思考一切英文(汇编20篇)

What is April Fools Day and how did it begin? Well, that is a very good question. The origin of this holiday is rather uncertain. However, the common belief holds that during the reformation of the calendar the date for the New Year was moved from April 1st to January 1st. During that time in history there was no television and no radio so word spread slowly. There were also those who chose to simply ignore the change and those who merely forgot. These people were considered "fools" and invitations to non-existent parties and other practical jokes were played on them. "All Fools‘ Day" is practiced in many parts of the world with practical jokes and sending people on a fool‘s errand.

Another thought is that the origin began with the celebrations of the Spring Equinox. While some believe it has to do the a Roman festival known as Hilaria, the end of the Celtic new year.

In Scotland, April Fools Day lasts 48 hours, day two is know as Taily Day and pranks involving the posterior are played. The victim of the practical joke is referred to as "hunting the gowk"; the gowk is an extinct cuckoo bird.

In France, he is the "poisson d‘Avril" or "fish of April." The fish in April are newly hatched and easily caught. French children enjoy taping a picture of a fish on their friends back and yelling out "Poisson dAvril!" when it is found.

Da de los Santos Inocentes is held in Spain on December 28th. This is The Feast of the Holy Innocents. It‘s celebrated similarly to April Fools‘ Day with practical jokes.

In the United States, pranks are played on just about everybody. Pranks range from the standard "Your shoe is untied", to some very creative and elaborate ideas. The only "rule" is that no one should be harmed. The best jokes are when everybody including the victim laughs.

Dear Mr. Li

Hello!

Time flies, time flies. Unconsciously, I have been in the national life

insurance for ten years. After ten years of insurance career, I suddenly

realized the value of life. With gratitude, I would like to eXpress my cordial

greetings and sincere thanks to you! Thank you for your support and help in the

past. Thank you for making me full of confidence and courage in the insurance

industry and enjoy the harvest and joy from it! As the saying goes: "receive

peoples gratitude, when the spring to repay!" What you have given me is a heavy

trust. I understand that only the insurance road has been going on, has been

walking well, is the biggest return to you! Please believe that enthusiasm and

enthusiasm of HongXia will always be by your side. Insurance, as a way of life

arrangement in the future, is being accepted and loved by more and more people.

I am honored to be your life insurance financial consultant and have the

opportunity to serve you! In the past days, because of insurance, we have more

contacts and eXchanges. Your open-minded and wise, understanding and trust, let

me be inspired and grateful. Since I entered the insurance industry, insurance

has made my heart become more broad and integrated, strong and enterprising.

When my heart is frustrated and hit, when I think of the support and trust of

many customers and the eXpectation of my family, I dare not let myself slack off

and continue to move forward bravely in this industry.

Calm and tranquility are the embodiment of life power, which comes from the

inner calm and security. Although life insurance cant resist risks, it can make

people feel sad and soothe the soul, and let the people who love us and those we

love deeply feel a continuous love and responsibility, so that the courage to

live and the vision of creating a new life cant be achieved by other goods and

services. Therefore, I have warned myself more than once that I should never

sell insurance to others because of my love and never say "no" to insurance

easily! I want to go on firmly in the insurance industry, and give more people

satisfaction insurance services! Its the beginning of the year again. Thank you

for giving me the opportunity to learn from you. I also sincerely wish you good

health, smooth work, harmonious family, prosperous business and prosperous

career! For myself, I will continue to learn and forge ahead to become more

substantial and professional, I will continue to provide you with the most

professional, the most perfect, the best quality service! I hope you can

continue to give me more support and help in the future, let me give security to

more people and more families!

China Life Dong HongXia to January 2013

We all wish (hope) to be happy， so we should take good care of our

health。

Health is the best treasure (which) a man can possess。 Money can do many

things， but it cannot buy happiness。 However， so long as man has good health， he

can enjoy the pleasures of human life。

In order to insure good health we must pay attention to three things。 They

are-nourishing food， fresh air and proper exercise。

我们大家都期望快乐，所以我们就应好好保重健康。一个病人因为失去健康而很少快乐。

健康是一个人所能拥有最好的财富。钱能做许多事情，但是它却不能购买。然而，只要一个人有良好的健康，他就能享受人生的乐趣。

为了保证良好的健康，我们务必注意三件事情。它们是营养食物，新鲜空气和正当运动。

帕斯卡尔说过：“人只不过是一根芦苇，是自然界最脆弱的东西，但他是一根能思考的芦苇。”正因为我们会思考，所以我们存在着。然而随着科技的发展，我们人虽然依旧会思考，但却像人工智能那般去思考，逐渐失去了价值观和同情心。原来全在于我们的心生锈了、思想受到了束缚。

随着AlphaGo、小冰等人工智能的出现，许多人都认为机器人快像人一样思考了。但我认为虽然他们会下棋、能写诗，其实他们对于这个世界根本就是漠不关心。他们不能创新，也没有情感。而当我们人情感与思考融合在一起并且达到最高点时，便会创作出经典的文学作品或优秀的思想，并且传承下来。这是从本质上来说，与我们人类的区别。

人生有许多逆境，有的人能够见心明志，直言疾呼有的人能够泰然处之，尽力有为；有的人心灰意冷，逆来顺受；有的人怨天尤人，满腹牢骚。后两者内心麻木，不会去思考，或者说不愿去思考，与机器人一样。而前两者虽不能说一定是思想自由的，但他们的心一定不是生锈的。

科技在不断发展，但其也存在着负面影响，并且逐渐在加，深诸如安全和隐私威胁、虚假新闻、反社会的社交媒体。从而我们的内心锈蚀，所以麻木相待，使得我们不愿去思考，导致我们的价值观改变甚至扭曲，这些连接我们的技术反而分裂了我们，恰恰使我们耳塞目闭。所以我们要除锈，突破小的局限，接受新生事物、包容与自己不同的观念，唯有脱胎换骨地除锈，抛弃僵化的思维方式，超越原来的自我，才能成就精神的自由。

“夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺”。内心麻木，还因为我们的思想受到束缚，感到不自由，便会出现忧患。惠施曾苦恼于一棵无用的臭椿树。庄子告诉他，倘若把这棵树种在广漠的原野上，享受树荫，树下玩耍，不也是树有用的表现吗？当我们在习得常识的同时，也会获得一些惯性思维的偏见。唯有舍弃各种定见与束缚，才能找回自我存在的意义和价值，以达到思想自由，无往不利的境界。

这是一个最坏的时代，这又是一个最好的时代。在这样一个价值观逐渐被简化为价值，甚至沦为价格的时代里，正是需要基于我们对美的热爱，基于我们的信念、正直和善良相互联系这样的思考。

Yesterday when Susan was waiting for the bus at a bus stop, she saw a purse

lying on the ground. She picked it up and opened it. In it was some money and a

telephone card. She wanted to find out who lost it. So she went to a public

telephone and dialed the number on the card. Fortunately someone answered the

phone. When the lady came and got back her purse,she thanked Susan for her good

deed.

周二，我们班跑步结束，刚回到班里，正准备上品德课。我突然听见一阵急促的呼吸声：啊——呼——啊——呼——。起初我以为是某个同学在捣乱。可是这样的声音不绝于耳。

我回头一看，原来是崔诚隆！只见他脸色惨白，呼吸急促，瘫坐在椅子上，看样子要支撑不住了。同学们赶紧把任老师和医生请过来，一起忙碌着把崔诚隆带出教室，送往医务室。

就在这时候，不知道是谁冒出一句：是心肌梗塞吧。“哈哈哈”大家都笑了，我却并没有笑，而且觉得这句话十分的刺耳！

这可不是开玩笑的事情，如果真是心脏有问题，必须赶快治疗，不然会有生命危险。

我想对那些笑的同学说，崔诚隆那么难受的时候，你们却拿他取乐子，这样合适吗？你们想过他的感受吗？人命关天你们却一笑了之。如果生病的那个人就是你，别人也拿你来开涮，你的内心又会怎样？会不会崩溃。

上周五，我感冒了，头晕而且鼻子十分不舒服。可我忍住了，不和任何人说我有多难受。我就害怕别人拿这件事来讥笑我。

可我又实在坚持不住，告诉了老师，老师打电话给我家长的时候，还是有人送上一句“你肯定是想回家，不想上学了”。

我从小就有很多的委屈不跟别人说，不想把自己的痛苦带给别人。我的内心和崔诚隆当时是一样的：失望！孤独！伤心！

请同学们换位思考，多站在对方的角度看问题。不要在母校的最后一年里发生不愉快的事情。

思考之论，非言对错，必在合适二字。故计算机势必无法像人类一样思考，而人类亦要逆时代之流而上，主动拒绝像计算机一样思考。

非言人类的思考即是完美，但人类的思考是最适合人类的，其中积累与传承至今的价值观与同情心，是无论古今、无论中外所互通而又不可或缺的。无论是上古时期所发展而成的早期民族意识，又或是到先秦时期诸子百家的争鸣。是仁义礼智信、道法自然的价值观，亦或是孔子创办私塾学费任意的仁人之心。至今千年，早已构成了一个较为完善与深刻的社会秩序与体制，这是机器无法领悟、学会、甚至适应的。我想，这便是库克言：“我不担心人工智能会让计算机像人类一样思考。”的原因。

而亦非言计算机的思考一无是处，诚然其加快了逻辑运算速度与数据处理能力，但计算机的思考仅仅适用于计算机。究其原因，这是一个通过设定目标而推理出最优解的过程，但这个最优解不会考虑人情事理的基本常识，换而言之，可谓不择手段。不顾虑后果，不选取合适的方式方法，这样的思考一旦被人类执行，便是丧失了人类社会的价值观与同情心。而令人心痛的是，前有僧人欲求清净而毁其旁清冽甘泉，虽清净已得，却是伤他人生活与自然；后有为追求拍摄效果而炸毁生灵与污染自然，虽画面炫丽夺目，却是破坏了人最基本的道德底线，二者无一不表明了一个事实：人类的思考已经在向计算机的思考发展了。因而库克言：“我更担心人类像计算机一样思考，失去了价值观和同情心，罔顾后果。”并非虚妄。

倘若任思考的方式如此发展，那么我便不由想到了一个啼笑皆非而发人深思的例子，以在一万年后地球仍被保护的完好为目标进行思考，而人类又是污染地球的主要源头，按照计算机的逻辑思考，消灭全人类便应当是最优解了。可人类会这样思考吗？人类会如此自相残杀吗？若不做出对人类思考的重视，我虽不愿承认，但这样的情况不能言不可能。所幸如今人类的思考尚未至此，尚有人逆时代之流而上，坚持操守着人类最重要而又最值得骄傲的价值观与同情心，延续着从古至今的思考精华，并在此基础上更深入的发展着。

福祉与罪孽正等，计算机的思考给人类带来利处的同时也带来了祸患。从道德情感上而言，计算机的思考甚至次于动物世界的秩序法则，是断然不适用于人类社会的。而人类若是不想因失去价值观与同情心儿变得与自己创造出的计算机的思考相同，便需在发展、利用、创新计算机的同时告诫自己坚守自我底线，在思考的同时鉴古鉴今，虽困难，亦坚持着人类的底线与情感。因为那才是最适合人类，是人类最理当却辛苦的思考。

人类之思，计算机之思，二者皆无是非之分，而人类所需做的，是在计算机之思的轰炸之下坚守着价值观与同情心，于世间万物，也于人类自己。虽辛苦，却是最合适的思考了。

Dear pen Pal ____ :

Hello,my pen Pal!Let me talk about my favorite animals.

I like cats,because he has a round face,big eyes,always so lovely.His ears were small,furry above.It is small,my favorite.

The second is the dog.Some dogs have curly body.And it also and humans are good friends,it often helps to human beings.His faithful let me also like it.

I also like the rabbit.Especially those with white rabbit fur,wool is slippery.At the same time it is also very good,so I like it.

I like the three small animals,I dont know what do you like?

I wish you:

Learning progress

your pen Pal:

有时候我很害怕那些不一样的声音，他们混在与众不同的人物里面，混在芸芸众生当中冒充是最普通最频繁的身份，但是他们的目的却是昭然若揭的。他想要把你打垮，把你从这个位置打到万丈深渊，让你跌落下去粉身碎骨。

其实咱那些故事里面我们总是会做着一场又一场不一样的梦，也许在那些孟照吗？会看到未来会看到过去，会看到那些梦想骑士变成了其他的花儿一样。比如在那些梦想和环境当中给了我一个新的机会，让我回到过去，面对那些让我产生了后悔情绪的情境，让我重新选择一次，我想我可能还是会在犹豫当中选择了原本的那个选择。

因为在当时的心智条件下，我可能会觉得那个选择是最好的，也是最符合自己利益最大化的。对于现在的我来讲，会有更多的东西出现，会有更多以前意识不到的，可是现在却分外重视的东西。但那是过去，这是现在只是两者之间最显赫的差别。总不能幻想自己的人生经历的前后吧。

其实我现在不太喜欢看那种时空穿越的小说和作品了，因为以前觉得是那些东西表达的时候都有一种不一样的感觉，就好像桐华写《步步惊心》，他只是表达一种，即便是知道历史人物发展状况，也有一种无奈感和沧桑感。因为他知道那么多人的命运，但是却唯独不知道自己的命运，越是这样，越害怕越是这样越促成了历史的发展。冥冥之中是带着一种悲哀和无能为力的感觉的。

可是其他的盲目跟风的穿越小说，却往往是写成了爽文。当然那样的我并不喜欢，因为没有什么意义可以追溯。

有时候也会去看那些电影，即便是在很多时候我们没有去接触过的东西，你也会在进入和沉浸在一个故事里面的时候产生感触产生共鸣。即便是没有什么感同身受，但是你仍然会处于那种情境之下，做出那种选择，你会觉得这一切都是如此的深刻，那是共情能力。

所以未来也不需要去害怕，只需要耐心的思考深入思考。也许很多问题都会迎刃而解。

In China, students learn a lot of necessary lessons before they finish high

school. They can choose the special class as they go to college. But in the

western countries, the students need to take part in many special lessons to get

enough credits, since they are in middle school. Though some action has been

taken to improve students level, still many schools ignore it and they focus to

let students get high marks in the exams. The teenagers need to learn some

practical skills, such as swimming, which can save their lives when they are

stuck in the deep water. Students are always passionate about the special

lesson.

风吹乱了我的发丝，乱了我的思绪——青春是什么。

微波荡漾中，一叶小舟流连于山水间。舟上有欢快的笑声，回荡在山间里。在这片宁静的山林中，这声音显得尤其清晰却又喜人。河边有着袅袅炊烟，雾蒙蒙的一遍，有几个身影在窜动，其中夹杂着几声咳嗽声。——这是一群少年在郊外活动。

绿水、青山、少年、野炊，何不是构成一幅画?何不化为一首诗?

青春可以是在恬淡中、欢愉中度过，在青春时刻未何不去感受一下山林、感受身边事物，去提升自己呢。

而在同片蓝天下，这又有着不一样的故事：

“加油!加油!”这声音响彻云霄。“呼——”一声仿佛冲裂空间的那层阻碍的爆破声又激起一声又一声的欢呼雀跃。

不同于那边的热火朝天，这边的天空上仿佛笼罩着一层乌云。沉重的灰色压抑人的心、裹住人呼吸的氧气，不禁地，一声、两声，小小的啜泣声响起……

但那又如何，失败便失败，只要努力了、不愧对于自己的、不愧对于集体，那又如何!

如歌一般，青春便是如此。有高潮有低调，有激荡有颓唐，但是这样的青春也才有了色彩，这样起伏的人生也才不会无味，不是吗?

青春是人生充满精力的时候。

此时不搏何时搏?——不渺茫青春，不迷茫未来。

在高三便是你拼搏的关键时刻，也是青春的鼎盛时代。你可以享乐，你也可以埋头苦干，但最莫要忘记你的初心，最莫要忘记你想要的是什么。

青春更是人生最美好的时候。

在这个好时光里，有朋友、有同学与你共甘苦，有老师相遇相知相识。你不用考虑过多，只需要开心的过着，只因有身边有你最重要的人在陪伴着你。

青春是美好的、奇妙的，青春是值得珍惜和留恋的。所以勿要枉顾青春。

风吹鼓起我的衣服，不由心旷神怡，神清气爽——青春就是这样，那我还在想什么呢。

放开双手，拥抱天空，尽情欢笑，尽情挥洒汗水，不枉今朝!

随着信息技术的高速发展，人工智能已不再是仅存于科幻小说中遥不可及的臆想，而是在几年内便成为热门的话题。当人工智能首次破解了据说组合性最多的围棋时，举世哗然，不禁有人开始思考：人工智能的思考已经远远地胜过人类了吗？那么人类的思考在它们面前还有意义吗？

毋庸质疑的是，人工智能在学习能力上是占有极大优势的，但究其本质，它则是人类智慧集体的凝聚，因此并不能就此否定人类思考的价值。

苹果公司的总裁库克认为，比人工智能像人类一样思考更值得担心的是人类像计算机一样思考，失去了价值观和同情心，罔顾后果。这的确值得引起我们的警醒。

人类是鲜活的生命，而非由指令操纵的机械。因此。人类的思考具有感知他人情绪的意义。我们能经由察言观色向对方做出适时的反应，因为对方的表情能激起我们的切身体会。这是千百万年的进化才给予我们面部灵活的肌肉，这是让目前不具有自身情感的人工智能极难做到的。然而，当我们行走在路上，不难发现有些人终日沉浸于虚拟的世界里，维持着僵硬呆板的面容，对周遭的世界置若罔闻，这难道不能引起我们的反思吗？

人类是社会性的动物，由于受到过后天的教育，具有道德准则、法律规章以及社会价值观的约束，才能对自身行为的正确性进行判断。而人工智能只是人工干预的成果，是依照其内部的程序指令去达成目的的，它不会去深究自己的行为是否正确。就如许多影片中的科学狂人一样，他们一心为达成目的，却失去了本来“人皆有之”的恻隐之心。可以推广来说，当所有人都如计算机机一样思考，那么未来绝不会是美好的。

或许有人会问，人工智能在科技的引领下不是也可以达到这些吗？诚然，我认为科学技术的发展远超乎我们的想象，达到或达不到只是因为时间的早晚问题。但是，人类存在的意义正是思考，它让我们登上了食物链的顶端。当有一天我们失去了自身的情感，也不过是具有智能的行尸走肉。到这时，我们就该推位让贤，让出“万物之灵”的宝座。

我们不应该对未来持盲目的悲观态度，但也应时时保持警惕。当我们的思维为科技所改造时，这个世界将变得黯淡。

dear wang yan,

i enjoyed your hospitality during my three-day stay in tianjin.your new house is very beautiful,and your cooking is out of the world .your sister,wangdan,is very kind-hearted.not only did she help us wash clothes,but also helped make the bed.

the trip was great getting together with you two once again.dont forget the invitation to pop in on me the next time youre in beijing.

thanks again..and say hello to your sister.

all my best,

li ming

学舌与思考，

一天，人逗鹦鹉玩——

人说：“我会走。”

鹦鹉说：“我会走。”

人说：“我会跳。”

鹦鹉说：“我会跳。”

人说：“我会飞。”

鹦鹉说：“我会飞。”

人大笑：“我有笼子关你，你除了会跟我学舌还会什么？你什么都不会。”

鹦鹉落寞无言。

又一天，人逗鹦鹉玩——

人说：“我会走。”

鹦鹉说：“我会走。”

人说：“我会跳。”

鹦鹉说：“我会跳。”

人说：“我会飞。”

鹦鹉说：“你就会吹牛——你没有翅膀怎么飞翔？”

人大怒，一把捏住鹦鹉的脖子：“我捏死你这个乱说话的小东西。”

鹦鹉临被捏死前对同类语重心长地说：“记住我的教训，老老实实学舌，那样最多被嘲笑为人云亦云；但是说自己思考的话呢？看看我的下场吧。”

Last week,we were go to the Laohutan marine park fall camp.We saws dolphins、seals、whale sharks and hippocampus…Then we were go to the happy-theater.The host was very humor,the animals star was very lovely and very clever.Then we were go to a small garden,we were played very happy.Back home after I very excited.

现在，许多人都在埋怨网络时代的信息碎片，总怀念起旧时的情景，但其客观真相到底是怎样的呢？

的确，过量的信息，导致信息的爆炸，使人们对信息只是表面化，片面化的理解。反而使得人们没有了批判和思考的能力甚至使更多的人曾为人云亦云的庸人。当今鲜有人会为了读一篇文章，去买一本书，为了看一则新闻，而且买一份杂志。甚至要获得专业知识，而且买专业书籍的人也越来越少。因为我们只需输入关键词并搜索，无数的信息就会蜂拥而至。答案与结论的得到太方便了。大量的阅读和思考成为不必要的劳累，这也是浮躁社会急于求成的一种表现。

结果就是，静心读书，深入思考的人越来越少。许多经典著作被束之高阁，快餐文化盛行，人也变得越来越肤浅，这些现象引起了不少人的担忧。

从另一方面看，如果我们具有独立思考、不受干扰看问题的能力，这些多样的信息碎片可真是帮了我们的大忙。仔细查看这些信息碎片，看不同的人在不同的角度思考问题，最终结合成一个独立的，完整的深入理解。那么说来，网络世界反而不是碎片化，而是有关联之处，隐藏着完整现象，经过思考后最终会揭晓，在这个讲究高效率的时代。信息的极速传递是一个必然的现象。我们更不能过于急躁，还是要多多思考。网络信息时代尚还处于在蓬勃发展的初期阶段，网络世界的大门已经完全向我们敞开。它会将人类带入一个前所未有的世界，在更猛烈的信息冲击下，我们不能被同化，必须坚持思考，未来，随着信息与人工智能的发展，只能谋求创新与改变才能有更好的前景。独立思考者将改变这个世界，其重要性更是不言而喻。

时代的巨轮永不会停歇，固守旧观念终会被无情淘汰，只有独立思考，以新的眼光，抓住发展的机遇，在时代的潮流中才能实现发展、进步这亘古不变的主题。

dear xiaoming,

i’m so excited about my trip to xining. now i am writing to ask you for help. can you answer my questions? thanks!

first, what is the weather like in your city? does it snow a lot in winter? i need to have the right kinds of clothes and shoes. next, what kind of food do you ususally have in your family? finally, what festival do you have during my stay in xining? i will arrive on dec. 28 and leave on feb. 26. i hope there are more interesting things to do together with your family.

looking forward to hearing from you.

jennifer

随着人工智能的发展，人们一直对人工智能模拟人类思考是否能超越人类的议题争论不休，不少人对此心怀担忧。但苹果公司总裁库克却说他所担忧的恰恰是“人类像计算机一样思考”。这不禁引发了我们的思索：在我们如今这个崇尚理智、强调规则的时代，我们是否的确忽视了人性中的也尤为宝贵的情感，而一味沉浸于计算机式的思考中呢？

现在我们可以看到，社会上有太多的人已经失去了对生活细腻情感的感受，他们接触了太多理科、工科的专业知识，以至于习惯了将数据、公式代入生活；或是执着于一板一眼的固定模式，不想也不能为生活带来新意。可我们计算机式的思考还不仅于此，在许多方面带来了更影响深远的后果。

还记得去年宁波动物园虎吃人事件引发的激烈讨论。一男子逃票入园，翻越动物园多道警示线，结果误入虎园，因未救援及时不幸身死。网民们同情有之，感叹有之，可最多的人则是大骂其“活该”，更有甚责怪他害老虎被射杀。的确，该男子违反规则的行为是导致他悲剧的主因，可大众的态度实在让人心惊。比起违反规则的话题我们对于生命的冷漠显得更加突出，人们倾向于用标准来衡量对错，却对于人本能的同情心不屑一顾，对于一条生命的逝去吝惜得只给予一句“活该”。

这样的思考方式是一种价值观、同情心的缺失，这无疑会导致我们内心世界的冰冷无情，是对人类天性的灭杀。如果推及到整个社会，每个人都如同一台计算机一般，只知道对错利弊，而对情感充满冷漠，人与人之间很难不出现隔阂，不同群体间也会存在不理解，矛盾会无可避免地爆发。这难道是我们希望看到的吗？

我们可能已经习惯了许多的灾难、战争报道中的一个个数字，对很多人来说也仅仅只是数字，无论十个、百个、千个或是上万，这在他心中也难以分出什么区别。而面对自己的生活，也同样只注重利益，罔顾生命、情感，把自己的一生也过成了加加减减的利益换算，那么即使家财万贯，人生也还是苍白单调。

我们应该警惕这种计算机式的思考，它让我们忽视对人生情感的关注，还让我们站在缺失价值观、同情心的立场上成为冷漠的机器，利益至上而最终虚度人生，更让自私冷漠成为社会的主基调，危害所有人的生命体验。

The Culture of China is home to one of the worlds oldest and most complex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, commonalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confucianism and Taoism. Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial Chinas history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.

With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected Chinas cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures.

China is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups. Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family. Because the Han people accounts for more than ninety percent of Chinas population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as "ethnic minorities." Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur peoples comprise the largest ethnic groups. Although Chinas ethnic minorities do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over a vast area, residing in every corner of China.

Particularly since the implementation of Chinas opening and reform policy, the central government has increased investment in minority areas and accelerated their opening to the outside world. This has resulted in an upsurge of economic development in these areas. Each of Chinas ethnic minority groups possesses a distinctive culture. The Chinese government respects minority customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of Chinas ethnic minority groups. The government vigorously supports the development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers, and fosters the development of traditional minority medicine.

The relation among Chinas ethnic groups can be described as "overall integration, local concentration, mutual interaction." Concentrations of ethnic minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among Chinas ethnic groups since ancient times. With the development of the market economy, interaction among ethnic groups has become even more active in the areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage. Linked by interdependence, mutual assistance, and joint development, their common goals and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, Chinas ethnic groups resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.

五、请假条请假条要说明请假的原因和请假的期限。Sick leave 病假

例文：

例子2

Dear Sir or Madam:

Dear Mr Li/Miss Li/Mrs Li,

I beg to apply for two days’ leave/a week’s leave/7 days’ leave of absence （请假） from the 7th to 8th of this week. Because I was ill, I want to return/go home to see the doctor.

To support my application, I herewith/enclose the sick leave certificate.

? I should be very much obliged if you will grant me my application. As regards the lesson to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make them up as soon as I get back from leave.

Yours respectfully,

Li Min

例子3：

Dear Ms Wang,

I beg to apply for seven days’ leave /one week’s leave of absence from the 4th to 10th of this month. Because my father is seriously ill now, so I want to return home to see him.

To support my application, I enclose the fax my sister sent. Yours respectfully, Li Fei

My father, Winston Churchill, began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he was deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war. But when the mission failed, with great loss of life, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately. He was removed from the admiralty and effectively sidelined.

Overwhelmed by the catastrophe — “I thought he would die of grief,” said his wife, Clementine —he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey. There, as Churchill later recalled, “The muse of painting came to my rescue!”

Wandering in the garden one day, he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolors. He watched her for a few minutes, then borrowed her brush and tried his hand. The muse had cast her spell!

Churchill soon decided to experiment with oils. Delighted with this distraction from his dark broodings, Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints she could find.

For Churchill, however, the next step seemed difficult as he contemplated with unaccustomed nervousness the blameless whiteness of a new canvas. He started with the sky and later described how “very gingerly I mixed a little blue paint on the palette, and then with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean upon the affronted snow-white shield. At that moment the sound of a motor car was heard in the drive. From this chariot stepped the gifted wife of Sir John Lavery .”

“ ‘Painting!’ she declared. ‘But what are you hesitating about? Let me have the brush — the big one.’ Splash into the turpentine, wallop into the blue and the white, frantic flourish on the palette, and then several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely cowering canvas.”

At that time, John Lavery— a Churchill neighbor and celebrated painter— was tutoring Churchill in his art. Later, Lavery said of his unusual pupil: “Had he chosen painting instead of statesmanship, I believe he would have been a great master with the brush.”

In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of the years that remained to him. After the war, painting would offer deep solace when, in 1921, the death of the mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine’s beloved three-year-old daughter, Marigold. Battered by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland, finding comfort in his painting. He wrote to Clementine: “I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with crimson and golden hills in the background. Alas I keep feeling the hurt of the Duckadilly (Marigold’s pet name).”

Historians have called the decade after 1929, when the Conservative government fell and Winston was out of office, his wilderness years. Politically he may have been wandering in barren places, a lonely fighter trying to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler, but artistically that wilderness bore abundant fruit. During these years he often painted in the South of France. Of the 500-odd canvases extant, roughly 250 date from 1930 to 1939.

Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life. “Happy are the painters,” he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime, “ for they shall not be lonely. Light and color, peace and hope, will keep them company to the end of the day.” And so it was for my father.

我的父亲，温斯顿·丘吉尔，在他四十多岁时开始迷恋上绘画，当时环境异常恶劣。那是在1915年，任海军大臣的他，积极投身于在达达尼尔海峡的一场战役中，这场战役本可以缩短那段血雨腥风的世界大战。但由于遭受失败，伤亡惨重，丘吉尔于公于私都付出了代价。他被从海军部调离且实则坐起了冷板凳。

在灾难的折磨下——他的妻子克莱门廷说：“我想他会痛苦而死，”——他携家带口来到萨利郡的一处乡间静居霍·华姆。在那儿，丘吉尔后来回忆道，“是绘画中的冥思拯救了我！”

一天他在花园散步时，偶然看到他的弟媳在用水彩作画。他观察了几分钟，然后向她借了画笔并一试身手。他的专注仿佛给他施了魔法！

丘吉尔很快就决定试试去画油画。看到他从阴暗的忧郁思中解脱出来，克莱门廷非常开心，她赶忙去买所有能买到的颜料。

然而，迈出下一步似乎有些困难，因为丘吉尔看到一块新画布的洁白无暇时感到无所适从和为难。他先从天空画起，后来他描述如何“非常谨慎地在调色板上加入一点儿蓝色调，然后以万分的小心，在这块被蓄意冒犯的雪白的防护板上点上豌豆大的一笔。这时，传来一阵驾驶机动车的马达声。约翰·拉威利先生才华出众的太太从这辆车中姗然而下。

“‘在画画呀！’她高声说着。‘可你还在犹豫什么呢？给我那支笔——那支头号的。’只见松油飞溅，她在蓝白颜料间挥毫泼墨，在调色板上龙飞凤舞，接着在吓得发皱的油画布上用力东戳西捣几下蓝色。”

那时，约翰·拉威利——丘吉尔的邻居，也是一位有名的画家—正教丘吉尔学画。后来提及他的这位特殊的学生，拉威利说：“倘若他选择绘画而不是从政，我相信他会是位绘画大师的。”

在绘画中，丘吉尔找到了能陪他度过余生大部分时光的知已。战后，在1921年，母亲刚去世两个月，他和克莱门廷就失去了他们深爱着的三岁女儿玛丽戈尔德，这时作画给了他一些安慰。在痛苦的打击下，温斯顿来到苏格兰朋友们的家中以求得安慰，用绘画来解脱自己。他在给克莱门廷的信中说：“我出外画了一条夕阳下美丽的溪流，背后映衬着晚霞的群山。唉，达克迪莉（玛丽戈尔德的昵称）使我的苦痛总是挥之不去。

史学家把1929年后的十年，也就是保守党政府垮台而温斯顿下台的时间，称为他的荒凉岁月。政治上，他一直在举步维艰的处境中徘徊，是一个孤独的勇士在努力唤起受到希特勒威胁的国人，但在艺术上他在那荒凉岁月却硕果累累。这些年他经常在法国南部作画。在现存的500多张油画中，大约250张是1930至1939年间的作品。

绘画给丘吉尔带来了乐趣直到他的人生尽头。在他所著的《画中的消遣》里说：“画家其乐融融，因为他们不会孤独。光与色，和平与希望，会始终伴随他们。”我父亲就是这样一个人。

[温斯顿·丘吉尔:生活侧记-名人传记英文故事