

2）People have different opinions on this problem．

3）People take different views of（on）the question．

4）Some people believe that．．．

Others argue that．．．

例如：

People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．

Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However ,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．

再如：

Do“lucky numbers really bring good luck？

Different people have different views on it（注：

一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。）

11．表示结论

1）In short，it can be said that ．．．

2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．

3）From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that ．．

例如：

From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved．

12．套语

1）It’s well known to us that ．．．

2）As is known to us．．．

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．

4）From the graph

（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．

5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．

例如：

As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．

The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly，and

the campus is no longer an“ivory tower.As college students，

we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．

Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after

we graduate.

Perfect Dream Harry Potter

Do you know Harry Potter? If you dont, then you are out of date. Many people love Harry Potter, whether children or adults. I love Harry Potter, too. Last week, I went to Nantong to see the movie "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire".

It was a wonderful movie. In the movie, Harry is the same age as us and he is more handsome than me. Harrys best friends are Hermione and Ron. The movie tells the story of Harrys Fourth Year at Hogwarts. The Goblet of Five selects him to compete as one of four champions in the Throwizard Tournament, despite the fact that he didnt submit his name. The Tournament is very dangerous so his friends are all worried about him. Hermione and Ron try their best to help Harry to prepare for each task. I think their friendship is unbreakable. Cho Chang, who Harry likes, is a Chinese pretty girl. I liked her but I liked Hermione better because she is very clever.

Its very magical! I love magic as much as Harry does. If I lived in a magic world, I could pick up gigantic things easily, I could go to wherever I liked and I could fly on a broom, I could change my hairstyle of any time, I could.

Its a perfect world and its a perfect dream.

[哈利波特完美的梦想高中英语作文

Zeng Qiao is one of my friends. She is a beautiful, outgoing and good-tempered girl. She smiles frequently. I think it’s her smile that makes her beauty. We live in the same dormitory, so that we always stay together, no matter going to classroom or having dinners. At first, I don’t like her very much, because she is always talking. It seems that she can’t stop open her mouth. I am a little bit quiet and introverted, so I seldom talk to others. But gradually, I find that she can have influence on others by what she says. Zeng Qiao likes sharing interesting things with others. For example, she likes telling us her funny stories of her childhood or her former classmates. She always tells me that I should be more extroverted and learn to talk to others. Under the influence of her, I communicate with others more frequently and I find that it feels so great. I am so grateful that I can have such a good friend.

Recently, we often show that shopping online is better than in store, but

is this really the case? Actually, there is no consensus of opinions among

people as to the view of shopping online is better than traditional shopping.

Some people consider that online shopping will replace the mall shopping, stores

will disappear in the future, while others argue that stores would unlikely to

be disappeared, it has its own advantages.

Most people shopping online because it is very convenient, there is no need

to go out, just click the mouse gently, they can buy the goods they want. In

addition, goods online are cheaper than entity shop that buyers can save a lot

of money. But even the coin has two sides. Online shopping also has advantages

and disadvantages. In recent years, we see a lot of news about online cheating,

and many buyers complain about poor quality of the goods, which is different

with the description.

However, the situation above is rare in traditional shopping store, because

the guest can communicate with the seller face to face. Buyers can also see

goods intuitively. But the traditional shopping does not convenience as well as

online shopping, for example, if people meet a traffic jam on the way to the

shopping which will affect the happy mood of shopping.

俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功，必须从平时的课堂学习一点一滴抓起，持之以恒。

一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体，任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而，很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数、第三人称单数不加s，前后不一致，以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。

1. 审题不清

如2004年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动，有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”，偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。

2.拼写错误

拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。

3.名词单复数问题

误 my father and my mother is all teacher。

正 my father and my mother are both teachers。

[中考英语作文写作常见的三个错误

everything lives with opposite forces。 the same can be said about modern technology， such asInternet。

at first glance internet offers us excitement and a worl of promise。 frankly speaking， people who have some ideas of it can not deny the merits born with the system。 for instance，it can improve proficiency in scientific research， for by means of it scientists and researchers can get a global look at the latest development in the field concerned and accordingly they need spend no time doing what has already been done。 in view of personal communication， the most convenient means could be peculiar to internet， too。

while people speak highly of internet， its drawbacks shouldnt be neglected。 sometimes， alittle fatal breakdown of the system， or a disastrous error could bring us an enormous amount of damage and loss。 meanwhile， with lnternets replacement of hooks or the written work as the main source of information， humans writing abilities are weakened and relations between people are desalinated。

however， every country on this planet should work hard to develop the system to serve us more efficiently and comfortably， because in the net all countries are interrelated。

[关于网络(Internet)高中英语作文

Which is better, shopping online or traditional shopping? Different people have different attitudes towards it. Some people think that online shopping is very convenient, for it can save them a lot of time and energy. It’s especially helpful for those who are always busy with their work. Besides, through the internet, they can get more information about the commodities they want to buy and buy a lot of things that cannot be bought in local places.

网上购物还是传统购物，那种方式更好呢？每个人对这事的看法都不一样。有些人认为网购十分方便，因为这种方式可以节省许多的时间和精力。特别是对那些工作十分繁忙的人来说，网购帮了大忙。此外，通过网络他们可以知道关于他们想购买的产品的信息，还能卖到当地没有卖的商品。

Nevertheless, I’m not keen on online shopping at all, since most commodities which are bought online are of poor quality. Once we are cheated, we may find it difficult to make a complaint. Thus we should take more cautions when shopping online.

尽管如此，我还是不太热衷于网购，因为大多数我们网购而来的产品的质量劣质。一旦我们上当受骗，我们会发现我们无处投诉。因此我们网购时要非常的谨慎。

In my eyes, I prefer traditional shopping, because I can choose what I really need. Also, I can know the quality of every commodity more clearly. Even if there’s something wrong with the commodities, I can still ask the sellers to compensate for my loss.

在我看来，我更喜欢普通的购物方式，因为我只需要选购我所需要的，而且我还能很清楚的知道商品的质量如何。假如我买的东西出现问题，我还能让卖家赔偿我的损失。

[高中英语作文：网上购物还是传统购物？

导语：《简·爱》是十九世纪英国著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，人们普遍认为《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平写照”，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.

It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.

Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.

I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)

What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.

Life is ceaselessly changing, but our living principles remain. Firmly persisting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage, which is like the beacon over the capriccioso sea of life. In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the dramatis personae.

In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both physical and mental effects on us call for a balance. We are likely to find ourselves bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload and living unconsciousness. It’s our spirit that makes the life meaningful.

Heart is the engine of body, brain is the resource of thought, and great films are the mirrors of life. Indubitably, “Jane Eyer” is one of them.

Every child needs to receive education and they spend so much time to learn

knowledge, whether they are like or not. The adults always tell their children

that as they are young and full of energy, so they should learn knowledge and

skills, but most kids dont know the necessity of study. The most important

reason to study is to keep pace with the time. We live in the society that we

need to make connections with others. If we dont get the newest information, we

will be kicked out and have no idea what they are talking about, then isolation

happens. Whats more, when we are equipped with skills, we can make our choices

and take charge of our life. In order to live the comfortable life, we must

study hard and fight for our future.