英语论文摘要格式规范标准(热门20篇)

Tennis is the world’s third sport, it ranks after football and basketball.

Every year, a lot of audience keeps their eyes on the four grand slam

championships. It is known to all that Wimbledon has the oldest history and the

tennis players treat it as the greatest honor to win it. This year, the local

player Murray won it again.

The famous male tennis players are Big 4. They almost won all the important

championships during the last ten years. But Murray was in the awkward situation

though he was one of the Big 4, he never won the grand slam, what’s more, people

in England put so much hope on him to win Wimbledon Championship. When Murray

made it he cried out and felt relieved.

When the second time he won, he cried out again though he did not have so

much pressure as before. The fans knew that he had a hard time after his first

great honor, people started to qustioned about his ability. But he proved

himself again.

Every player has his honor hour and the bad time, the more important is to

never give up, then honor will come again.

I am a college student, this is my fourth year in the college, which means

that I will graduate soon. Nowadays, many of my classmates have taken the action

to find the job interview, while I tell myself to calm down, actually, I have no

idea about my future, so I haven’t taken the action.

When the graduate season comes, students have to worry about their jobs,

for me, I have many annoyances, first, I don’t know which city should I go. On

the one hand, I want to stay in the present city that I live, because I have

many college students here, I can fight my career with them, we can also take a

drink when we have time. But on the other hand, if I want to stay in this city,

it means I have to be far away from home. I want to stay with my family, my

parents want to see me and I want to accompany them, working at my hometown is a

perfect idea for me. Now I still don’t know how to choose, once I have made the

decision, I have to give up something.

Before I make the best choice for me, i won’t find the job interview.

In the last several decades, our earth has been extremely polluted, such as

air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and so on. In recent years, the

extreme weather becomes more and more frequent. Winter gets colder and summer

becomes hotter and it rains more frequently. All of these warn us that

protecting the environment is a serious and emergent event. As our general

people, we should build proper lifestyle. We should pay attention to water and

light saving. When we go out, we should firstly choose the public

transportation. The most important is that we must realize that we can do a lot

of things to protect our environment. Its our duty to make our home better.

Let’s change from ourselves.

My sister was fond of traveling. Ever since graduating, she had been

determined to organize a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was

expensive, she decided to use a bicycle to cycle there not caring about the

disadvantages. Her stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Once she made

up her mind to do something, no one could persuade her to change her mind.

Finally, we gave in as usual though we preferred to take a train. After we

prepared everything, including the schedule, reliable weather forecast and the

insurance, we began our trip.

Our journey was along a river flowing from a high altitude. Our pace was

slow because the river frequently had many sharp bends through deep valleys,

where the water seemed to boil. Just as I recorded in my journal, it was really

a hard journey. But we also enjoyed great views. One night, I put my head on my

pillow--a parcel of wool coats, and lay beneath the stars. When the flame in

front of our cave went out at midnight, I found the sky so beautiful!

when we think of halloween, we think of "trick or treat", pumpkins, jack o lanterns, vampires and haunted houses.

but do you know the origin of halloween? why does it fall on 31 october? what kind of festival is it? why is it so creepy?

halloween dates back to a celtic festival called samhain. november 1 is the new year of the celts, who lived in europe more than a thousand years ago. this is the day which marked the end of summer and harvest.

the celts believed that on the night of october 31, ghosts of the dead would return to earth. the celts celebrated samhain by dressing up in costumes with animal heads and having bonfires.

many celts settled in britain and ireland, where the festival became popular. those who moved to america took the tradition with them.

nowadays, most people celebrate halloween but only for fun. they are not worried about ghosts.

kids in america will dress up as devils or angels and will go from house to house calling "trick or treat", playing mischievous tricks and getting sweets.

americans spend more money on halloween than christmas! in xx, more than hk$45 billion was spent on halloween. and hk$15 billion of that was spent on candy alone!!!

kids in britain also dress up at halloween. they visit houses, sing songs or tell a joke to get sweets. many go to halloween parties and play games like "ducking for apples". you must pick up an apple in water but you can only use your mouth. try it!

黄帝创业垂千古，仓圣造字鬼神惊。辟开荒昧惊天地，中华文明著先声。

——题记

或许每一个观看过汉字书写的人都会想像徜徉在夏天夜晚的星空下一般，为那壮丽的景色而迷醉。墨色于宣纸上染开，笔锋由浓转淡，一提一放之间，可以聆听到来自云水深处的曼妙。在我看来，有无限再生活力和奇特魅力中国汉字书法，为我们中国的文化锦上添花，弘扬了中国传统文化。

汉字书法以翩若惊鸿之态，修身养性。一提一放之间，书法对一个人的专注力，耐力的培养有不可替代的作用。今天许多青少年热衷于看韩剧、看美国大片，听流行歌曲，养成了许多不良习惯和塑造了不良思想。我想，如果能够引导青少年学习书法，在书法中投入足够的学习和关注，那么沉迷网络、恐怖暴力等种种发生在青少年身上不良现象也许会减少许多。正所谓“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”，书法所需要的耐心和静心练习，不正培养了处在这个凡尘浮世中青少年的专注力吗?

汉字书法以婉若游龙之态，悟人生哲学。笔锋由浓转淡，这不正是如人生一般吗?鲜衣怒马少年时，如浸满墨的笔一般，壮志凌云，空白的人生书卷正等着书写。随着时间的推移，笔墨变淡，可能勾勒出不好的形态，犹如人生遭遇低谷，就像王国维人生三境界中的“独上高楼，望尽天涯路”。但最终，人生会走出低谷，会重新提笔染墨，会明白“蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处”。

汉字书法以荣曜秋菊之态，弘扬中国传统文化。汉字书法是古代先贤智慧的传承，是中华传统文化的体现。如今以经济发展为中心的中国，文化软实力也不能忽视。汉代杨雄说“书乃心画”。的确,每一幅书法精品都是作者技法的妙用、雄才的挥洒、大智的奔涌、高怀的展现,是作者心智运行的印迹。临摹书法的过程不正带领我们去感受了古代先贤创造字体的智慧，去领略中国传统文化吗?更多的人去学习中国书法，那么就有更多的人去了解中国传统文化，更多的人去弘扬中国传统文化。

“其形也，翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙。荣曜秋菊，华茂春松”。曹植以它形容宓妃，而我觉得这句话同样适宜汉字书法。养浩然之气,积渊博之才,得天地灵性,纳万物菁华,妙发灵机,书法创造我们大同之境的同时，也让中国传统文化更加深入人民的生活中，思想中，行动中。少年自有少年狂，身似骄阳万丈光，敢将日月再丈量，今朝唯我少年郎。因此作为青少年的我们更应该去学习汉字书法，传承中华传统文化，弘扬中华传统文化，才能让自己走向更好的未来，让以我们为希望的中国走向更好的未来。

I like to make friends, I can share my happiness and sorrow with friends.

Friends are very important part of our lives, without them, I will be very

lonely. I learn it when I was very small. It was Friday, I went to school to

join the English contest, before I went into the classroom, I found I did not

bring the admission card, I felt so worried, without admission card, I could not

walk into the classroom. My friend Li looked at me and asked me what happened, I

told him the truth, then he asked me to stay here and he rushed to our

classroom. Ten minutes later, he came back with my admission card. I was so

thankful, friends are very important.

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the

world.But

I dont think so. In my opinion, to read books is more valuable than

anything else.

The old saying “To open a book is always helpful” clearly tells us how good

it is to read a book.

Books are our friends. They introduce us different kinds of knowledge. They

lead us down the road to success.

Books are our teachers. They teach us troth, science, literature, and

philosophy of life. Besides, they increase our knowledge, enlarge our

experience,strengthen our character and do many other things which we can not do

without them.

Books tell us what is good and what is evil. And only books can tell the

good from the bad.

Therefore to read more books is the best policy for our young students.

The advent of modern technology brings a substantial impact on the whole

world. It not only boosts the economy, but also changes the people’s conception

on the world. It also increases global communication among countries. In my

opinion, modern technology is creating a single world culture in that such

technology as computer and internet is bringing people together and making the

world get smaller.

First of all, modern technology promotes the globe to frequently use one

language. The invention of computers and Internet promotes English to be a

global language and dominate in the communication worldwide. Since language is

the agent of culture, the worldwide use of English fosters more and more minds

thinking alike.

Besides, the development of the internet brings people’s life style into

uniform. The availability of Internet makes people have a lot in common, such as

access to information, online shopping or payment. People from all over the

world are doing the same thing each day on the Internet, and their living habit

is becoming closer and closer with each passing day.

Based on the points discussed above, it is obvious that modern technology

is creating a single world culture.

May 12th, 2008. That’s the most mournful day for our Chinese that will

never be forgotten, because a horrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan, which

caused tens of thousands of children’s death.

On hearing the news, I felt so sorrowful. “Why was the god so cruel to

them?” I asked. They were still at the entrance of the life. They seemed like

little eagles that were willing to open their wings and hover in the sky. Maybe

they would have their brilliant future. What a great loss to our nation! I had

my deepest sympathy on the people in the disastrous area. So I donated some

money and clothes to them. And I also prayed for the dead people sincerely. I

eagerly hope that there would be no earthquakes in the future, so that we could

live a more peaceful life.

My name is Beth. Im 14 years old, and I study in No. 1 Middle School of

Hangzhou. My school is very big and beautiful. Im very happy in the school.

I usually get up at 6:15 in the morning. Then I do morning exercises in the

playground. At 6:40, I have my breakfast. You can see many students and teachers

in the dinning room. After breakfast, I often read English with my

classmates.

We have six classes every day. The first class begins at 7:50 am. I like

all the classes for my teachers can make the classes lively and interesting. My

favorite subject is English, so I join English Corner every week. I can speak

English with many other students there. Its very interesting and exciting. I

think its helpful for me to learn English well. After class, I always play

games with my friends. We play soccer ball,basketball, volleyball, ping-pong and

so on. They are very relaxing.

I like my lessons, my friends and my teachers. In a word, I love my school.

I find my school life more and more meaningful and colorful. My school life is

wonderful, isnt it?

Almost all people work hard for success, but not all people can success.

Many people ask how to make success. I think the answer is persistence. The way

to success is full of failure and difficulty. People should never give up when

meet them. If you give up, you can’t be successful. No matter how hard it is,

persistence must be there.

Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes. The Internet

helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can express their feelings

and opinions more freely, and even get help with their foreign language

studies.

Others, however, think students should not. They say making friends on line

is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides,

some students, get cheated on line.

It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety

before other, things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our

classmates and other people around us.

Sunflowers

向日葵

A sunflower is a kind of beautiful and useful plant. Its face is round and golden, looks like the sun. Thats why people call it sunflowers.

向日葵时一种美丽而有用的植物。它的脸时圆形，金黄色，看上去像太阳，这就是为什么人们叫它为“向日葵”。

It faces the sun all the time during the day. When autumn comes, sunflower fruit is ripe. People like eating them in their free time. Whats more, people can also make oil from them.

在白天它一直面朝太阳。秋天到来时，葵花籽熟了。人们在休闲时喜欢吃葵花籽。而且，人们还用葵花籽榨油。

A sunflower brings us not only beauty but also delicious seeds.

向日葵不仅给我们带来了美，而且提供了好吃的葵花籽。

Oscar Golden Statuettes is short for Academy Award, which is awarded by

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It begins in 1928 and hold once a

year in the United States of Los Angeles Hollywood. It’s aim is to encourage the

creation and development of outstanding movie. It enjoys a good reputation more

than half a century. It is not only the most important activity for American

film industry, but also attracted world attention. The Oscar Award and the other

three European International Film Festivals are regarded as the four worlds

most important film award.

2013 is the eighty-fifth Oscar Award. China Taiwan director Ang Lee won the

best director award again by "Life of Pi". Ben Afflecks "Escape from Tehran"

won three awards including best picture. Daniel Day-Lewis won the best actor

with "Lincoln", who has broke the record being the movie king three times. Anne

Hathaway relyed on the "Les Miserables " got the best supporting actress award.

Jennifer Laurence won the best actress award for "The Silver Linings Playbook"

and became the first new person got Oscar prize of the generation after 90s. The

movie "Amour" won the award for best foreign language film without suspense.

“Brave” won the animated feature film. “Searching for Sugar Man” won the best

documentary award.

It is worth mentioning that as the Chinese film market is expanding, the

attention of Hollywood movie circle to China is increasing day by day. The Oscar

awards are also emerging Oriental elements. This year the Chinese star Fan

Bingbing has been invited to walk the red carpet before the award ceremony.

1摘要的定义与三类摘要的写法

国际标准ISO214-1976指出：摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论。中国国家标准规定：摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要是读者判断论文价值，判断论文是否值得阅读的依据。会议所征摘要是决定是否录用全文的依据。写好摘要是科技人员写作所必备的基本功。如果一篇内容价值较高的英语论文,其摘要写得平平淡淡，不能体现论文的特点和学术价值，将带来一系列不利影响：失去被刊载的机会，需要本文的读者不会阅读全文,从而失去应有的学术影响;对中文期刊论文而言,难以进入国际检索系统等。

摘要分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要、报道—指示性摘要、结构性摘要等种类。学术期刊多采用报道性摘要，特别是试验研究和有定量数据的论文。对新内容较少，或数据少的论文用指示性摘要或报道—指示性摘要。摘要的内容一般由3部分组成：研究目的,研究方法,研究结果或结论。中文摘要一般200-300字,外文摘要字数不超过250个实词。摘要的详简程度和篇幅大小根据具体情况及要求而定，如期刊论文摘要、会议征稿摘要、博士学位论文摘要的差别很大。期刊论文摘要通常位于署名和单位地址之后。

1.1 报道性摘要

报道性摘要要求反映作者的主要成果,提供比较完整的定量及定性信息。篇幅一般为200-300字。示例如下：

示例1： (题名：BiSrCaCuO高温超导纤维)

采用激光加热小基座法(LHPG)成功地制备出BiSrCaCuO超导纤维。它性能稳定,工艺可重复性高。纤维最大长度达60mm，直径范围35-500um，其中细径纤维有挠性。超导纤维的起始转变温度为118K,零电阻温度为87K，临近电流密度为2.5kA/cm2 (77K,H=0,直流电流量)。纤维中超导相(2212相)，显微结构有典型的取向性。纤维的超导电性与其生长条件及后处理过程密切相关。首次指出，a轴平行于纤维的轴向。

示例2：(篇名: 约瑟夫森结Alx-Al隧道势垒的实验研究)

通过X光电子能谱、阳极氧化电压谱和FISKE台阶电压的测量，研究了约瑟夫森结中ALOX-AL隧道势垒。发现结的隧道势垒最佳沉积AL层厚度为7nm，AL上形成了ALOX厚度只取决于氧化条件，与沉积AL厚无关，势垒AL氧化物可能含有一个像ALOOH态的OH基团。

1.2 指示性摘要

指示性摘要的目的是使读者对论文有一个概括的了解，适用于新内容较少，或数据少的论文。篇幅一般为50-100字。示例如下：

示例1: (题名 ：冷轧槽楔外端与摩擦影响的定量分析)

建立了与Avitzuer不同的连续速度场，经变上限积分与参量积分求的槽楔冷轧变形力上界解解，并侧重定量的讨论了外端与摩擦对变形力的影响。

示例2: (题名 ：白薯线虫的防治)

对密西西比州种植的白薯由于根节线虫所引起的问题作了讨论,叙述了1967年由蔬菜收获分公司实验站所进行的商品熏剂和杀虫剂的试验。对行间撒播的施用方法作了比较。列出了包括商品杀线虫剂vorlex、DOW WV W─85、DD和试验的固体杀线虫剂68 138及Dasanit的试验结果。

示例3： (题名：湘江水体中硒的分布)

[目的] 为给综合防治污染提供一定依据,对湘江水体中硒的分布进行了探讨。

[方法] 在湘江上游兴安县至洞庭湖的河口采集了28个底泥样品, 用气相色谱法进行分析。

[结果] 结果表明:湘江底泥已受到不同程度的污染,其中有些硒含量超过本底值数的十倍甚至百倍,大多数样品中硒含量较一般土壤和底泥为高。还分析了污染严重的霞湾港水样，结果表明此段江水中硒含量尚不高，在地面水最高容许浓度范围内。

1.3 报道—指示性摘要

报道—指示性摘要是对论文中价值最高部分内容采用报道性摘要，其余部分以指示性摘要报道。篇幅一般为100-200字。

示例1: (题名：柴油机燃用棉籽油的试验研究)

介绍了不经任何改装的S195型柴油机燃用棉籽油与柴油混合油或纯棉籽油的试验研究情况。结果表明，燃用棉柴混合油或纯棉籽油时，发动机性能良好，无异常现象;适当调整供油提前角、加大循环供油量，可以达到原机功率，而且烟度有所下降。还分析了S195型柴油机在试验工况下的燃烧特性和放热规律。

2 写作中的常见问题

要有摘要与论文分离单独出版的写作思想，对随文摘要，不要认为“全文在后边”，编写摘要可简单、随便。

应用“用(采用)...方法”、“报告了...现状”、“进行了...调查”等记述方法编写摘要。即，要用第三人称编写，不要用第一、二人称编写，不要用“本文”、“我们”、“作者”、 “THIS PAPER"、"THIS ARTICLES"等作为主语。

不用图表、示意图、公式、结构式和非公用的符号和术语。

要采用规范化的名词术语、缩略语、略语、代号、法定计量单位、简化字和标点符号。

避免与标题和引言在用词上明显重复，忌罗列正文中目次，小标题和段落标题，或结论部分的文字。

要排除在本学科领域已成为常识的内容和教材中已有的东西。

除非该论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作,否则不必引用。

不要作自我评价。如：本文以变量代换为工具,利用高等代数的知识,证明了齐线性微分方程组的降阶定理,给出了一种实际的解题方法。因此，这个结论的证明不仅具有一定的理论意义，而且在解题过程中也具有重要的指导意义。

不要对题名等进行注解。如论文“分类指导重点突破加速农机化步伐”的摘要写成：农机化是农业生产力发展到一定阶段的必然过程,是现代农业的产物,在我国它的发展只能与农村经济发展水平相适用。因此分类指导即根据不同经济力、生产组织形式和现实物质技术条件，进行有效地指导、协调、组织带层次性的农机化生产。重点突破即在提高经济效率的前提下，在“化”水平上有所突破。

3 成功写作摘要的要点

摘要写作成功的诀窍是突出新贡献，并使之尖锐化。用精辟语句使新东西出现在摘要的突出位置。所谓新贡献包括:新技术、新理论、新方法、新观点、新规律、纠正前人错误、解决争议、补充和发展前人成果等。有的作者常常不在摘要中体现重要的研究成果，而到论文的后部分经分析推论等才指明，这是错误的观点和写作方式。

使自己新贡献尖锐化。即区别他人工作和自己新贡献不同之处(如:“想法”、“设想”和“已给出数学定义、模型”等的区别)，使之分离，使自己新东西尖锐化。新贡献不要多谈，要精辟。不能模棱两可，让读者去分析作者的贡献“新”在何处。而应指出来让读者看。但不能自我评价。

Nowadays, with the development of technology, many young people stay

indoors and play computer all the time. Especially for those who stay up very

late or go out to play for fun until midnight, then they wake up at noon the

next day. This is the unhealthy lifestyle, and they need to make some

changes.

First, having regular break time and enough sleep is the basic way to keep

healthy. Some young people hang out for fun after work. They need to release

their pressure and have fun with their friends. They go home very late and then

next day get up, preparing to work. In the long run, they not only have low

efficiency, but also damage their bodies.

Second, keep the balanced diet. Most people are picky about food. They only

choose the food they like and lose the balance of nutrition. For most kids, they

like to have meat and refuse of the vegetables and fruit. It is not good for the

growth of their bodies.

The healthy lifestyle helps people live the harmonious life. Besides having

enough sleep and keeping balance diet, taking exercise is also in need.

When I go to school, my teachers teach me a lot of knowledge and show me

the way to explore the world. I admire my teachers so much, so I have made up my

mind to be a teacher when I grow up. It is always my dream. I must work hard to

realize my dream. From now on, I need to make the plan.

结果和结论部分代表着论文的主要成就和贡献，英语毕业论文有没有价值，值不值得读者阅读，主要取决于你所获得的结果和所得出的结论。因此，在写作结果和结论部分时，一般都要尽量结合实验结果或仿真结果的图、表、曲线等来加以说明，使结论部分言之有物，有根有据;同时，对那些看不懂中文的英文读者来说，通过这些图表，结合英文摘要的说明就可以比较清楚地了解论文的结果和结论。也只有这样，论文的结论才有说服力。如有可能，在结尾部分还可以将论文的结果和他人最新的研究结果进行比较，以突出论文的主要贡献和创新、独到之处(回答 What is new and original in this paper)。

Every day, we can see the figures of the volunteers. Actually, they have

formed a kind of scenery of the city. Some people hold that volunteering is

merely a waste of time, because the volunteers have no gains with pains.

However, I believe that doing voluntary is quite rewarding.

In the first place, we can put into practice what we have learnt before,

for instance, when we were asked by a foreigner about the way to some place, we

could practice our oral foreign language, it’s definitely a good opportunity to

express ourselves in a foreign language correctly and clearly.

In the second place, we could make a lot of new friends while we are

volunteering As a proverb says, “At home one relies on one’s parents and outside

on one’s friends”, so it is never a bad thing to have lots of friends.

Finally, helping others is a good way to make you feel happy and when you

help others solve a problem successful, you will feel fulfillment. In this

sense, we reap a bountiful spiritual harvest by doing voluntary work.

On the whole, we can benefit a lot by engaging ourselves in the voluntary

work. Therefore, I suggest those that have abundant spare time registering as

volunteers for the welfare for the public.

Today, I am very happy! Because its the Dragon Boat Festival today! No matter where you go, you can ask for a smell of zongzi. The streets, everywhere to buy dumplings: a small meat meat, meat, egg yolk, meat dumplings, dumplings red dates......

When asked about the fragrance of zongzi, I realized that I was hungry. "Dad! Give me a big meat!" I said. "I want it too, I want it, too!" My sister said. " Dad said, "OK!" Ok! One person, all right. " "Eee!" I said to my sister.

"Well, hmmm! This is delicious, this one is delicious! " I, mom and dad and sister repeatedly praised. Mom said, "now you eat too much, do you want to eat at noon?" I said, "hee - hee, see it at noon." "Its no way to take you!" Linda! Ha ha! " After eating, we went to play badminton.

How happy today it is! I like the Dragon Boat Festival! Oh Yeah!