中国文化发展英语作文（通用20篇）

秦兵马俑是我国重要的历史文物，据说是杨培安老先生在挖井时无意中发现的。秦兵马俑位于西安的陵东的博物馆，它规模宏大，气势雄伟，目前已经发现了三个俑坑，其中一号俑坑最大，有50个篮球场那么大，出土的兵马俑有一千多个，估计共埋有六千多个兵马俑。古代认为

阴阳相通

，阴间和阳间是一样的，因此秦始皇在13岁登基时希望自己去世后能有一支强大的地下军队保护自己和自己的江山社稷，于是下令造了和真人一样大的兵马俑。可惜的是，许多出土的兵马俑已经破损了。

二号和三号俑坑虽然小了一些，但因为坑比较深，所以出土的陶俑相对比较完整。兵马俑不仅拥有宏大的规模，而且品种也十分繁多，将军俑身材魁梧，有的仰首视天，有的低头含额，好像在思考如何战胜敌手。

武士俑杀气腾腾;中级吏官俑忠心于怀;文官俑捻着胡须，好像下一秒就会诗兴大发;跪射俑单膝跪地，好像一箭射出去就会旗开得胜;那些小马驹儿，身材和真的马一般大小，那跃跃欲试的样子，好像一声令下就会腾空而起与敌人拼个你死我活。仔细观看，每个兵马俑五官、身材、神态都各不相同。据说，他们都是按照秦始皇军营里的将士们塑造出来的，难怪这样弱栩栩如生。规模宏大，威武端庄、种类繁多

秦兵马俑真是世界雕刻史上的一大壮举压。

Hi, Tony!

I’m glad that you will come to Beijing soon. There are many places of interest where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture in Beijing, but I’d like to take you to Nanluoguxiang.

First, we can take a walk along the lanes in Hutong to feel the architectural style of the old buildings like Siheyuan and local people’s way of life. Besides, you can have a talk with the residents to know more about the history about Hutong. What’s more, we can try all kinds of local foods on the way. And you can buy some paper cuttings as gifts for your friends. When we feel tired, it’s a good choice for us to go to a tea house. There, we can taste all kinds of Chinese tea and get a lot of knowledge about tea. Most importantly, we can watch Peking Opera while drinking tea, which is a typical art to reflect Beijing humanities features.

As for the reason why we go there, I think it can make you better experience traditional Chinese tea culture, the food culture and the characteristics of the old residence in Beijing.

I’m looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua

我国有着悠久的历史和文明，各种文化源远流长，茶文化就跟不用说了，茶，在我国有很悠久的历史。传说，炎帝神农尝百草后发现了茶，唐人陆羽曾著的《茶经》赫赫有名，告诉我们如何泡茶、品茶。并且你知道吗？茶还是世界三大不含酒精饮料之一呢。听到茶如此有名，我也忍不住来泡一泡、品一品茶了。

我先买了一包茉莉花茶，把细细的，干干的，又硬又长的干茶放入杯中，它们好像一群正在睡觉的蝴蝶，宽大的翅膀紧紧地裹着身子似的。我再把85度左右的开水倒入杯子里，水似风，茶似蝶，风把蝶摇醒，有的蝶在风中翩翩起舞；有的蝶在水面张望；还有的蝶是小懒虫，还在树上睡哩；过了一会，蝶飞累了，慢慢地回到了杯底睡觉去了。茶水也渐渐变黄。这时，茶泡好了，我轻轻把杯盖揭开，白白地水雾参杂着沁人心脾的茶香扑鼻而来，仿佛把我带到了仙境一般。看到如此景色，让我忍不住品尝。

我把茶杯放在手中，轻轻地喝了一口茶。嗯，微苦中带着一丝甘甜，甘甜里又带着一丝清凉，怪不得古人那么喜欢品茶呢！真好，我又喝了几小口，立刻清醒了很多，清凉、清静和清醒在我身边缭绕。

古人云：“人生如茶，茶如人生，先苦后甜，有苦有甜。”所以，我应该乐观地去学习和生活，因为只有克服生活中的挫折，才能赢得更多的鲜花和掌声。

This year is the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China! On October 1st, our whole family sit by the TV and waiting to watch early time big parade. At ten o clock, the National Day military parade formally started, only saw many soldiers standing in front of tian anmen, navy, air force, army... Stand straight, straight, like hits the forceful pine, President hus review. The parade shows the motherland strong defense force, peaceful country and safe people, the motherland prosperity of beautiful landscape. During the National Day, grandpa and I went to play in the humble admin istrators garden. The car on the road, I saw the window renmin bridge garlands made of flowers on both sides, in the sunshine more bright beautiful, make the atmosphere of the National Day more strong! Walk in the small street to the humble admini strators garden, see stalls on both sides of the street with a red flag with five stars, to express the affection to the motherland. Many foreign visitors to see the beautiful scenery heartfelt held out a thumb. In the humble admini strators garden is the chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum can be more color, yellow, red, white, colorful, beautiful! The National Day make me deeper understanding of the motherland; A profound feelings for the motherland also; Make me more love my motherland China! 中文翻译： 今年是新中国成立70周年!十月一日这天，我们全家早早的坐在电视机旁等待观看盛世大阅兵。 十点钟，国庆阅兵式正式开始了，只看见许多军人站在天安门前，有海军、空军、陆军……都站得笔直笔直的，像一棵棵挺拔的青松，接受主席的检阅。整个阅兵式展示了祖国雄厚的国防力量，国泰民安，祖国繁荣昌盛的美好景象。 国庆期间，我和爷爷去了拙政园玩。汽车在路上行驶着，我看见窗外人民桥两旁用鲜花做成的花环，在阳光下更加亮丽，使国庆的气氛更加浓厚了!走在通往拙政园的那条小街上，看到街的两旁的摊位都插着五星红旗，表达对祖国的深厚感情。许多外来游客看见了这么美的景色由衷的伸出了大拇指。拙政园里有菊花，菊花的颜色可多了，有黄色的、红的、白的，五彩缤纷的，美丽极了! 国庆节使我对祖国的了解更深了，对祖国的感情也更深厚了，使我更加热爱我的祖国中国!

当你在伦敦街头看见独具中国特色的黑头发黄皮肤时，你的心中是否会涌起久违的感动？

当你在路旁听那婉转悠扬的茉莉花时，你是否是否会想到故乡江南的吴侬软语，橹声咿呀？

当你手捧一份古籍，透过陈旧的书页，受到中华文化的芳香，你是否会升腾起莫名的冲动与敬畏？

中华文化是五彩缤纷的，他自五千年的历史走来，伴着长江黄河氤氲的水汽，涂染了炎黄子孙的色泽，古朴温润而又华丽，就如谦和低调的中国人一般，怎能不爱？

汉字，应该是沉稳敦厚的土黄色，这是华夏农耕文明的色彩，更是五千年历史的重色，汉字，自诞生之时，就是在黄色的土地上的一笔一画，方方正正，带着人们对土地的敬畏，亲近与热爱，汉字也记载了这黄色大地上的桩桩件件。一个字，便是一幅画，有结构对称的阴阳之美，有删繁就简的朴素之美，有灵巧俊逸的飘逸之美，汉字就这样成为了中华文化一脉相承的见证，他与这片土地一样，宽厚沉稳，厚重古朴。

古籍应该是深厚博大的蓝色，这是中华大地天空的色彩，更是囊括一切包容一切的象征，从古至今，古籍给我们印象最深的，就是那一本本蓝色的封面，和其中中流淌出的思想精髓，在这里我们的祖先发现了，天人合一，执着的追寻着臻于完美的最高境界，在这里诸子百家的思想碰撞出耀眼的光辉，吸引后世不断走在朝圣的路上，在这里一个个古典人物，自历史走出，给我们最大的启迪和智慧……五彩缤纷的中华文化，还有微微桃花色的桃花源，黑白相间的水墨画，大红的中国结和红蓝白黄的京剧脸谱，有人说中华文化是一条河，我们注定要在其下游土吸其芬芳，接受其哺养，绚丽的中华文化，怎能不爱？

如今时代的车轮不断的轮转，却有太多的传统文艺失去了它们缤纷的色泽，它能变得模糊而褪色，老地名与我们渐行渐远，传统节日越来越被淡忘，就连深入中国人血液的汉字，也陷入了提笔忘字的尴尬，我们呼唤高慧云一般的人物，他默默无闻，他宠辱不惊，却肩负起复兴中华文化的重任，他兢兢业业，他庄重肃穆，却未褪色的文化注入老鲜活的色彩，重获生机的中华文化啊，怎能不爱？

大风泱泱，大潮傍傍。

洪水图腾蛟龙，烈火涅磐凤凰，文明圣火，千五而未绝者，唯我无双，与天地共存，与日月同光，五彩缤纷的中华文化啊，且看今日华夏！

The difference between chinese and western culture

With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.

First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the

main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.

Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’ productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and

English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.

In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.

The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony many other Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether it

brings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.

The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’ aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the

society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.

When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.

We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.

So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible.

However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.

暑假里，我和爸爸妈妈到南京，游览了明孝陵。

明孝陵有两条神道。一条叫石象路神道，另一条叫翁仲路神道。

石象路神道有六种石兽，分别是马、麒麟、狮子、象、骆驼、獬豸。它们都是用整块巨石雕刻而成的，保卫着皇帝和皇后的灵魂。

翁仲路神道有文官和武将各四人。武将穿着铠甲，手里拿着兵器，上面的花纹非常精细。而文官像书生一样，非常有风度。

沿着长长的甬道，我们走进文武方门。里面有一块高大的石碑，上面刻着四个字：治隆唐宋。这是清朝康熙皇帝写的，意思是朱元璋治理国家超过了唐朝和宋朝。

接下来到了内红门，又叫阴阳门，导游说这道门隔开了阳间和阴间。顿时，我的心里充满了恐惧，紧紧地拽住妈妈的手。这道门有三个门口，可不能随便乱进哦!中间的门是墓主人走的，游人要从右边的门进去。抬脚也有讲究，要男左女右，不能踩到门槛。我拉着妈妈的手，小心翼翼地跨了进去。甬道两边腊梅正在开放，浓郁的香味向我扑来。我的心情放松了许多。

走过升仙桥，从方城中间的拱门走上去，有54级台阶，里面黑乎乎的，我的心又紧张起来，浑身变得僵硬，想赶紧逃掉。出了隧道，登上明楼，背面就是独龙阜，朱元璋和马皇后的墓就埋在这里。据说朱元璋很喜欢鹿，他觉得鹿很有灵气，就在独龙阜上放养了很多鹿，每只鹿脖子上都挂着一块玉，任何人都不能伤害它们，我觉得这些鹿过得好幸福哦!

游览明孝陵，我学到了很多历史、文化的知识。

Today, daddy leads me to buy the flower to the flower shop, I elected three to plant flowers: Fresh refined lily, warm moving carnation, what I most like is that posture myriad rose. In the flower shop rose has many kind of colors: The white like snow, the red elephant fire, yellow resembles the gold, flesh color like rosy cloud .I have chosen a most lovable purple-red rose. Gets in the home, I them in have in the water jar, sits before the table the careful observation rose. Roses stem very straight very straight, has the penstock to be so thick, on is also bringing several spinules. The bottle green leaf is the Chinese olive shape, also soft is also thin, the edge becomes the zigzag, the arteries is the forked arteries. It is an opening flower bud, the desire in bud puts it is similar to the charming charming young girl, the smiling face contains the spring, beautiful extremely. The second day early in the morning, I discovered the rose already split open the smiling face, a flowers small wine class, the flower petal slightly has become likely screw type splits open, but has not looked at the inside stamen and pistil. The rose seems beautiful and the rich charm, I draw close to it gently, inspired deeply! A light delicate fragrance greets the nostrils. The rose is the rose family plant, its ancestor is an everflowering rose, afterward was mixed with the wild rose, has become presents rose. Although the rose is bringing the thorn, but my equally I like tenderly and beautifully pleasant, fragrant four overflow rose.

翻译为

今天,爸爸让我买花花店,我选三种花:清新雅致的莉莉,温暖的移动的康乃馨,我最喜欢的是姿态万千玫瑰.在花店的玫瑰有许多种颜色:白如雪,红象火,黄的像金的,粉红的喜欢美丽的云……我选择了一个最可爱的深紫到红的玫瑰.会在家里,我插入他们的水罐,坐在桌前仔细观察玫瑰.玫瑰的干得很直很直,有缝隙,那么厚,是几spinules也带来.这个瓶子绿色的叶子是中国橄榄形,也软也是薄、边缘变得锯齿,动脉是动脉分叉.这是一个开放的花芽的渴望,在芽期把它与迷人的迷人的年轻女孩,笑脸包含了春天,美丽的极.第二天一早,我发现玫瑰已绽开了笑脸,一个花小酒杯、花瓣略有有可能成为螺杆式分割开,可是没有看着里面stamen和雌蕊.玫瑰看起来漂亮和富有魅力,我轻轻贴近,深深地吸气!一个光迎鼻孔清香.玫瑰是蔷薇科植物,其祖先是一个everflowering玫瑰,后来都掺杂着野玫瑰,已经成为现在的玫瑰.虽然带着刺的玫瑰,但我同样我喜欢温柔而美丽宜人,芳香四溢的溢出玫瑰.

到了西安，你会想到什么呢?钟鼓楼、羊肉馍当然还有兵马俑啦!今天我就去了兵马俑博物馆。

兵马俑都是泥巴、陶片做的吗?当然不是!他们身上原本颜色艳丽，不过因为出土时技术不行，不到一分钟就氧化了，实在可惜!但二号坑出现了奇迹：在一只跪射将军俑背后留着淡淡的红色，保存很不易!

自从出土到今天，没有一个兵马俑神色一模一样，可谓古人的脑洞大开!

所有兵马俑的手都呈空心拳式，为什么会这样呢?考古学家推断，兵马俑的手里应该都拿有兵器，而这些兵器是木头做的，因为年代久远，已经全部腐化了，如果兵器还存在，我们还能一览秦王朝的兵器呢!

特别的还有兵马俑三号坑，因为这里的兵马俑手里拿着礼仪制度的兵器，所以考古学家推测这儿应该是指挥部。那儿特别小，只有五百二十平方米，在指挥部的正前方还有指挥用的四马一车，给我们呈现了秦王朝完整的指挥部形象。

秦王朝时，兵马俑能做得这样活灵活现，可想当时的科技、艺术的发达。中国作为千年文明古国，当之无愧!我为我是中华子孙而骄傲!

Chinese, known as "a state of ceremonies" reputation, for 5000 years of Chinas etiquette is profound, as descendants of the dragon, we should pay attention to etiquette.

"There are many good people in the world."."Often hear mom and dad and people around to chat, such a feeling.They taught me to be a sensible child from childhood, and I did the same.Of course, thanks to so much appreciation, I should thank one of my teachers.On the first day of school, the teacher told us a story about her when she was in normal, day Zixi, lost her pen, she let the classmate in front of her to help her pick up, she said to me, the man left her teacher table things off the others, or let the person in front of her to help her pick up, but others say that help me pick up, after also said thank you, the teacher in front of students said to see people talk more polite, teacher very feel shy.After finishing the story, the teacher blushed, and the students understood one thing: to be polite to others, to be civilized.I want to thank my honest teacher.Civilization is always around us.The friendly smile, say hello to the teacher sincerely, gently turning the sound in the reading room, the waste paper into the trash can, turn off the lights after school......Yes, the world will be a better place as long as all of us are from around us.

Remember the day of this summer vacation, my mother and I were waiting for the car on the side of the road to the county town.It took a while for the bus to come.There are so many people on the bus, its stuffy and hot.My mother and I managed to squeeze into a ventilated seat.Seated a roughly forty year old middle-aged women, face dark, plain and neat clothes.I was confused when suddenly the car came to a screeching halt.I missed the railing next to it and hit the middle-aged woman.I thought she might blame me, but then there was a caring voice: "little boy, is it all right?"Come and sit here with auntie!"Never encountered this situation, I did not know what to do, I have to use the look of help looked at my mother.Until my mother smiled and motioned me to sit down, I say thank you, and sat down.After sitting in my seat, I always feel lucky.Later I realized that it was not lucky, it was civilization, and it was civilization that gave her the seat to me

In fact, civility is very simple.We should start from the small things around us and become a civilized and polite person.

家里有一个漂亮的中国结，鲜红的大结，加上下面胖乎乎的五个彩色的小绣球，显得更加漂亮。我想：这漂亮东西的来历是什么呢?为此，我专门查了资料：

中国结是中国特有的手工装饰品，始于上古先民的结绳记事。它作为一种装饰艺术始于唐宋时期。到了明清时期，人们开始给结命名，人们开始给结命名，为它赋予了丰富的内涵，如:如意结代表吉祥如意，双鱼结代表吉庆有余等。

中国结的特点是，每个结从头到尾有一根线编结而成，每个基本结又根据其形、意命名。把不同的结饰结合在一起，或用其他有吉祥图案的事物搭配组合，就成了造型独特、绚丽多彩、内涵丰富的传统吉祥饰物。

啊!原来是这样，我抱着漂亮的如意结，想：明年春天，我还要买中国结!

我国的传统文化有很多，如剪纸 、京剧、年画、风筝等等，其中我最喜欢的就是风筝。

风筝是我国传统的民间工艺品，它源于春秋时代，在中国已经有几千年的历史了。因为它发出的声音像古筝那样好听，因此叫做风筝。

风筝的形状有各种各样的，有金鱼样子的、美人鱼样子的、蜻蜓样子的……，每当春暖花开的时候，大家都会拿着各种形状的风筝来到郊外或者广场 去放飞，抬眼望去，满天的风筝五颜六色的，好像进了动物园一样，热闹极了!我家就有一个蝴蝶样子的风筝，长得非常漂亮。它全身是浅蓝色的，有一对美丽的翅膀，两只大大的眼睛炯炯有神，放飞起来，就像一只真的蝴蝶在蓝蓝的天空中翩翩飞舞，好看极了!我特别喜欢这个风筝。每当阳光明媚、春风轻拂的时候，爸爸妈妈都会带我去许都广场放风筝。

风筝给我的生活 带来了无穷的乐趣 ，我喜欢风筝。

中国的传统文化是丰富多彩、多姿多彩、博大精深。 中国的传统文化使我眼花缭乱，有：中国剪纸、景德镇陶瓷、中国结、中国绘画、中国古代计时工具、中国雕刻、传统节日、中国杂技、中国京剧、京剧脸谱、中国书法等，许多许多，数也数不清。我最喜欢的传统文化当之无愧是中国功夫了! 中国功夫在我国叫做武术，在外国才叫做中国功夫。

中国武术中有许多武器，例如：刀、剑、矛、枪等兵器。中国武术中的功夫有：九阴白骨掌、大力金刚指、一阳指、醉拳、一指神功、咏春拳、降龙十八掌......还有许多的门派，比如：峨嵋派、少林派、四方派.......我最喜欢的门派是少林派，因为少林派里有一招十分厉害，我也十分喜欢的阵，叫罗汉阵。李小龙我也非常喜欢，因为他的武功十分了不起，还自创了一个拳法，叫截拳道。 瞧，中国的传统文化是不是非常多呢?可这些仅仅是全部的100%10，还有许多的中国的传统文化等着我们去了解呢?

中国茶文化是中国制茶、饮茶的文化。作为开门七件事(柴米油盐酱醋茶)之一，饮茶在古代中国是非常普遍的。中国的茶文化与欧美或日本的茶文化的分别很大。中华茶文化源远流长，博大精深，不但包含物质文化层面，还包含深厚的精神文明层次。唐代茶圣陆羽的茶经在历史上吹响了中华茶文化的号角。几千年来中国不但积累了大量关于茶叶种植、生产的物质文化、更积累了丰富的有关茶的精神文化，这就是中国特有的茶文化，属于文化学范畴。

中国是茶的故乡，制茶、饮茶已有几千年历史，名品荟萃，主要品种有绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、花茶、白茶、黄茶。

中国是茶的故乡，是世界上最早发现茶树、利用茶叶和栽培茶树的国家。茶树的起源至少已有六七万年的历史。茶被人类发现和利用，大约有四五千年的历史。依照《诗经》等有关文献记录，在史前期，“荼”是泛指诸类苦味野生植物性食物原料的。 中国茶的历史及其发展，不仅仅是形成简单的一种饮食文化的过程，而同样映射出一个具有上下五千年历史的民族的精神特质。

坚持工具性与人文性的统一

一直以来，我们的语文教学工具性与人文性一直不能有机结合起来。如果强调语文的工具性，在语言运用、语法语义等方面下功夫，语文教学就会变得枯燥乏味，并且语文素养难以提高。如果只注重文学的熏陶。文学涵养的培养，就会忽略语文基础知识的学习。这样语文教学没有一个很好的基础，更难继续深入地学习下去。因此，新时期的语文教学要坚持工具性与人文性相统一。在课后练习上，注重引导学生在理解内容、体会情感的同时，加强语言文字的理解和运用;在口语交际、习作(写话、写作)和综合性学习上，注重话题与知识学习、能力培养的巧妙结合。这样一来，既提高了学生的语文素养，也提高了学生的语文学习技能，从根本上增强学生的语文学习能力。

摆脱应试教育的负面影响

由于受到应试教育的影响，语文教学停留在如何获得最高分这个层面上。导致学生在答题时，都有老师教给学生的一个套路。古诗词鉴赏应该怎么鉴赏，阅读理解怎么回答，作文分为几个层次结构，怎么写能不跑题。如此教学，使得学生在语文学习上失去了主动性。长此以往，学生会觉得语文没有意思，不感兴趣，只要在快考试时把老师的套路背一背就好。新时期语文教材改革，也要注入开放性的内容，让学生不在拘泥于老师的套路，能够产生自己独到的见解和看法，这样才是语文教学的真正意义。

传统文化融入语文教材

近年来，我们一直提倡国学教育，倡导发扬中华民族的传统文化。由此在基础教育以及高等教育等方面都做出了很大的努力。包括成语听写大会，古诗词听写大会等引起的国学潮，都对传统文化的发展做出了重要的贡献。在语文教材的修订上，注意通过课后练习、口语交际、习作(写话、写作)、综合性学习等内容的设计，渗透优秀传统文化教育，使学生潜移默化地受到优秀传统文化的熏陶。这样能在日常的学习生活中向学生灌入传统文化的知识与内涵，使学生深刻地理解传统文化的精神，同时使学习传统文化成为学生的优良习惯。

传统文化是我国的根基，继承和弘扬传统文化需要从小学抓起，因为他们是祖国的希望，是祖国的明天。因此，将继承传统文化的大任交给国家未来的接班人，是极其明智的选择。

傍晚凉风习习，极目远望，大运河宛如一条飘飘荡荡的碧玉带，两岸绿树葱郁，景色如画。夕阳垂落，照在运河上泛起点点波光，碧波荡漾。清澈的河水中一艘满载黄沙的货船正缓缓驶来，船舱内装有空调，冬暖夏凉。当船驶近，隐约可见船工一家围着餐桌吃着丰盛的晚餐。船工虽然皮肤黝黑，但脸上洋溢着笑容，一派其乐融融的景象。

岸边绿树荫下，一位摇着蒲扇乘凉的白发老人，正声情并茂地给一群孩子讲着关于运河船和运河水的故事……

“曾经以落日风浪为伴，与鱼虾飞鸟为友，三面朝水，一面朝天的生活真的让我难忘!夏天，阳光刺目，能把人晒掉好几层皮;冬天，寒风凛冽，直刺骨头，令人瑟瑟发抖。每到夜晚一家七口人都只能挤在狭小的船头，听着运河水拍打船身的声音入眠。这呀，就是我小时候的生活。”与新中国同龄的舅爷指着眼前的运河缓缓地给我们讲述着。

自舅爷的祖父那辈起，这千里京杭大运河便是他们赖以谋生的地方，更是舅爷出生成长的家园。一家七口靠着这条古老的河道生活，一条载重20吨的老式驳船终日在河上奔波。船只满载煤炭、食盐等大件货物，如果遇到恶劣天气，更是要在船上守着，确保货物不受损失。但如此辛劳地付出也只能挣得微薄报酬，舅爷他们从前一直过着穷困潦倒的生活。

“直到新中国成立后，政府成立了合作社，将运河船工统一收编，我们才算找到了组织和依靠，与朝不保夕的生活告别。同时国家开始建设大大小小的码头和水利设施，原本运输一趟需要3天的航程如今10个小时即可到达，运河的运输量至少提高十倍。”此刻我们深深地感受到了舅爷的自豪。

“现在我的生活早已衣食无忧啦，退休金年年在涨。之前杭州还启动‘五水共治’运河综合保护工程，接着运河又申遗成功，生活真的一天比一天好，平时我经常会来运河边走走。如果有人乱丢垃圾就过去劝导，这么美丽的风景一定要好好保护，一切都来之不易啊!”舅爷的语气平和但透着坚定。

在经历了屈辱与不幸、辛酸与苦痛后，我们终于迎来了富庶与强盛，宛若一曲先抑后扬的歌、一杯先涩后香的茶，深深地影响了几代人……

Junwu past.then light clouds, in the branch of the season, we should have the motherland 70 birthday with you, can with zhuguoqing, i feel very happy. here, i want to motherland proud mother said: i love you, china!

ah! huanghe river, wall, you feed the onsweep of what a splendid ethnic! five thousand years of history, the chinese civilization, etc to breathtaking. oh, the motherland, the river is flowing through a long run you elegant long long mountain is hale backbone. you have mountains of treasure, you have beautiful varied landscape, you are resplendent and magnificent imperial palace, have you wan ting stretch of the great wall, the history, there are eight. you still have a lot of... in your vast territory, generation after generation descendants with our own hands created splendid oriental civilization.

however, we will not forget, the chinese nation also had the vicissitudes of life, after suffering, our motherland has much humiliation and insult. we shall never forget the bright garden, forget in every chinese head "asia" hat, forget the park gate "chinese and dog allowed" sign, forget the 300,000 compatriots in nanjing yangtze river is red with blood. the earth in the yellow river in cry moans, however, chinese people never crushed.

chinese children in humen was uncovered against aggression. the taiping heavenly kingdom, the flag of 1898, the yi ho tuan warrior jinglei broadsword, the revolution of 1911 gunshots, show the world that the chinese nation: chinese people dont apprehend,. the may 4th movement, the communist party of china was established, more like jinglei though the sky. from nanchang to jinggangshan, from yenan to xibaipo, "a little spark kindles a great fire. chinese people just with millet and rifle hit a splendid china, we this oriental giant finally again stand up!

金风送爽，天高云淡，在这个花果飘香的季节里，我们迎来了祖国七十岁的生日，能与大家同祝国庆，我感到非常快乐。在这里，我要自豪地对祖国母亲说：我爱你，中国!

啊!黄河长江，奔腾万里，你们哺育了一个多么辉煌的民族!五千年的辉煌历史，饮誉四海的华夏文明，足以让人叹为观止。哦，祖国，涓涓流贯的河川是你飘逸的长发，绵亘悠久长的山岳是你硬朗的脊梁。你有满山遍野的宝藏，你有秀丽多姿的山水，你有金碧辉煌的故宫，你有蜿蜓伸展的万里长城，纵有千古，横有八荒。你还有很多很多。。。。。。在你辽阔的土地上，一代又一代的炎黄子孙用自己的双手创造了灿烂的东方文明。

但是，我们不会忘记，中华民族也曾几经沧桑、几经痛苦，我们的祖国母亲也曾倍受欺凌与污辱。我们忘不了园明园的火光，忘不了扣在每个中国人头上的“东亚病夫”的帽子，忘不了公园门口“华人与狗不得入内”的牌子，忘不了南京三十万同胞的鲜血染红了长江。大地在呻吟，黄河在哭泣，然而中国人民永远也不会被压垮。

说到端午节，大家一定都知道。

端午节有很多风俗，像吃粽子、赛龙舟、戴五丝线、吃“五黄”等。

说到粽子，我可是很喜欢。我见到的粽子有两种，一种是竹叶粽，一种是竹筒粽。馅儿也是多种多样的，有红枣馅的，豆沙馅的，有香米馅的，有糯米馅的，有八宝粥馅的，这些馅都是粘粘的，吃在嘴里又香又甜，好吃得很！恐怕你馋得都要流口水了吧！

我听家长说，端午节还有一个故事呢。楚国时期，当时正是 五月初五 ，屈原因受冤枉，抱着石头跳进了汨罗江。当地百姓听到这个消息后，划船去搭救，可是打捞了半天都没捞到。他们怕鱼虾吃了屈原的尸体，就在汨罗江上划龙船、丢粽子，引开鱼虾。

后来，人们为了纪念屈原这位伟大的爱国人士，一直把赛龙船、吃粽子的习俗延续到今天。

摘要：人类社会已经进入以工业化、教育普及化和科学化为重要特征的现代文明。现代文明主导世界的现实，决定了无论一个国家发展民族现在处于怎样的状态，走向现代化，这是它的必然趋势。在走向现代化的过程中，由于国情不同，各国走向现代化的道路，遇到的问题、阻碍也各自不同，中国是一个的文明古国，有着五千年的传统文化。在中国现代化的过程中，曾反复出现关于中国传统文化能否走向现代化的争论。这一历史现象鲜明地揭示我们：中国传统文化能否走向现代化?如何走向现代化?是一个具有重要现实意义、必须弄懂搞清问题。

关键词：中国传统文化 重要特征 意义影响

文化，是当前学术界持续思考的热点之一，牵涉到历史与现实、中国与外国、古典与现代、全球与地方、政府与民间、精英与公众等许多方面，因而不无道理地一再引发种种讨论或争论。这些探讨对于我国文化的发展是有益的，不过，其中留下了一个有待我们去填补的空白：当前中国文化的层面。在一种特定的文化内部，总会存在着若干种不同的文化层面，它们之间组合成为一个相互对立而又相互共生的整体。梳理这些文化层面，考察它们之间的具体关系，对于这种文化的整体发展是有益的，这尤其会有助于建构这种文化的基本价值系统。那么，就当前我国文化的基本构成来看，我们的文化中究竟有哪些层面呢?它们之间结成何种关系?问题就提出来了。我在这里不打算普遍地纵论文化层面，而是着重从文学文本的文化层面角度来加以分析，即透过文学的文化层面而为揭示普遍文化层面提供具体的想象性模型和个案。因为，文学是文化中最富于表现力的想象性形态，完全可以承担透视普遍文化层面的任务。

一、中国传统文化对当代中国人的影响

文化(culture)的定义历来很多，这里仅仅采纳德国哲学家卡西尔(ernst cassier,1874-1945)的界说：文化是人类创造和运用符号(symbol)的领域，包括神话、宗教、语言、艺术、历史和科学等形态，它主要处理人类生存的意义问题(注：参见卡西尔《人论》，甘阳译，上海译文出版社1985年版，第281、288页。)。也就是说，文化是人类的符号表意系统，人类通过自己创造的符号系统

去表达生活的意义。而文化是一个历史性概念，每个民族及其特定历史时段都有其独特的文化状况。一定时段的文化应是一个容纳多重层面并彼此形成复杂关系的结合体(并不一定就是统一的整体)。而就中国目前的情形来说，这种容纳多样的文化结合体往往有4个层面或形态(注：我自己在过去一度将审美文化分为主流文化、精英文化和大众文化三种(见《从启蒙到沟通》，《文艺争鸣》1994年第5期)，后来认识到不能忽略民间文化的存在。)：主导文化、高雅文化、大众文化和民间文化。从文化价值看，这4个层面之间本身是无所谓高低之分贵贱之别的，关键看具体的文化过程或文化作品本身如何。每一层面都可能出优秀或低劣作品，无论它是主导文化和高雅文化，抑或大众文化和民间文化。上面的4个文化层面往往会渗透或显示在具体的文学艺术文本中，这就有文艺文本的文化层面。具体说来，这4个文化层面有可能同时并存于同一个文本中，这要求我们细心分辨各种文化层面在文本中的存在状况及其相互关系;但是，更有可能的是，它们中的某一种会在文本中居于相对主导的地位，这就使得我们有可能划分出文艺文本的文化层面：主导文化文本、高雅文化文本、大众文化文本和民间文化文本。

1.主导文化

主导文化文本是指体现特定时代的群体整合、秩序安定或伦理和睦需要的文化形态。这种文化文本的一个主要特征是教化性，也就是直接或间接地传达统治群体制定的社会规范，以便教育、整合或感化社会公众。每个时代的统治群体都会有意识地书写或制作这种文本，并大力鼓励原来属于高雅文化的文人作家来参与这种旨在巩固统治性规范的书写工作，再借助行政手段加以传输和推广，以便更有效地利用文学特有的审美感染力去达到教化公众的目的。自汉儒董仲舒提出“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”以来，统治群体对文学的控制或支配作用就获得了明确的合法性，从而推演出文学承受主导文化引导的历史。需要注意，主导文化文本并不一定只要直接的或者甚至赤裸裸的教化性，而可以把教化性掩映在富有感染力的审美表现中。诸葛亮的《前出师表》和《后出师表》正是古典主导文化的典型范本。《前出师表》首先陈述了蜀国的“危急”情势，表达了一下自己“追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下”的忠心，提出“开张圣听”、“亲贤臣，远小人”等等一系列的社会整合以及国家安定的方针政策。接下来，他又坦诚地表述了自己对君王的耿耿忠心，发出“北定中原”、“兴复汉室”的铮铮誓言，从而近乎完美地表达了一个臣子为报答主子的知遇之恩而全力以赴的忠诚之心和献身精神。最后他在《后出师表》里立下誓言——“臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已;至于成败利钝，非臣之明所能逆睹也”。在这里，主导文化所追求的群体整合、秩序安定和伦理和睦等目标，以及个人的尽忠报恩之心都得到了集中的体现。

就当代来讲，影片《生死抉择》(2001)也可以说是当代主导文化的代表性文本。它讲述了当今中国公众普遍关心的“反腐倡廉”故事。主人公海州市长李高成在中央党校学习一年后回来，立即被卷入自己工作过的中阳纺织厂工人的集体请愿风波中，由此引发出自己也被牵连进去的重大腐败案件。李高成面临一个“生死抉择”：是把自己交给廉政还是留给腐败?作为一个关键人物，他的自我抉择确实成了事件进展的关键：只有他作出正确的抉择，才能确保廉政一方的成功。他在市委副书记杨诚的协助和省委万书记的支持下，经过短暂而艰难的思索，战胜了自我，作出正确的抉择，起来斗倒了以郭中姚为首的“腐败集体”，并由此挖出了其后台省委副书记严阵等，从而夺取了反腐败斗争的胜利。这部影片鲜明地反映了当今主导文化关于社会群体整合和秩序安定的要求。在中国文化传统中，主导文化历来扮演着群体整合等重要角色，至今仍然如此。不过，主导文化也需要不断更新、发展，体现**性，并且让自身的权威不是强制而成为令人倾心服膺的感动。

2.高雅文化

高雅文化，有的称“精英文化”，是指主要表达知识分子的个体理性沉思、社会批判或美学探索旨趣的文化文本。这种文本往往从知识分子或文人的个体立场和视角出发，去从事独特的形式变革，以便在这种新形式中传达对于社会生活的理性沉思、社会问题的批判性观察。这种文化文本的主要特征有三点：形式创新、社会批判和个性化追求。

高雅文化文本总是善于总结前人的形式惯例，并从现实生活和民间文化传统中吸到资源，创造出新的原创性形式。因而在高雅文化文本里，形式上创新的特征往往格外突出。

二、中国传统文化的主要内容、重要特征及现实意义

1 否定传统文化，也是否定历史

文化，广义上讲，它是指人类在改造世界的社会实践中所获得的物质、精神生产的能力及其所创造的财富的总和，包括物质文明、精神文明和制度文明。狭义的文化主要是指精神生产能力和精神产品。传统文化是一个国家民族在长期的社会实践中所积淀的物质文明和精神文明的文化遗产，也是民族特有的思维方式的精神体现。传统文化既有精华，又有糟粕，所以，对传统文化既不能一概否定，也不能全部的吸收，只有站在时代高度，通过实践检验。汲取精华，清除糟粕，才是正确地发挥作用。

一个国家走向现代化，总要有建立在一定的经济、政治之上的文化，否定传统文化，也是否定历史，否定民族精神。人为地割断自己的“根”。美国文化哲学家怀特说过：“文化是一个连续的统一体，文化发展的每个阶段都产生于更早的文化环境”，“现在的文化决定于过去的文化，而未来的文化仅仅是现在文化潮流的”。可以说，一个国家民族的发展史，也就是发展和丰富传统的历史。同样，作为凝聚和激励人民重要力量的民族精神也是传统文化长期熏陶与培育的结果，是传统文化的结晶。一个民族陷入任何困境都不可怕，可怕的是失去民族精神支柱，精神上无所依托。所以，如何对待传统文化问题，决不单纯是个文化问题，而是一个关系民族命运发展的问题。许多历史事实证明，一个国家走上民族振兴，走向现代化，无不是从弘扬民族精神做起。民族精神是民族之魂。否定传统文化，必然抹煞民族精神。那种认为中国现代化只能从异质文化中汲取力量，企图以文化就是以西方文化模式代替中国传统文化模式的过程称为西化派是错误的。从认识论来看，主要是由于以下三方面原因造成：

首先，对中国传统文化的丰富内涵缺乏深刻的了解与认识。中国传统文化并非像某些人所说，是一堆毫无价值的垃圾，而是有着多方面的丰富内涵，它的优良部分，是人类宝贵的精神财富，并且是一切新的更高的文明的再生源之一。中国传统文化的丰富内涵，主要体现在这样几方面：

(1) 自强不息的奋斗精神。中国文化历来关注现实人生，孔子说：“未知生，焉知死”，并说：“天行健，君子以自强不息”。正是这种入世的人生哲学，培育了中华民族敢于向一切自然与社会的危害和不平进行顽强抗争。中国人自古以来就有不信邪、不怕“鬼”的精神，强调人生幸福靠自己去创造。要实现现代化，这种自信自尊的精神是决不可少的。

(2) 知行合一观。中国儒家文化所讲的“力行近于仁”，在一定程度上体现了“行重知轻”的认识论思想，这与实践品格具有某种一致性。实践是认识的源泉。实现现代化，当然要努力学习外国的先进的东西，但更重要的是自己的社会主义实践。

(3) 重视人的精神生活。中国传统文化非常重视人的内在修养与这精神世界，鄙视那种贪婪与粗俗的物欲。孟子提出“充实之谓美”，并认为“宝贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”，这是对人格的根本要求，这种传统美德，对现代人格的塑造，也是非常可贵的。

(4) 有爱国主义精神。爱国主义，就是千百年来巩固起来的对自己祖国的一种最深厚的感情，爱国主义，是我们中华民族的优良传统。古人云：天下兴亡，匹夫有责“。在今天，一个国家只有走上现代化，国家才会繁荣富强。而实现现代化，全靠全国人民团结一致，共同奋斗。

(5)追求真理，勇于奉献的精神。中国传统文化蔑视那种贪生怕死，忘恩负义、追逐名利的小人。古人在谈到对真理的追求时，认为“朝闻道 ，夕死可矣“。宣扬”路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索“的精神。这种对真理执着、献身精神是推动现代化的强大动力。

(6) 团结互助，尊老爱幼的伦理规范。古人说：“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。”一个社会只有严于律已，宽以待人，形成团结互助，尊老爱幼的社会风气，社会才能充满温馨与和谐，才能给人带来希望与力量。上述种种仅是中华传统文化精华地的一部分，仅此就足以体现中国传统文化的博大精深。罗素曾说过：“ 中国文化的长处在于合理的人生观”这是对中国文化的一种深刻认识和概括。

其次，是把传统文化与现代化对立起来，传统文化并非一潭死水，而是一个动态系统。人类在自己的社会实践中创造传统文化，并在实践中革新与丰富传统。否则，就不会变为现实的文化传统。所以不能把传统文化简单地归结为“过去的历史”而应认识到它同时关系着现在与未来。把发展看成为“反传统”，其思维方式就是把传统文化与现代文化对立起来。其实，任何现代化只能从现实传统文化出发，否则便成为无源之水、无本之木。陈寅恪先生说过：“其真能于思想上自成系统有所创获者，必须一方面吸收输入外来之学说，一方面不忘本来民族之地位。”波普尔曾针对那种妄图“彻底清洗社会这块布—创造一块社会的白板，然后在它上面画出崭新的社会制度”的理论，指出：“没有比毁掉传统的构架更危险的了，这种毁灭将导致犬儒主义和虚无主义，使一切人类价值漠不关心并使之瓦解。而且，一旦毁灭了传统，文明也随之消失。”所以对传统文化决不能采取一概否定的态度，而必须实事求是，具体问题具体分析，在实践中加以检验，清除那些过时的东西。

再次，从民族文化与世界文明的辩证关系看。世界文明并非是某一个国家民族作用的结果，而是全世界人民共同创造的。当然，由于各方面具体条件的不同，在世界中所起的作用各不同，但这只是作用大小的问题，而不是有无的问题。所以各民族的文化应是平等的，需要相互尊重，相互学习，取长补短，而不应有高人一等的优越感。任何一个国家，作为人类世界组成的一个部分，都不是孤立的，其存在与发展，不能不对别的国家有所影响：也不能不受到其他国家这样那样的影响。中国古代的四大发明曾经给世界文明以重大贡献。当代西方许多的中国古代文化热，也表明中国传统文化至今仍在发挥作用。因此，只有各个国家充分发挥自己民族文化的特点，对人类社会作出应有的贡献，世界文明的发展，才会有

可靠的保证。相反，一个国家不顾自己民族的特点，一味模仿或照搬别的文化，不仅不会有好的发展，甚至会走上灭亡的道路，世界史上是有这种教训的，其实，西方文化也是一分为二的，既有好的东西，也有糟粕，不可“拣进篮里都是菜“，如”拜金主义“之类，即使在西方，也是被批判的。西方文化也并不等于世界先进文化，这是两个不同的概念，世界先进文化是以它的先进性、科学性及对人类社会的意义标志的。因此，学习与引进外国文化，必须作具体分析，一定要从本国实际出发，一个成功的现代化国家决不是全盘，引进西方文化，而是在自己传统文化的基础上，一面学习外国先进文化，一面对本国文化进行革新，不断提高自己的现代化水平，由于传统文化能否现代化，能否在新的历史条件下得到弘扬，关键在于人们用何种思维方式对待传统文化。

2 传统文化是一种巨大的精神力量

另外，中国传统文化有着消极因素，这与现代化发展是不利的，就其传统文化的消极因素表现是：

第一、缺乏民主精神。中国长期处于封建社会，封建意识对人们影响极深，封建专制思想一方面严重压抑和束缚个性发展，另一方面，造成特权思想，直到今天，中国人仍缺乏民主意识。

第二、法制观念淡薄。中国传统文化不重视法制，实行的是人治，如实行的是皇权至高无上，因而君言就是法。在我国今天社会主义社会里， 人民群众已经成为国家主人，国家的一切法律反映了人民群众的根本利益，但封建特权思想严重，权大于法，情大于法的事，还时有发生。

第三、商品意识差。中国是个农业国，重农轻商十分严重。过去，经商是被人看不起的，不知商业是产品流通的重要环节，对促进社会生产力的发展，繁荣经济，方便，起着重要的作用，尤其在现代，没有市场经济的高度发展，也就无法走向现代化。

第四、守旧意识严重。中国的小农经济广大，个体经济，靠天吃饭，“日出而作，日落而息“，很容易满足于现状，非到万不得已，是不会起来造反和自学接受新东西的。

3 由传统文化走向现代化，是推动社会主义不断发展的精神动力 区分传统文化中的精华与糟粕，抛弃其糟粕，吸收其精华用来为社会主义服务，也就是使传统文化走向现代化，才能更好地为社会报务。传统文化在一定条件下，可以转化为符合时代需要的新型文化，但这种转化需要社会实践，使传统文化与现代化生活相结合，才能使之适应时代发展的要求。而社会主义市场经济是一个根本的结合点 。

第一、发展市场经济经济的需要。过去，实行的是计划经济，这种经济是人治经济，一切由政府统管，政企不分，按长官意志办事，乱放炮抱粗腿界得到合理配置，造成中国经济长期落后。现在市场经济是以市场机制作为配制社会资源的基本手段，是按照市场经济运动规律建立起来的一种经济管理体制。因此它能有效激励企业发挥主动性与竞争性，调动广大人民群众的与创造性，成为现代化经济发展的强大动力。一定的经济总是与一定的文化相联系的。经济与文化相互渗透，相互影响，今天的经济，也就是明天的文化;而明天的文化，也将是后天的经济。人是社会活动的主体，任何一项经济活动，都是具有一定观念文化的人去从事的，没有一定的科学文化知识与思想首先素养的人，就无法胜任，所以，现代经济的发展，一方面将对人们现有的文化观念进行检验，新的取舍，另一方面，促使人们必须努力学习一切先进的东西，不断提高自己的精神素质，才能适应形势发展需要，这就是市场经济对传统文化走向现代化的根本决定作用

第二、它是建全社会主义法治的需要。社会主义市场经济是法治经济，法制意味着合法性、权威性、公正性。法治在市场经济的作用：一是引导作用—引导市场经济向健康的方向发展;二是规范作用—通过法律规范政府和市场主体的行为与秩序;三是保障作用—保障市场主体的平等竞争与正当权利。这些都是现代文明与现代文化的体现，而中国传统文化在这方面却有很大的缺陷。中国传统文化在法制思想上强调实行人治。法律仅作为治国的某种辅助手段，这种缺乏权利意识的传统文化，在市场经济就难以存在与发展了

第三、市场经济是效益经济，市场经济要求对中国传统文化那种“君子谋道不谋食”把“义”与“利”对立起来的旧的价值观的否定，从而增强人们的务实精神与进取精神。实际上，人们的实践活动，是离不开利益原则的。要保证市场经济所追求的价值的实现，不仅个人实践活动要符合市场经济规律，学会按法办事，而且也促使政府及行政管理部门必须提高工作效率，才能适应形势发展的需要。

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[1]吴枫.中国古典文献学[M].济南：齐鲁书社，1982.16

[2]尉迟治平.计算机技术和汉语史研究[J].古汉语研究，2000，

[3张伟云.中国数字图书馆：一个并不轻松的选择[J].国家图书馆学刊，2000，

中国传统文化我与中华传统文化携手。在不少里，作者们为中华民族永不改变的传统文化拼命呐喊，竭力控诉着人们对于传统文化的漠视。我与中华传统文化携手。

在我国传统节日里，我“遥望”古代诗句而感慨。传统文化在我的脑海里似乎已转化成了一串串饮食文化的符码，为我品尝中华“小吃”划定了时刻表，我津津有味的咀嚼着传统文化的结晶，我不论在什么时候，都察觉得到它的存在。正月十五元宵节，我知道吃汤圆的时候又到了。“汤圆呢？这天但是元宵节啊！”餐桌上的面包既让我惊讶又让我纳闷。汤圆汤圆，就是一大家子人要团团圆圆的意思。传统文化在不一样的节日里，用不一样的东西告诉我们。它没有消失，就像大家春节一家要团聚在一齐，吃着年饭。不一样的人用它们不一样的眼光看待它，它的重要性也随之改变。传统文化不仅仅是流动时刻的凝固剂，更是民族个性的烙印。自古以来，中华民族用自己的个性情感，仿佛群体无意识般地充实着传统文化。内敛含蓄，善良仁义，乐观信赖，天人合一……这是一种纯粹的情感，更是中国传统文化的精髓。传统文化经过几千年的洗礼一路走来，不一样时代的人们赋予了它不一样的形式，有的至今为人们所熟知，有的已湮没在时代的滚滚洪流中，而此刻的我们，尽管奋力追溯着

一切传统文化的习俗，争相效仿，但同时并存的，却是日渐冷漠的人情，有的人能够为了工作利益而挤压出更多的时刻，却从不为自己的亲友，家人甚至是自己的心灵留一点空间。渐渐地，他们看不见世间的大象，听不到世间的大音，他们与传统文化分手，他们与人间真情绝缘。

我们回忆着传统文化，那我们何时能回味传统文化呢？莎士比亚以前说过：我们所谓的玫瑰，如果换一个名字，不也一样芳香吗？传统文化需要我们的传承，但花谢了无关紧要，我们所务必做的，是让那余香渐飘渐远

各个国家民族都有自己的文化，国家之所以富强，是因为文化，社会的，社会之所以和谐，是因为文化。我国是世界文化唯一延续的四大古国之一。在现实生活中，传统文化的利弊日益暴露，有大部分已经被淘汰了，但有些人却想把传统文化一尘不变地交给下一代，这就需要注意了。传统文化有好有坏。我们应该发扬好的。剔除坏的。因为她会杨勇青少年的心灵。甚至束缚他们，所以在面对传统文化，我们要取舍。

中国有过年的习惯，过年会使人精神焕发，过年还要燃放鞭炮，放烟花，随着环境问题日益严重，现在我们不燃放鞭炮烟花了，有人会说过年是传统文化，燃放鞭炮不是理所应当嘛，难道传统文化不重要了吗?不，不是的燃放鞭炮烟花会使空气，变差。也会引起一系列的环境问题，目前人们已经意识到环境问题的严重性，为了这个地球为了我们共同的家园，人们正在保护环境，所以不燃放鞭炮，烟花并不是，抛弃了传统文化，而是发扬了他。传统文化理应现在结合我们一样。中国素来是礼仪之邦，而尊老爱幼，尊师重教我们已经传承了五千多年。它是传统文化，它是发扬光大，会永不磨灭，因为它是民族之魂永不磨灭。但现在出现这样一个问题，有些老人仗着尊老爱幼的传统扬言这样了，分家。我在一本书上看到，有个老人每天下午都会端着板凳坐在车上，人肉抢位，等到他们而女同事，不会为了停车的事而烦恼，这引得我们的思考，如果那两个老人，每天座位，会不会引起别的控车主的愤怒，甚至社会上一些不谙世情的出现。如果长此以往，每个车主的父母令人，那社会还会稳定吗?还会和谐吗?难道尊老爱幼就是理由吗?现在有些人打着各种幌子，请青少年学习传统文化，去学习那些哟，腐蚀作用的文化，以此来谋划我们青少年的心理。如果我们接受传统文化，那以后准，会不堪设想。因此在好的传统文化上，我们更应该擦亮眼睛，用传统文化，用批判的眼光去对待传统文化，传统文化是我们每个人应该学习的，因此我们要学会取舍。