以说明文的方式写作文（通用2篇）

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。

按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型

1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法

1.例证法

Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.

这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。

2.定义法

An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldnt be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.

本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。

3.分类法

As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.

本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和温和派(moderate people),并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。

4.因果关系法

Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.

第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。

5.比较对照法

I like having a twin sister. When shes happy, Im happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what shes going to say. Sometimes, I know what shes thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.

这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。

6.过程分析法

There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.

这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally)的使用加强了语句的连贯性。

Exercises

例１ 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤，写一篇短文，说明他是任何学会骑自行车的．

参考词汇： handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座

Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.

例2

请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁．

内容提示如下：

1. 在售票处（booth)购买辅币（token)需30便士．

2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔（slot)，你就可以走下地铁．

3. 在站台等车时，要站在白线以外．注意你要去的方向．不要站错站台．

4. 上下车应迅速，因为车门关闭很快．地铁内规定不准吸烟．

注意：短文的意思要连贯． 字数：100个左右．

If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.

例3

家用电脑体积下，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏． 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机；为将来寻找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数百倍；我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助． 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文． 字数120左右．

A Family Computer

A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by

computers.

例 4

请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文，说明保护森林的必要性．

1. 说明树木的主要用途：提供木材；吸水，防止水灾，旱灾；净化空气，美化生活．

2. 滥伐树木的危害；无计划砍伐造成水土流失，土壤沙化，造成水灾．

3. 每年都应植树造林，使其为人类更好服务等等．

字数：100左右．

As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.

Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.

We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.

例 5

根据下表格提供的信息，请你推荐两本学中文的词典．

Dear Steve,

I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.

Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.

Yours, Li Yua

一、引言式导入即用形象生动的语言直接引导学生进入课文。

这种导入法运用最为广泛，大多数说明文都可运用。不妨就以《苏州园林》为例，教师这样导入：俗话说“上有天堂，下有苏杭”，杭州以山水闻名，而苏州则以园林见长。“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”，便是最好的概括。苏州园林是我国园林建筑中的一朵奇葩，它以园林数量众多，布局别具匠心，建筑巧夺天工，景致变化多端，吸引着众多的中外游客。它的风采或被摄影家收入镜头，或被文学家写进诗文。今天我们就一起来学习叶圣陶先生写的《苏州园林》，请同学们注意把握苏州园林的总体特征，学习谋篇布局的技巧，体会叶老遣词造句的匠心。这样，经过精心设计，很自然地把学生引入苏州园林的情景之中。

二、直观式导入即把挂图、标本、模型等教学用具直接展示在学生眼前，有条件的学校还可利用幻灯、录像等先进的教学工具，让学生对被说明的事物先有一个直观感受，然后导人课文。

这种导入法形象直观，一般适用于介绍建筑物或一些实物的说明文。下面，就以《万里长城的构造》为例。教师出示万里长城的教学挂图，要求学生观察后用自己的话按一定的顺序简明扼要地介绍长城的构造，教师根据学生的说明语言板书顺序，画出简明示意图，然后让学生打开课本看自读引导，了解说明顺序。进而阅读课文，体味课文说明条理的清晰性和说明语言的准确性。

三、提问式导入即先提出问题,让学生思考回答后,再导入课文。

以《中国石拱桥》为例，教师这样导入：在学习新课以前，我想提个问题，考一考同学们的记忆力，看哪位同学能准确地答上来。我们初一时学习了《中国历史》课本第1册，在“隋唐时期的文化”中讲到隋朝有一位杰出的工匠设计建造了著名的赵州桥，这座桥在中外桥梁史上有着重要的地位。这位杰出的工匠叫什么名字？赵州桥原名什么？这座桥有什么特点？请同学回答后，教师指出赵州桥是中国石拱桥中杰出的代表之作，历代有不少文人对它进行了描绘，今天，我们来看看著名的桥梁专家茅以升教授是如何来介绍这座桥的。

四、复习式导入即复习前面学过的与本课有关的内容，然后导入课文。

以《个园》为例。同学们前面学过了《苏州园林》，叶老在说明设计者和匠师们自出心裁、别具匠心地追求园林艺术使之构成一幅完美的图画时，强调了四个“讲究”，我想大家一定能如数家珍他说出来（请同学复述），这四个“讲究”涉及苏卅园林的亭台轩榭、假山池沼、花草树木和近景远景。今天，我们自学的《个园》写了扬州城内一处园林的主要景物。请同学们速读这遍课文，用自己的话说说“个园”名称的来历，园中主要有哪些景物？作者抓装个园”的什么特征来写的？