英语说明文阅读方法（经典20篇）

在这个夏天，一切都是那么美好!树，是流动的绿色，阳光在午后变得透明，蜿蜒的洒向所以它可以到达的地方。空气里蔓延着平缓、舒畅的气息。

这本该是令人赏心悦目的夏天，而我却无心欣赏——我练琴，却卡在了瓶颈，因此，再好看的夏天也无心观赏。

我以往练琴，总是死磕——不计次数的去练习。单凭这一种方法，不管多难的曲子，最终总能被我流畅地弹下，可是，眼下这首曲子，却让我感受到了挫败。无论是如何多的尝试，最终都是以失败告终。一到第四小节，手便会茫然无措。“老师，我弹琴遇到困难了，该怎么办?”我发微信求助道，不一会儿，老师告诉我，不妨先用眼睛仔细观察乐谱，同时脑子要想清楚，捋清楚思路，想明白手改怎么运动，再弹，说不定就可以成功。

对于这个新方法，我心中暗暗道疑惑，弹琴不是只是手的事情吗?就算捋顺了思路，也不见得有用吧?但我终究是放下了吉他，仔细看着乐谱，用手比划着，开始细细思索起来。我这才发现，弹琴也是需要思路的!我继续思考着，慢慢不再燥热了，心，原本好似烧开了的开水——咕噜噜地冒泡，现在却逐渐平息了、平稳了，脑子的思绪也在这夏日中逐渐地凝聚成了一条丝线。顺着这条丝线，我逐渐想明白了手应该如何变化、弹奏。可谓是茅塞顿开、豁然开朗。

于是，我胸有成竹地抱起了吉他，脑子又一次回想思路，顺着思路，我再一次尝试，这一次，再到第四小节时，我居然真的不像先前那般手足无措了，这弹琴的思路好似一根根丝线，牵引着我的手，一曲终了，我方才意识到我终于迈过了这个难关。

我不由得惊讶，没想到，这新的方法还真的奏效了，而且显然，换了方法之后，我练琴的效率有了提高，此后，我也得以更快的进步。再后来，我想，其实生活中各种琐碎的、令人心烦意乱的事情不正好比弹琴遇难吗?与其厚着脸皮去硬抗困难，到头来手足无措，做事情也未必成功。倒不如用脑子先思考对策，捋清楚思路，之后再采取行动。以这种方式，一切都变得有条不紊。等到成功的那一刻，不由得感慨，换个方法，还真行!

Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others,

however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I

think A has more advantages.

There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another

reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)

But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what

has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论)

【提要】英语四六级四级信息 : 20176月英语四级写作高分黄金句式【1】

▌列举法

列举法是四级写作中常用的方法，一般用first, second等一系列标志词引出原因或者可能的影响等。列举法常用的素材有：

引出列举

1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也许有一些因素造成/可以解释______。

2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______.引起______显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。

3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。

4. Why ______ ?为什么______?

5. The causes of ______ are varied. They include______ , perhaps the main cause is ______. 造成______的原因有很多，包括______,主要原因可能是______。

6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 这一问题的原因不难发现。

7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors. 要找出这一现象的原因并非易事，因为它涉及若干复杂的因素。

8. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. ______的原因有很多，这里我只想探讨其中几个最重要的原因。

9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones. 导致这种现象的原因有很多，以下是其中比较有代表性的。

10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones. 有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而言，我认为以下原因比较典型。

11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ______. 引起______变化的因素有很多。

分条列举

1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______ .首先，______。其次，______。

2. First,______ . Second, ______ . 首先，______。其次，______。

3. To begin with, ______. Secondly, ______. Last but not least, ______.首先，______。其次，______。最后但并不是最不重要的，______。

4. The first reason is that ______. The second one is ______. The third is ______. 第一个原因是______。第二个原因是______。第三个原因是______。

5. First of all, ______. Secondly,______ . Furthermore,______ .首先，______。其次，______。另外，______。

6. For one thing, ______. For another, ______.一方面,______。另一方面，______。

7. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly, ______.首先，______。其次，______。再次，______。

8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______.我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为______。

▌对比法

对比法是指通过对比两种截然不同的观点来陈述其中的利弊，从而得出自己的结论。对比法常用的素材有：

1. The advantages gained in ______ outweigh/are much g

In recent years, the forests have been getting smaller and smaller for more

and more people cut down trees for money. As trees grow naturally, people dont

need to invest anything on them. But cutting down trees has destroyed our

nature. We have already seen the bad consequence. For example, we always suffer

from the flood and drought disaster; many animals are facing the danger of dying

out, because their habitats have been destroyed; deserts are expanding, and

sandstorms are emerging. Our environment has been changed from bad to worse due

to the reduction of forests. Thus, the government should appeal people that

cutting down trees breaks the balance of our nature. Those who continue to cut

down trees should be punished severely.

When autumn comes, I feel so excited, because the sports meeting comes. I

like sports so much. When I was very small, my father took me to watch the

basketball match, in the long time, sports have become part of my life. When I

started to come to school, I join the basketball team, I had the great time to

practice with my friends. Though high school life is very busy and I have to

learn so many subjects, I still keep taking exercise everyday. Sports meeting

time is my favorite time in the semester. I can take part in many activities,

such as basketball and high jump. I am full of energy, I just want to enjoy the

moment of taking exercise. Sports meeting indeed brings students many energy and

make the students become active. They can also exercise their bodies.

英语说明文的写作技巧说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等;也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。

说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等;说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：

1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。

Every child needs to receive education and they spend so much time to learn

knowledge, whether they are like or not. The adults always tell their children

that as they are young and full of energy, so they should learn knowledge and

skills, but most kids dont know the necessity of study. The most important

reason to study is to keep pace with the time. We live in the society that we

need to make connections with others. If we dont get the newest information, we

will be kicked out and have no idea what they are talking about, then isolation

happens. Whats more, when we are equipped with skills, we can make our choices

and take charge of our life. In order to live the comfortable life, we must

study hard and fight for our future.

The Ten-minute Break Between Classes Time seems to be so limited for us Senior Three students. As a result, more and more students try to study from early morning till late afternoon, even during the ten-minute breaks. In my view, taking a ten minute break between classes is equally important. Otherwise, we will feel exhausted both physically and mentally,During the ten minute break, we are supposed to do something really relaxing, we need is to have a rest, instead of getting more tired. Besides, studying during the break doesn ’ t necessarily mean that you will achieve more. So doing nothing tiring in that short period is of greater significance. As far as my ten-minute breaks are concerned, sometimes I take some simple exercise, such as having a walk with my classmates, or just a free chat to refresh myself. When the next class begins, I feel energetic again.

I have a big family, there are seven people in my family, my mon, dad, two grandpas, two grandmas and me. My dad is soldier, he works in police station. My mom works in the bank, she is an accountant. They both are very busy in working, I can only play with them in the weekend. My grandpas and grandmas dont work for company, but they are volunteers and often take me to do the voluntary labor.

I am in Grade three in Yuanling elementary school, my mom always tells me I am a good girl and should study hard and get along well with all my classmates.

In the weekend or holiday, my family often go out for travelling or other things, I feel very happy with all the members and love them very much.

With the coming of national day, I have a one week holiday.

I really expect to it, because it want to have a short trip during these days. I will travel to Jiuzhai Valley with my parents for three days.

I have heard that the scenery of Jiuzhai Valley is very beautiful in autumn that it’s the best time to travel there.

Autumn is my most favorite season so I want to enjoy the beauty of such a wonderful place. I do some preparations for this trip.

For example, I search the Internet to see the travel raiders and I have known where the most attracting place is and where to live in. I am sure it will be a wonderful journey.

There are only several days for the coming trip, but I have been too excited to wait.

May 12th, 2008. That’s the most mournful day for our Chinese that will

never be forgotten, because a horrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan, which

caused tens of thousands of children’s death.

On hearing the news, I felt so sorrowful. “Why was the god so cruel to

them?” I asked. They were still at the entrance of the life. They seemed like

little eagles that were willing to open their wings and hover in the sky. Maybe

they would have their brilliant future. What a great loss to our nation! I had

my deepest sympathy on the people in the disastrous area. So I donated some

money and clothes to them. And I also prayed for the dead people sincerely. I

eagerly hope that there would be no earthquakes in the future, so that we could

live a more peaceful life.

我们在过年，他们却在过关，在这病毒肆虐的惴惴不安里，他们一路上披荆斩棘，无所畏惧。

We are in the new year, but they are passing the customs. In the fear of

the virus, they are fearless all the way.

在新型冠状病毒面前，是他们冲到了一线，是他们，不畏艰难。他们，就是来自各个省市的白衣天使，是抗病毒路上的逆行者。

In front of the novel coronavirus, they rushed to the front line, and they

were not afraid of difficulties. They are the angels in white from all provinces

and cities, and they are the reversers on the road of anti-virus.

八十三岁的钟南山爷爷，本来可以避开病毒的危险，安度晚年，但是他在人民最需要他的时候，站了出来，就跟十七年前，SARS病毒爆发的时候一样。十七年前，他曾坚定的说：“把病人都送到我这里来!”这斩钉截铁的话语，带给全世界无比的震撼。十七年来，这颗为人民服务的心，始终未改，为人民的安全逆行的志，始终不变。

Grandfather Zhong Nanshan, 83, could have avoided the danger of the virus

and lived in his old age, but he stood up when the people needed him most, just

like when the SARS virus broke out 17 years ago. Seventeen years ago, he said

firmly, "send all the patients to me!" the firm words shocked the whole world.

Over the past 17 years, this heart of serving the people has never changed, and

its retrograde aspiration to serve the peoples security has never changed.

还有许多医生与护士，在大年三十，当我们吃着团圆饭，阖家欢乐的时候，他们却义无反顾地离开家人，踏上去武汉的战场。这些逆行者在医院战地中，为人民安全而战。

There are many doctors and nurses. On the new years Eve, when we have

family reunion dinner and the whole family is happy, they leave their families

and set foot on the battlefield in Wuhan. These rebels fight for peoples safety

in the hospital field.

致敬逆行者，敬畏自然，守护生命。是他们用执着和坚守诠释着“爱的奉献”，诠释着“大医精诚”。我们由衷的向他们致敬。让我们众志成城一起战胜这场没有硝烟的战争，期待着他们早日归来阖家团圆，一起走上街头，繁花与共!

Pay homage to the rebellious, revere nature and guard life. They interpret

"dedication of love" and "sincerity of great doctors" with persistence and

perseverance. We sincerely salute them. Lets fight this war without gunpowder

together, and look forward to their early return and family reunion. Lets go to

the streets together and share the flowers!

Halloween

Halloween always falls on 31 October. It’s a holiday for children. On that day, children always wear fancy clothes and masks. And then, they go from house to house to say “Trick or Treat”, so that people will treat them with candies. If they don’t receive any candies, they’ll play a trick on people. But sometimes if the people are going out, when the children come, they’ll put the candies in a carved pumpkin lanterns. Children will take the candies themselves. All of the children enjoy this holiday very much.

万圣节总是在10月31日。这是一个属于孩子们的节日。在那天，孩子们总是穿奇装异服而且带上面具。然后，他们会挨家挨户地说“不招待就使坏”，所以人们都会用糖果招待他们。如果他们不接受糖果，他们就会对人们恶作剧。但有时，如果人们外出了，而孩子们来了，他们会把糖果放在雕刻好的南瓜灯笼里。孩子们会自己拿糖果。所有的孩子都很享受这个节日。

Honesty is pay attention to all aspects of, business, work, life,

friends... All want to pay attention to integrity, people need good faith

relationship; Business integrity is needed to maintain their livelihood, to

maintain the cooperation with other companies. Honesty can make others to

oneself, also can let the oneself career and life. Honesty is small enough to

make his own body and mind, big enough to make myself famous. Honesty can help

her in her career success, also can obtain happiness in life.

Said honesty is not only, also want to action, learn to learn to integrity,

not confess to others about their bad things to others, and an honest heart also

need careful, cautious people, while others, trust yourself and be careful.

Integrity needs to insist on, only insist on will increase, there is an idiom

called a good day, we have to do a sincere, only insist to maintain our

unchanging moral character, can improve their body and mind in honesty, hone

their endurance, this is not a the best of both worlds?

Honesty is honest and trustworthy, a man of faith is often mistake by

others. Honest need courage and cautious, credit needs to insist on and perfect,

only do this, can complete is honesty.

In recent years, college studentsfind it increasingly difficult toget a

job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent,

well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full

play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon?

There are several reasons for this.To begin with, nowadays college students

aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary,

comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently,

most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider

not“good” enough. Another reason is thatthere is a big gap between the majors

some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think

some students are not fit for the jobs.

Solution to the problem requiresefforts on both the society and the

students. The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while

the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to–earth

in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so

as to improve themselves and be more competent.

Last Qingming Festival,I return home to worship my grandfather.Qingming

Festival is a folk Festival.In the past,In the past, the Qingming Festival was

called "Arbor Day". But Today, Chinese visit their family graves to tend to any

underbrush that has grown. Weeds are pulled, and dirt swept away, and the family

will set out offerings of food and spirit money. Unlike the sacrifices at a

familys home altar, the offerings at the tomb usually consist of dry, bland

food. One theory is that since any number of ghosts rome around a grave area,

the less appealing food will be consumed by the ancestors, and not be plundered

by strangers.

With the passing of time, this celebration of life became a day to the

honor past ancestors. Following folk religion, the Chinese believed that the

spirits of deceased ancestors looked after the family. Sacrifices of food and

spirit money could keep them happy, and the family would prosper through good

harvests and more children.

淘米水的妙用

①淘米水很不起眼，平时常被白白倒掉。可是你知道吗？它在生活中却有许多妙用。

②淘米水是天然的去污剂，与一般的工业去污产品相比，淘米水不仅洗净力适中，而且无任何副作用，比如，浅色衣服用淘米水浸泡一下，然后用肥皂洗涤，就会洁净如新；起霉斑的衣服，放入淘米水中浸泡一夜，可退斑洗净。又如，面对一堆有油污的碗、碟、瓶子时，与洗洁精相比，淘米水是更好的选择。淘米水经加热后，其淀粉质变性，而变性淀粉具有良好的亲油性和亲水性，所以油污一旦遇到淘米水，就会被淘米水中的淀粉吸附，从而脱离碗碟。

③淘米水是不花钱的化妆品，淘米水里含有淀粉质、维生素、蛋白质，这些营养物质可以对皮肤起到保湿、抗老化、美白的作用。经常用淘米水洗手、洗脸，皮肤会变得光滑白皙，淘米水还具有护发、亮发的功效。据说，傣族姑娘的一头秀发就是淘米水的佳作。傣族姑娘常用糯米的淘米水来护发。不过，她们用的淘米水要存放半个月或一个月的时间才能使用。因为淘米水经过沉淀发酵以后，含有非常丰富的B族维生素。B族维生素可以帮助头发的色素细胞生成黑色的色素颗粒。所以经常用淘米水洗头，可以营养头发，使头发变得乌黑亮丽。如果你想保持美好的形象，又不使身体受到任何伤害，还想节省费用，那么淘米水不失为一种首选的化妆品。

④淘米水还具有一定的药用价值。淘米水含有一定的蛋白质、维生素和微量元素，特别是头一两次淘米水含有钾且呈弱酸性加入食盐入药后，具有清火、凉血、解毒的功效。用淘米水加食盐煮开后，外洗或外擦皮 肤，对皮肤有比较温和的清洁作用，而且可以保持皮肤表面正常的酸碱度，抑制病原微生物的生长，防止皮肤搔痒，等等。

⑤此外，淘米水中含有蛋白质、淀粉质、维生素等丰富的营养物质，可用作上等饲料；淘米水中含有氮、磷、钾等微量元素成分，可用作上好的肥料。

⑥淘米水有如此多的妙用，你还会白白倒掉它吗？

（选文有改动）

15．请将选文所介绍的淘米水的妙用依次填入下面的方框内。（3分）

作饲料、肥料

16．傣族姑娘用来护发的淘米水，为什么要存放半个月或一个月的时间才使用？（3分）

答：

17．选文④段中加着重号的词语可以去掉吗？请说出理由。（3分）

答：

18．选问⑥段在全文的内容和结构上有什么作用？（3分）

答：

参考答案：

15.（3分）作去污剂 作化妆品（护肤美发） 有药用价值（答出一点得1分，意思对即可）

16.（3分）淘米水经过沉淀发酵以后，含有非常丰富的B族维生素。B族维生素可以帮助头发的色素细胞生成黑色的色素颗粒。（意思对即可）

17.（3分）不可以。（1分）因为加着重号的词语起限制作用，说明了淘米水药用价值是有限的，体现了说明语言的准确性和科学性。（2分）（意思对即可）

18.（3分）强调人们要重视对淘米水的使用；（2分）呼应开头。（1分）（意思对即可）

Dear Mr. Smith,

As a graduate student of Zhejiang university, I already studied four years in this university, including four years studying Chemistry Department. I also worked six months in Lafarge Roofing Systems China as a project assistant. The CEO appreciated my analytic and synthesis skills. He gave me his confidence to represent Lafarge and prospect the Zhejiang Development Zones to find the best location to build a new factory.

I have an intermediate level in English (speaking and writing).I am gaining proficiency as a good negotiator in my daily and working life.Now that all my classes are finished, I am back in China in order to stay here at least a few years.

I am available as soon as required, and I will be glad to give you more details about my experiences, my motivation, and my skills. I thank you in advance for your interest.

Yours faithfully,

Lihua

I have a dream , but I darent say my dream is.....

Now I dare say : My dream is that Ill be admited to Qinghua

University.when I was a child, I had heard the highest school Qinghua. The words

often drives my heart. I keep it away for eleven years . However, I am almost

make it come true, because Im not good at studying subjects, my math ,my

English, my Chinese and my mixtrue subjects are not good. So, when I come to

classroom I often sit there and became sad. I think I have worked hard for two

years in the Siner School. But ,all of things arent change quickly. Where is my

seed and where is my gains, but it may be the time . Now, I have been in the

Senior three, and Ill face the case of going to university. Although the case

is so terrible , I have nothing to treat it. I often cry with the reason that

why I am always in trouble. but as the increcs of age , I know that cry is no

use , so I became studying. So, when I came into the Senior Three, I have been

felling myself to change mind to it is that studying is an important thing. If

you want to be good at it , you must finish the studying quickly and correctly

in a sure time, and the most important is that you must know the book well and

understand every rule and after that you may do some practice to improve your

testing cile .At last you must review them ,because the peoples brain is

limited , and it will make you forget all of you have studied it .

At last you must keep a good health and have a good felling. Look, this is

a true senior three student.

Qinghua, please open your door, Im running to you now.

在陆地上，许多森林分布在陡峭的山坡上，这些地方的土壤如果失去森林植被的保护，将会因重力作用加上水、风的侵蚀不断流失。土壤是由风化作用加上生物的过程，在漫长的地质演化中，由岩石变来的。其形成速度非常慢，有人估计形成1厘米的土壤约需要2000年的时间，而损失起来却非常容易，可能就是一两场暴雨或大风。黄土高原上游由于森林遭到破坏，每年都有大量土壤物质进入黄河，使得黄河永远也洗不清;1998年长江上游因大量森林被砍伐，发生罕见的大水，造成了巨大的人员伤亡与财产损失。我国北方山体多为秃山，岩石裸露，这也是因砍伐森林造成的。

除了直接保护土壤不被水流、风力、重力带走之外，森林还能起到涵养水源的作用。这一功能是通过森林的生理过程实现的，水多的时候能吸水(森林中各成员都含水，枯枝落叶和土壤都能够吸水)，水少的时候能吐水(植物蒸腾作用释放水分)。森林还对下游水库的蓄水能力有很好的调节作用。2010年，长江流域出现罕见洪水，森林覆盖率高的水库，稳稳当当地度过了难关。而有些森林覆盖率低的水库，水一冲下来就垮了。除了坝体质量本身这个原因外，上游缺少森林保护也不容忽视。

水土流失会导致江河湖水库淤积，加剧洪涝灾害。辽河干流下游部分河床已高于地面1～2米，成为地上悬河。中国约8万多座水库年均淤积16.24亿立方米，造成水库调蓄雨洪能力下降。目前，水土流失已成为中国最大的环境公害之一：在流失大量泥沙过程中，大量矿物营养物质也被带走，每年中国因水土流失损失的氮、磷、钾元素，相当于全国化肥厂生产的化肥产量。

水土流失最严重的表现形式就是泥石流，高强度的水流连泥带石，冲击力非常大，杀伤力很强。大家对2010年，甘肃舟曲县的泥石流灾难可能还有深刻的印象，近2万人受灾，1700多人丧生，4万余间民房被摧毁。其实，舟曲本是陇上小江南，这里原有丰富的森林资源和水资源，土地和气候资源也不错。舟曲县境内森林覆盖率曾达45%，高于甘肃省平均水平(7.5%)，也高于全国平均水平(22%)。遗憾的是，舟曲县境内的森林，经过30多年的采伐，所剩无几。没有了森林植被的保护，那些处于陡坡山的土壤和大小石块，很容易在暴雨来临之时，借助重力作用危害山下人民群众的生命财产安全。

舟曲泥石流的残酷现实再次说明，森林就是人类的生命。当森林家园被毁掉时，人类自身的家园也难以得到保障。

1. 选文以森林是大自然的调度师为题有什么好处?

2. 为什么说森林是大自然的调度师?

3. 由森林遭破坏而导致的水土流失会带来怎样的危害?

4. 选文画线的句子运用了什么说明方法?有什么作用?

5.阅读下面的链接材料，回答问题。

【链接材料】

国外有学者曾测算出一组数据：一棵长了50年的大树，按木材产出计算值625美元，市场售价为50～125美元，仅为其真正价值的0.3%。这棵树的真实价值至少包括：第一，按每年平均释放1吨氧气计，50年生产氧气的价值约为31250美元;同期防止空气污染达62500美元。第二，防止水土流失及增加土壤肥力，所产生的价值为68750美元。第三，为牲畜遮风挡雨和供鸟类筑巢、栖息，促进生物多样性保护，价值约为31250美元;创造动物蛋白约2500美元。

(1)阅读链接材料之后，你感受最深的一点是什么?

(2)在实际生活中，一棵树还有哪些方面的价值?请写出两点。

1.突出重点，直达主题

2.因为深林水多的时候能吸水(森林中各成员都含水，枯枝落叶和土壤都能够吸水)，水少的时候能吐水(植物蒸腾作用释放水分)。森林还对下游水库的蓄水能力有很好的调节作用。

3.洪涝灾害 水土流失 泥石流等

4.4、[示例①]语句：黄土高原上游由于森林遭到破坏，每年都有大量土壤物质进入黄河，使得黄河永远也洗不清。

作用：以具体的事例，说明人类破坏森林，导致水土流失的严重后果。

[示例②]语句：2010年，长江流域出现罕见洪水，森林覆盖率高的水库，稳稳当当地度过了难关。而有些水库，水一冲下来就垮了。

作用：例举森林覆盖率高和低的水库进行对比，说明森林对下游水库的蓄水能力有很好的调节作用。

5.1树木的环境价值生态价值远远大于直接的经济价值

5.2美化环境 观赏价值