高中生二年级英语作文参考汇总6篇 作文大全（汇编20篇）

Last night, I saw the news that a bus driver died of heart disease when he was doing his job, there were many passengers in the car, the driver stopped the car in the sidewalk and then died.

It is so moving, compared to the drivers who drive in high speed, this driver is full responsibility, he considered the passengers’ safe in the first place, he deserves to be highly praised.

In today, people are losing the sense of responsibility, they don’t care many things, which makes them a heartless people. Like when my mother asks me to finish the house work, I have to finish it before I go out to play.

If I give up, in the future, I will take things not serous and be a responsible guy.

If the driver just died without stopping the car, then the passengers would die, what a terrible thing. So we need to be responsible.

昨晚，我看到一则新闻关于一个司机在开车时死于心脏病，车上有很多乘客，司机把车停在人行道以后就死去了。这是多么感动啊，和那些高速开车的司机来说，这个司机充满了责任感，他把乘客的安全放在了第一位上，他值得受到高度表扬。

今天，人们正在丧失责任感，他们对很多东西不在意，这让他们变得无情。

比如当我妈妈叫我完成家务，我必须在出去玩之前完成。如果我放弃了，将来，我会对其他事情无所谓，成为一个不负责任的人。如果司机没有把车停下来就死掉了，车上的乘客都会死，这是多么可怕的事情啊。因此我们要有责任。

[高中英语作文：责任

高中环保作文（一）

每当我坐在窗明几净的教室里，漫步在水清镜明的湖畔旁，飞驰在绿草如荫的足球场时，我都会感到一种惬意。但一个潜伏在我们身边很久的危机正在慢慢爆发，也许有一天这美丽的景物会离我们远去。这一切都是人类一手造成的。天堂大门的钥匙和地狱大门的钥匙都捏在人类自己手中。我们中学生应该自觉履行保护环境的责任，提高环保意识，增强法制观念，落实环保行动。做“文明小卫士”。

我们的地球是一个美丽无比的星球。但水土流失、沙漠化仍不断困扰着人类。正疯狂地侵吞着人们赖以生存的土地。据有关资料统计，地球上的沙漠、荒地正以每年2700万公倾的速度扩展，我国沙化的土地也正以每年1560平方公里的面积延伸。目前，我国已有128万平方公里的土地沙化，而潜在沙化的土地差不多也有15万平方公里。荒漠化已成为危害全球环境最严重的问题。

我曾看到一个寓意很深的漫画，画面上两辆汽车一前一后行驶着，前面一辆车上的人敲锣打鼓，还用红纸写道：报喜，化工厂增产，产值3万元。后一辆车上的人愁眉苦脸，一张纸上写着：报忧，因化工厂污染，粮食减产30万斤，附近居民身体严重受损，周边几条河流无法使用，法院判其限期整改并处罚金。孰喜孰忧，显而易见。所有这些，都是大自然向我们发出的警告，它在提醒我们不要忘了大自然的严厉惩罚和那些惨痛的教训。这也就提示我们以后一定要保护环境。

环境污染会给我们的身心带来损害。为了保护我们的健康，就需要我们的社会提高和加强对环境保护的认识。地球是我们的母亲啊，我们不该将大量的污水排到它的血管里，将大量的垃圾埋在它的肉体中。地球不是垃圾场，我们不能在公共场所，随地吐痰，乱丢纸屑、烟头等杂物，不注意环保。让口香糖使它长满了黑斑，乱扔塑料袋，造成“白色污染”，还使它寸草不生、龌龊不堪，到处都是浑浊的世界。这些行为完全与社会主义的精神文明和社会公德相悖。

水能载舟，也能覆舟。解铃还需系铃人。如果人类能及时弥补，能保护树木；节约用水；减少废水废气排放对环境的污染。我们中学生应积极参加公益劳动，让我们共同保护生活的环境，首先使自己的校园变的清洁，然后为城市的清洁出力。朋友们，献一份爱心和努力吧！必须从自我做起，从身边的小事做起，通过自己的行动来保护我们赖以生存的环境。不能再犯破坏生态环境的错误了。

我们是祖国的公民，是21世纪的主人，所以我们对自己的祖国和人类负有责任，社会是我们共同的家园，社会成员的素质直接反映着整个社会的风气，中华民族有着五千年的文明史，作为一个礼仪之邦，讲公德是我们中华民族传统美德，作为每个社会成员，都有责任将这种传统美德发扬光大。要加强社会公德，社会需要公德。我们不能做不拘小节的人，讲公德、守秩序是社会和谐的基础。“美德出良才”良好的文明习惯来自于良好的道德品质的培养，只有从小事事处处“想到别人”，讲文明，守秩序，养成良好的习惯，长大后才可能具有文明礼貌的自觉行动。

“亡羊补牢未为晚矣”。我们要向所有的人们敲响警钟，我们大声疾呼，我们只有一个地球呀！我们一定要保护我们的家园，从现在起，我们应该刻不容缓地行动起来，治理污染，绿化环境，不让污染的悲剧重演。争做“文明小卫士”。

高中环保作文（二）

地球是生命的摇篮，人类是地球的骄子。她给予我们生存所需的一切，离开她我们一刻也无法生存下去。然而，随着科技进步与社会的快速发展，人类为了满足日益增长的物质生活需求，正不自觉地步入掠夺性资源利用和破坏性生产的误区。

在我们生活的这个世界上，一方面，工业污水源源不断地流入江河湖海，天空到处弥漫着黑色的烟尘，堆积如山的垃圾。另一方面，森林面积锐减，土地沙漠化，气候变异，酸雨成灾，旱涝肆虐，生态灾难频繁，水资源和自然资源逐渐枯竭……人类的生存与发展正面临着环境不断恶化所带来的严峻威胁，地球及其居民好象进入了一个高风险地带。警钟早已敲响，但是，人类对于环境恶化进程的遏止仍显得过于苍白无力。

美好的地球环境是我们赖以生存的基础。但，每当我们的自身利益与环境利益相互矛盾时，人类总是只顾眼前利益和自身利益，而环境利益却被我们远远地抛在脑后。在现实生活中，我们为了追求所谓的“卫生”而大量使用一次性筷子，为此付出的代价森林被毁，水土大量流失，生态失衡；为了获取看似贵重的毛皮、虎骨，满足渺小的口腹之欲，有人甘冒违法的风险，疯狂地捕杀野生动物……据统计，人类工业化发展的一百多年来，特别是最近几十年来，随着工业化的不断升级和其它人类活动的增加，物种灭绝的速度比自然灭绝的速度要快一千倍之多。如果人类再不节制自己的行为，我们的后代将会见不到除人类之外的其它生物，甚至将可能无法在这个星球上继续生存下去，人类也将面临灭绝。这决不是危言耸听。面对着我们一手造成的恶果，面对着逝去了的、将要逝去的，以及那些在人类的屠刀下呻吟的生命，我们——地球上最聪明的动物，该怎么办……

警钟已经长鸣！环境需要我们保护，家园需要我们建设。我们每个人可以做许多事情来保护我们生存的环境，如回收废旧电池，节约水电，不吃口香糖，不乱扔杂物，不用塑料袋，不用一次性筷子，植树造林，绿化荒山；到城镇乡村开展以“保护自然、保护环境”为主题的大规模的环保宣传教育活动，号召大家立即行动起来，保护我们的家园，为人类生活创建一个美好和谐的环境。

大自然与我们是不可分割的共同体，地球则是我们共同的家园。天蓝地绿，山川秀美是我们共同的追求和理想。为了把我们的绿色家园建设得更加美好，为了给我们的子孙后代留下一片绿色的天地，让我们从现在做起，从我做起，保护我们的地球，也保护我们人类自己吧！

Online shopping 网购

Online shopping is common in our daily life now. There are two kinds of opinion about it.

Some people think that online shopping has a lot of advantages. The most important one is its convenience. People don’t have to waste their time and energy to go from one shop to another to buy commodities they like. This is especially useful to the busy people, the aged and the disable people who can’t go to shops in person. Besides, on the Internet there is enough information of all kinds of commodities, and people are able to buy things from a distant place.

But other people object to online shopping. They think that the real goods may be different from what the consumers have seen on the Net, thus the quality of commodities bought online may not be ensured. What’s worse, once cheated online, one may find it difficult to make a complaint.

In my opinion, it is better for all to be careful when shopping online.

现在网上购物在我们的日常生活中是常见的。有两种意见。

有些人认为网上购物有很多优点。最重要的是它的方便。人们不必浪费他们的时间和精力去从一个商店到另一个去买他们喜欢的商品。这对忙碌的人特或老年人、残疾的不能去商店的人特别有用。此外，在网上有大量的商品信息，人们可以从一个遥远的地方买东西。

但是，其他人反对网上购物。他们认为，真正的货物与消费者在网上看到的不同，因此网上买的商品质量不能保证。更糟糕的是，一旦网上受骗，你会发现很难作出投诉。

在我看来，网上购物时要小心对我们所有人都更好。

[关于网购的英语作文参考

everything lives with opposite forces。 the same can be said about modern technology， such asInternet。

at first glance internet offers us excitement and a worl of promise。 frankly speaking， people who have some ideas of it can not deny the merits born with the system。 for instance，it can improve proficiency in scientific research， for by means of it scientists and researchers can get a global look at the latest development in the field concerned and accordingly they need spend no time doing what has already been done。 in view of personal communication， the most convenient means could be peculiar to internet， too。

while people speak highly of internet， its drawbacks shouldnt be neglected。 sometimes， alittle fatal breakdown of the system， or a disastrous error could bring us an enormous amount of damage and loss。 meanwhile， with lnternets replacement of hooks or the written work as the main source of information， humans writing abilities are weakened and relations between people are desalinated。

however， every country on this planet should work hard to develop the system to serve us more efficiently and comfortably， because in the net all countries are interrelated。

[关于网络(Internet)高中英语作文

I had a great time throughout my may day holiday.

On monday, i went bbq with my classmates who threw a celebration party at our middle school principles flat. our parents were invited to the party. everybody was excited about the holiday. i ate a lot of delicious food at that time.

On tuesday, i went visiting my uncles family with my parents. we went to celebrate our good time at a fancy restaurant in shanghai. later that day, we sang karaoke in my uncles house. we stayed for the night.

On wednesday, i went shopping with my cousins. we bought some brand name t-shirts and pants. in the afternoon, my cousins gave me a fun ride on the city highway. they also taught me how to drive their fancy car, so i tried to do some turning and parking. it was not easy first. but i learnt quick.

on thursday, we returned home with many gifts from our trip. i tried to get some rest. at night, i chatted with my classmates on the phone, and i watched cctv before going to bed.

From friday on, i started to finish up my homework assignments on my personal laptop. some of my assignments were quite boring. after i finished the homework, i emailed them to my teachers. that was the end of it. i started to prepare things for school on this coming monday.

Astime goes by, people are being busier and busier with working, such as signingtheir contracts, meeting their customers, drawing up the balance sheets oftheir companies and so on. In this circumstance, people forget our mostexcellent skill--smile.

随着时间的推移，人们在工作上越来越忙，如签订合同，见客户，制定企业资产负债表等。在这种情况下，人们忘记了我们最优秀的技能——微笑。

Thereare a great many kinds of power of smile. First of all, common touch can beshowed by a kind smile. Imagine that you go to a company to attend an audition.With a confident smile, you are more likely to answer the question better. Furthermore,smile can eliminate angry. As a philosopher said, smile before you begin to getangry. The last but not the least, it reflects calm of a person when he is indanger or in trouble.

微笑的力量很多。首先，微笑可以作为平易近人的一种表现。想象一下，你去一个公司参加面试。带着自信的微笑，你有可能会更好地回答问题。此外，微笑可以消除愤怒。一个哲学家说过，在你开始生气之前微笑。最后但并非最不重要的，当一个人处于危险或者麻烦的时候，微笑反映了一个人的镇定。

Thebeneficial aspects cannot be stated completely in this passage. But you canunderstand its power when you smile.

微笑的好处在这里是无法一一列举的。但是，在你微笑的时候你可以理解它的力量。

[高中英语作文：微笑的力量

导语：相信每个人都会发现自己校园美丽的景色，快来跟小编说说吧。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

When the East is reflecting fish-belly white, that piece covered up red is coming out. When teachers and administration staff dormitory this veil also cannot block from her glowing red face again time, she no longer covers up simply, no longer shy, entire development in ours front. Under the rosy-colored clouds at dawn classroom building, meets one, as soon as row after row, increased for the beautiful campus morning has wiped red Time the setting sun in the western sky campus, has the irresistible beauty. That is one kind detailed and peaceful, that is one kind of vigorous vitality. The crimson setting sun according to on the level of the lake, is static does not have the sound, the green water plant to embellish, is swinging, the partner has the breeze, has aroused the intermittent ripples. The fish have a good swim heartily in the water, whether also cheers for this campus? In the classroom building stands upright which from two transmits the intermittent ringing book sound, that is on the Beethoven piano the harmonious music, that is a day-long start. Occasionally transmits the intermittent delightful laughter along with the breeze, that is when earnestly studies assiduously all day section of interludes, that is the happy joyful testimony. When schoolmates are welcoming the rosy-colored clouds at dawn, the stride walks on campus beautiful trail time, that is He Zhong the vitality! When schoolmates tread the setting sun to pull mutually talks and laughs merrily, that also is He Zhong satisfaction!

【参考译文】

东方正反射着鱼肚皮的白，那片红色的那块就要冒出来了。当教师和管理人员宿舍这帷幕也无法阻挡她再次发光的红色脸的时候，她再也不掩饰了，不再害羞，整个发展在我们面前。在教学楼在黎明的玫瑰色的云彩，符合一，尽快鳞次栉比，增加美丽的校园今天上午有时间抹去红色在西方天空校园夕阳，具有不可抗拒的美丽。这是一种细致而安宁的，是一种轰轰烈烈。克林姆森夕阳照到水平的湖，是静态的没有声音，的绿色水植物点缀，是摆动，合作伙伴有微风，激起阵阵涟漪。鱼儿在水里有一个很好的游，是否也为这校园欢呼?在课堂上，从2个传来的声音中，有一个从两个传来的声音，那就是贝多芬钢琴上的和谐音乐，那是一天的开始。偶尔传输随着微风的间歇愉快的笑声，这是在认真研究，刻苦整天部分插曲，这是幸福快乐的证词。当同学们在晨光中迎接玫瑰色的云朵时，就在校园里走过了一步一步的时光，那就是他中的活力!当同学踏夕阳拉互相谈笑风生，这也是他钟满意!

27th, September of every year is World Tourism Day.

Of course, it is to advocate people to travel often.

Nowadays, as people’s living standard improve, the number and frequency of people to travel is also increasing. Why? I think it may because of the advantage of travel. First of all, travel can make people relaxed. In today’s competitive society, everyone is under great stress.

They may be crazy if they are in that situation in the long term. Going travel, leaving all the troubles behind for a period of time, people will have a good rest and then fight again. Secondly, travel can broaden people’s vision.

People can learn more through what they see and hear.

This knowledge is good for them. Last but not least, travel can enlarge people’s social circle, because they can make new friends on the way of their trip. In conclusion, travel has so many advantages. It is no wonder that there is a World Tourism Day to encourage everyone to go travel.

每年的月二十七是世界旅游日。当然，这是为了提倡人们多旅游而设的。

如今，随着人们生活水平的提高，去旅游的人数和频率都随之增加了。为什么会这样呢？我觉得可能是因为旅游所拥有的优势。首先，旅游可以使人放松。

在当今竞争激烈的社会，每个人都承受着巨大的压力。长期处于这种状态下，他们可能会疯了。

去旅行，把所有的烦恼暂抛脑后，人们将会得到良好的休息，然后再奋斗。

其次，旅游能开阔人们的视野。人们可以通过他们的所见所闻而学习。这些知识对他们是有用的。最后但并非最不重要的，旅行可以扩大人们的社交圈，因为他们可以在旅途中结识新朋友。总之，旅行有很多优点。难怪会有世界旅游日来鼓励大家去旅行。

[高中英语作文：旅游

My Favourite Festival

My favoruite festival is Mid-Autumn Festival. On that day, I can get moon cakes, fruit and many other delicious foods. The moon cakes are round like the moon. They are delicious. They are different inside. On Mid-Autumn Festival I see my elder brother back from work. We get together. We talk and watch the moon! How happy we are!

Today, when I awaked up, I found the air-conditioner didn’t work. I used the control, but it still didn’t work. I knew the air-conditioner was in trouble. I went downstairs. My father told me two air-conditioner and two netputer had been broken. Because my father used electric making machine to make electric, so the voltage was not stable. It led to the trouble. Oh! Whenever the government will let the factory use electric? If it lasts longer, I will be crazy!!

In the past two years, my parents took me to travel to many places,

including big cities, small towns, famous mountians and so on. Therefore, I like

traveling and I hope I can visit to many more places. Since then, I hope I can

be a tour guide in the future, so I can travel to many tourist attractions.

Besides, I can meet various people and I think communicating with different

people is interesting, wchich can broaden my field of vision. I hope they can

share their life stories with me so that I can know the general life of a place.

I know it would be a challenging job, but I believe I can do well in my job.

新学期的开始，每一位同学都会从新开始认识自己的老师，而我也不例外。

我的英语老师是一个又瘦又帅的人。他讲课时，会有几分钟的玩笑时间，所以我们班的每个同学都喜欢他的英语课，而他也不喜欢我们在他的课上表现出昏昏欲睡或者是整个班死气沉沉。如果那 样，他会很不高兴，从而不给我们讲课。

因从我们每一个人都不会这样做的，而且会紧绷着自己的神经，生怕会在他的课上犯困。但如果我们让他高兴了，他会很高兴上我们的课程，而且会给我们讲笑话，逗得我们哈哈大笑，使得课堂气 氛非常活跃。

而这就是我的英语老师。

After a year, just for one day.This day is to have the spring festival.There are two days to have the Spring Festival, people began to busy.

Firecrackers, poetic couplet and had bought, the prepared food, need to buy some bread stored, ready enough meat and noodles, dumplings have the Spring Festival.Dried fruit, fruit, candy, beverage, wine is also essential in the Spring Festival, celebrating the new years Eve night, when using, do a sumptuous the dinner on New Years Eve, usher in the new year.Many people also began to clean the windows, polished, call a person to see repeatedly praised.The room to maintain ones original pure character, good to create new year new weather.

Adults and the elderly are beginning to give the children ready to gift money, with red packaging, on behalf of the children new year wishes.I also began to prepare a few words of good wishes, wait until the new years Eve, people used to toast.Let them in the new year, happy to spend.

Television, host and various performances have also started to prepare a unable to hold oneself back Gala, back lines. Net, recorded the playing order.I hope that after this kind of careful preparation, Spring Festival Gala more colorful than last year!So that the audience can more easily through it in a year, turn the page, continue to have a happy life!

Soon have the Spring Festival, soon have the Spring Festival … …

hello!my name is Mingming.I am a pupil.i like speaking english very much.I go to school five days every week.every day i go to school on foot. because my school is not near my home.i like my school.there are about 3500 students and 54 teachers in my school.and i study grade 4.there are 45students in my class.my english teacher is tall and handsome .i love him very much. welcome to my school.you must be very happy.

High school is very important in one’s lifetime. Nowadays, the movies about the high school time are so popular, but the stories are exaggerated, my memories about high school life are so different from the movie. During the three years, study occupied most of my time. I fought for the future with my classmates. We studied together and shared our opinion about the difficult points. When I made great progress, I was so happy, but when I fell behind, I would not give up. I grew up and became patient, I was not the little girl anymore. In the part-time, I would go to play basketball with my friends, it became the most exciting thing at that time. Though the high school life was simple, I gained a lot. I would never forget the classmates who worked with me together.

高中是一个人一生中非常重要时刻。如今,关于高中生活的电影如此受欢迎,但这些故事被夸大了,我对高中生活的记忆是不同于电影里面的。在三年里,学习占据了我大部分的时间。我和我的同学们一起为未来奋斗。我们一起学习，并且分享我们对难点的意见。当我取得很大的进步的时候,我很高兴,但是当我落后,我也不会放弃。我长大了,变得有耐心,我不再是个小女孩了。在课余时间,我会和我的朋友一起去打篮球,这成为最令人兴奋的事情。尽管高中生活很简单,但是我收获了很多。我永远不会忘记曾我和一起学习的同学。

20XX年X月X日 晴

Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.

One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then well show him around the city.Well go to the beach to watch the sea first.

Then well visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house during the holiday.I hope well have a good time.

My hobby

My hobby is lisetening to music.I like listening to music best.Because listening to music makes me relaxed.When I am tired,I will listening some quiet music,that makes me fall asleep very quickly.My favorite music is the music that has good lyrics.Good lyrics can also make me learn Chinese or English well.

I love listening to music.I will keep this hobby forever.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

Which is better, shopping online or traditional shopping? Different people have different attitudes towards it. Some people think that online shopping is very convenient, for it can save them a lot of time and energy. It’s especially helpful for those who are always busy with their work. Besides, through the internet, they can get more information about the commodities they want to buy and buy a lot of things that cannot be bought in local places.

网上购物还是传统购物，那种方式更好呢？每个人对这事的看法都不一样。有些人认为网购十分方便，因为这种方式可以节省许多的时间和精力。特别是对那些工作十分繁忙的人来说，网购帮了大忙。此外，通过网络他们可以知道关于他们想购买的产品的信息，还能卖到当地没有卖的商品。

Nevertheless, I’m not keen on online shopping at all, since most commodities which are bought online are of poor quality. Once we are cheated, we may find it difficult to make a complaint. Thus we should take more cautions when shopping online.

尽管如此，我还是不太热衷于网购，因为大多数我们网购而来的产品的质量劣质。一旦我们上当受骗，我们会发现我们无处投诉。因此我们网购时要非常的谨慎。

In my eyes, I prefer traditional shopping, because I can choose what I really need. Also, I can know the quality of every commodity more clearly. Even if there’s something wrong with the commodities, I can still ask the sellers to compensate for my loss.

在我看来，我更喜欢普通的购物方式，因为我只需要选购我所需要的，而且我还能很清楚的知道商品的质量如何。假如我买的东西出现问题，我还能让卖家赔偿我的损失。

[高中英语作文：网上购物还是传统购物？

1 Shaven – unshaven

1刮过的-没刮过的

2 Predictable – unpredictable

2可预言的-不可预言的

3. Practical – impractical

3.实际的-不切实际的

4. Patient – impatient

4.耐心的-不耐心的

5. Reliable – unreliable

5.可靠的-不可靠的

6. Regular – irregular

6.正常的-不正常的

7. Social – antisocial

7.爱交际的-不爱交际的

8. Attach – detach

8.附着-分离

9. Respect – disrespect

9.尊敬-不敬

10. Exhale – inhale

10.发出-吸入

11. Possible – impossible

11.可能的-不可能的

12. Cooked – uncooked

12.煮熟的-未熟的

13. Introvert – extrovert

13.内向的-外向的

14. Voluntary – involuntary

14.志愿的-非志愿的

15. Responsible – irresponsible

15.负责的-不负责的

16. Do – undo

16.规定-取消

17. Important – unimportant

17.重要的-不重要的

18. Precise – Imprecise

18.精确的-不精确的

why is goal-setting important? because goals can help you do and experience every meaningful thing you hope for in life. instead of letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.

successful people have visions of what their life should be and they set lots of goals, both sbort-term and long-range, to help them realize the visions. by setting goals you are taking control of your life. it is like having a map to show where you want to go. a driver with an aim arrives at the destination without any waste of time or wrong turns.

on the contrary, a driver with no aim drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere and just using up gas and oil. winners in life set goals and follow through on them. they decide what they want and then get there by making plans and setting goals.

goals ara not difficult to set and they are not difficult to reach. it is up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are. with a clear direction, and with certain plans, you will straightly get what you want.

without a goal, you have to live a passive life. you do not know where to go, what you want and why you are listless. then your life be comes dull and meaningless just like the dead water in a muddy lake.

[人都要有目标高中学生英语作文