东西方文化的差异英语手抄报(最新20篇)

Since the big country has been found at October 1st of 1949, the People’s Republic of China has gone through a history of 62 years. Looking back at the 62 years, especially in recent 30 years, we have made many great achievements in different fields. And China has been the second largest economy in the world in 2010. And as a Chinese, I am so proud of our mother country.

However, on the other hand, we also have been losing many other good things such as beautiful environment and traditional culture when the GDP has increased quickly. And we also know that the traditional culture is the soul of an ancient nation. It is the most important thing. But we Chinese seem to ignore this. And that many things happened in this year like to remind us to be awake of this phenomenon. The accident of our high speed trains had taken many people’s lives away in July. And that the 2-years-old girl had been hurt to die while 18 passers should to save her.

And in my opinion, the culture and civilization are so important that we can’t lose them. However the economy and technology have been developed, we will have nothing when we lost the important things. As a student, I have no idea that what should I do. And I just want to say, we must develop our traditional culture but not to abandon them.传统文化英语作文五

Hello, everyone, my topic today is “we are losing our traditional culture”.

After seeing the movie Kung Fu Panda, I was impressed deeply by its advanced cartoon technology and its abundant characters, but what impressed me most was the series of Chinese elements in the film, such as buildings of Chinese style, calligraphy, Tang suits and so on. I had to admit that the film makers, those Americans, seemed to know our Chinese traditional culture even more than most of us Chinese, which should made us ashamed. To be honest, the movie Kung Fu Panda made many contributions to spreading our traditional culture, but we should not be pleased at all, we Chinese should play the most important role in spreading our own traditional culture. Kung Fu is ours, panda is ours, but Kung Fu Panda is not ours, how terrible it is!

That all, thank you for your listening and it’s time for your questions now.

Food between China and Western countries are totally different styles. China has 5000 years history. We probably spend half of time on food. Chinese people choice food very carefully. They only use fresh material to make food. For example they only eat fresh fish.

Chinese have a lot of ideas and techniques for cooking. We can cook a chicken in over ten ways. That’s why Chinese food is so popular in the world. Western country like English or American, they don’t have fresh food because they buy their food from supermarket which only sells stored materials. Western people would also prefer fast food like burgers and chips.

They are unhealthy to human body. Western people do not have many skills for cooking, mostly they only boil, steam and bake the food. By the way, western people are very good at making desert and chocolate. They can make very good cake and chocolate. They are very sweet but it’s sort of food which make you become fat quickly.

The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But, in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31. The holiday was called Samhain (sow-en), the Celtic New year.

One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.

Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.

Probably a better explanation of why the Celts extinguished their fires was not to discourage spirit possession, but so that all the Celtic tribes could relight their fires from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning in the Middle of Ireland, at Usinach.

Some accounts tell of how the Celts would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stories as myth.

The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century AD, Samhain was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other Roman traditions that took place in October, such as their day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, which might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on Halloween.

The thrust of the practices also changed over time to become more ritualized. As belief in spirit possession waned, the practice of dressing up like hobgoblins, ghosts, and witches took on a more ceremonial role.

The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840s by Irish immigrants fleeing their countrys potato famine. At that time, the favorite pranks in New England included tipping over outhouses and unhinging fence gates.

The custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom called souling. On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for "soul cakes," made out of square pieces of bread with currants. The more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more prayers they would promise to say on behalf of the dead relatives of the donors. At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a souls passage to heaven.

The Jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the trees trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.

According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness. The ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip to keep it glowing longer.

The Irish used turnips as their "Jacks lanterns" originally. But when the immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips. So the Jack-O-Lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit with an ember.

So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.

The cartoon given above tells us that there are two persons who are arguing with each other about the importance of book Knowledge and experience. In fact, knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include reading books, classroom activities and practice.

The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in our daily life. First of all, we can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. Second, we can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Last but not least, we can shuttle between the past and the future by reading books. In this way, we wont repeat the mistakes of others.

Practice, on the other hand, offers us more useful knowledge. In fact, as we all know failure is the mother of success. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful.

The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival, on this day we want to open happy heart. We also need to eat dinner, also called family reunion dinner, at a distance of family want to go home to have a meal, round and round, round.

Before the arrival of the Spring Festival, my sister and I, aunt go to the supermarket to buy necessities. My sister and I run around in the supermarket, to see what good can get a shopping cart. Like two little cat take things in the supermarket. We took a lot of things, chewie, chocolate, egg roll, potato chips, etc., are all good. To check when we spent four hundred multivariate, aunt love dearly died. We two greediness, the Spring Festival we began to eat snacks are yet to come.

Spring Festival arrived, brother, sister, father is come from a far country and reunion dinner with us. My aunt to burn a lot of delicious dishes, beef, oil, meat, shrimp, spring rolls and so on, and my favorite food is coke chicken wings. People are together, we touched a cup and started off the devoured. Brother said I am very introverted, in fact I at ordinary times is alive in the home, just saw more people to get up, I am shy. This year, I received a lot of red envelopes, sister, grandma gave me a also for his sister, very happy.

Finished eating delicious food, my brother and I, my sister and brother-in-law persons together. At first they are absent-minded, persons, and playing the mobile phone. Later, under the guidance of my aunt, I won several plate, there is a hard man to convince flowering, 10 yuan one person, they began to nervous, hands began to shake. They also said that let me vomit receive red envelopes are, now can not lose money. We rub a mahjong in the afternoon, I win a lot of money.

Pleasant and memorable finally over the Spring Festival, in addition to happy or happy in my heart. But once a year is really too not enough. I wish every day is the Spring Festival.

春节是中国的传统节日，在这天我们要开开心心的。我们还要吃年夜饭，又称团圆饭，在远方的家人都要回家吃饭，团团圆圆的。

在春节到来之前，我和姐姐，姑姑去超市买年货。我和姐姐在超市里跑来跑去的，看到什么好吃的就拿到购物车里。好像两只小馋猫在超市里随便拿东西。我们拿了好多东西，有橡皮糖，巧克力，蛋卷，薯片等，都是好吃的。到结账的时候我们花了四百多元，姑姑心疼死了。我们两个嘴馋，春节还没有到来我们就开始吃零食了。

春节到了，哥哥，姐夫，爸爸都从远方过来和我们一起吃团圆饭。我姑姑烧了好多美味可口的菜，有牛肉，走油肉，虾，春卷等，还有我最喜欢吃的可乐鸡翅。人都齐了，我们碰过杯子就开始狼吞虎咽的吃了起来。哥哥说我很内向，其实我平时在家里都是生龙活虎的，只是一看见人多了起来，我就害羞了。今年我收了好多红包，姐姐工作了，奶奶把给姐姐的一份也给了我，好开心。

吃完了可口的饭菜，我和哥哥，姐姐，姐夫一起搓麻将。一开始他们都心不在焉的，一边搓麻将，一边玩手机。后来在姑姑的指导下，我连赢了好几盘，还有一次杠头开花，一人10元，他们开始紧张起来，手都开始抖了。先前他们还说要让我把收的那些红包都吐出来，现在能不输钱就好了。我们搓了一个下午的麻将，我赢了好多钱。

让人愉快又难忘的春节终于过去了，我心里除了开心还是开心。一年只有一次真是太不过瘾了。真希望天天都是春节。

If the most beautiful season of the year is spring, for me, the most

interesting festival of the year is the new years Eve! On that day, we should

not only eat family reunion dinner, but also staying-up late on new years

eve.

Remember that the day to eat reunion dinner, people began to play cards,

chat, play mahjong, our children, began playing the fun of firecrackers, there

are all kinds of varieties, "this" and "Scud", "delta ray" and so on, we played

awfully.

I also went to the house to see from time to time and funny TV comic sketch

"Spring Festival Gala" performance, I and my buddy will laugh and laugh, see

magic in those big magician performing magic show, we were amazed.

Time flies, blink of an eye to 11:45, suddenly rang out a loud bursts of

firecrackers, we are e--cited to join them, just open the door, I saw the

fireworks are riotous with colour dark sky dancers.

At 11:50, we cant wait to just wrapped dumplings into the boiling water,

mom and dad put a cover on the pot, cook for a while, 12 oclock, finally boil

the dumplings, grandma and grandpa a sung, I smell from afar dumplings

fragrance, went straight to the kitchen, when the taste delicious dumplings,

happy in the heart.

One year spent similar, each year is different, when the new years Eve, it

means spring is coming, the new year has begun!

导语：传统文化一直是考试的“常客”，经常出现在各类考卷上，如今正式纳入高考新大纲，中华优秀传统文化的重要性和地位也就不言而喻了。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

前段时间2017年普通高考考试大纲出炉，明确提出，2017年高考将增加中华优秀传统文化的考核内容，充分发挥高考命题的育人功能和积极导向作用。比如，在语文中增加古代文化常识的内容，在汉语中增加文言文、传统节日、民俗等内容，在数学中增加数学文化的内容。

传统文化一直是考试的“常客”，经常出现在各类考卷上，如今正式纳入高考新大纲，中华优秀传统文化的重要性和地位也就不言而喻了。既然高考都将它纳入了考点范围，那怎么能少了四六级呢，这些素材赶紧积累起来，考场上才能沉着应对!

1.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没有去看看埃菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连成长城。然而，我们今天看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings. If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, It’s just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower , or going to Egypt without visiting the pyramids. People often say: "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall." In fact, the Great Wall was originally just some off and on the wall, it was not until the qin dynasty unified China after it joined the Great Wall. However, the Great Wall we see today - east of shanhaiguan, west to jiayuguan, most of them are built in the Ming dynasty.

2.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作时包括：(1)擀皮;(2)备馅;(3)包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

Dumpling is a traditional food which is popular with Chinese people. According to an ancient Chinese legend,dumplings were first made by the medical saint Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: (1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; (2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; (3) make dumplings and boil them.With thin and elastic dough skin ,fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times.There’s an old saying that claims,"Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings."During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends,Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love,having dumplings at the monment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

3.京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱、念、做、打、舞为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生、旦、净、丑四大行当。

Chinese Beijing Opera is known as the "Oriental opera", is the authentic Chinese quintessence. It originated in China where a variety of ancient drama, especially the southern "HuiBan". By the end of the 19th century, Beijing Opera to form the Chinese operas flourishing and become Chinas largest. Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing arts, sing, read, do, play, dance as a whole, by means of stylized performance means, narrative, and characters. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng, dan, jing, and chou.

American culture, in a sense, is an extension of European culture, because the language of the Americans, demographic composition and her spirit of the foundation are from Europe. On the other hand, American culture with Europe, because European immigrants in the North American continent to drive away after taking the Indians, in a barren wilderness land to create a stunning is the splendid civilization. Therefore, in the United States talk about cultural practices and social propriety, it is necessary to take account of the same culture of Europe and the United States, but also pay attention to both of the opposite sex. Cultural practices is a wide scope and complexity of the topic, people involved in social life and relations In all aspects.

Of tolerance.

The United States is a country of immigrants, the ancestors from around the world. People emigrated to the United States, not only in the location to move on, but also in their country and customs of the council to a new place of residence. As miscellaneous, people their differences very obvious because the differences are very common, people do not particularly pay attention to unity. In time, the cultural practices of the Americans formed a higher level of tolerance (tolerance), the different cultures and different appraisals on tolerance, an acceptable attitude. At this point, the U.S. society feasible than the custom of other countries in the world more broadly.

From a political perspective, this tolerance of performance in the pursuit of freedom and the right to freedom of maintenance. From the religious that it reflected in the harmonious coexistence of different faiths. From the viewpoint of life, and it appeared in different communities, different ethnic communities live in peace. In a nutshell, in the United States, each person can basically arbitrary choice of different ideas, beliefs, traditions and customs and way of life; people can also keep a considerable extent, their customs and instrument. For example, Jews can celebrate their religious festivals, and Christians are to their Christmas and Easter. For example, again, the United States by Chinese in Chinatown Chinese live and work; the same token, the Vietnamese immigrants in their "little Saigon" according to Vietnams way of doing business and engaged in various activities.

Americans of tolerance, in addition to the above United States is a country that factors other than immigration, and the frequent movement of the Americans. As everyone knows, the history of the United States in the development of an important part of her history of the development of the western region. At that time, the United States Blazers or hiking, horseback or car, from east to west, from north to south, wherever there are opportunities, there Jiuwang resettlement. The frequent migration and continuous replacement of the Habitat so that people will always be in the "mobile", and the occasional different facing the phenomenon of tolerance and more easily accepted. Moreover, the current migration also can help people expand the field of vision, known more widely know, the different practices with sympathy, understanding, and gradually formed diversity rather than uniformity of the openness of the concept.

As the Americans tolerant of stronger, so very few Americans to impose its will on other people, with China Confucius "by the others do not want to, not to impose on" the very Guxun like. For example, a husband may be a Republican, but he must not support the Democratic Party forced his wife to change political stance. Similarly, perhaps the mother is a Catholic, but she must not have forced her into a Muslim convert son to change religion. In their daily lives and habits of business in normal times, this spirit of tolerance is a common occurrence, commonplace.

Nowadays, if you search the Internet, you may find the weird situation that people say they are rich not because they own a lot of money, but tea eggs. This is the hot topic in the latest days; the topic originated from a Taiwan TV talk show, a scholar said Mainland was so poor that people there couldn’t buy a tea egg to eat. Then people in the Mainland laughed at what the scholar said, they showed off a lot of tea eggs in the Internet, leaving the words that they were lucky to have tea eggs. Though Taiwan is part of China, because of the history issues, people don’t real get to know each other, so culture misunderstanding always happen. Some people in Taiwan think the Mainland is very poor, so they say we couldn’t afford a tea egg. People need to get more communication between Taiwan and Mainland, we are a family, we should know each other, such misunderstand should be eliminated.

现在，如果你上网，你可以发现一个很奇怪的现象，人们讲自己很富裕，并不是因为有很多钱，而是因为他们有茶叶蛋。这是最近很火的一个话题，这个话题是由台湾的一个访谈节目引起的，节目中的一位学者说大陆很贫穷，人们吃不起茶叶蛋。然后大陆的人们取笑这位学者所讲的，纷纷在网上晒茶叶蛋，并留言他们很幸运拥有茶叶蛋。虽然台湾是中国的一部分，但是由于历史问题的原因，人们彼此之间并不了解，所以文化误读经常发生。一些在台湾的民众觉得大陆很贫穷，因此才会将我们买不起茶叶蛋。台湾和大陆之间应该多交流，我们是一家人，我 们应该了解彼此，这样的误会应该要消除。

There was a kindly nobleman whose wife had died of an illness leaving the nobleman and his three daughters in despair. After losing all his money in useless and bad inventions the family had to move into a peasants cottage, where the daughters did their own cooking, sewing and cleaning.When it came time for the daughters to marry, the father became even more depressed as his daughters could not marry without dowries, money and property given to the new husbands family.One night after the daughters had washed out their clothing they hung their stockings over the fireplace to dry. That night Saint Nicholas, knowing the despair of the father, stopped by the noblemans house. Looking in the window Saint Nicholas saw that the family had gone to bed. He also noticed the daughters stockings. Inspiration struck Saint Nicholas and he took three small bags of gold from his pouch and threw them one by one down the chimney and they landed in the stockings.The next morning when the daughters awoke they found their stockings contained enough gold for them to get married. The nobleman was able to see his three daughters marry and he lived a long and happy life.Children all over the world continue the tradition of hanging Christmas stockings. In some countries children have similar customs, in France the children place their shoes by the fireplace, a tradition dating back to when children wore wooden peasant shoes.

译文：

关于圣诞节在火炉边悬挂圣诞袜也有一个有趣的传说。很久很久以前有一个心地善良的贵族，他的妻子因病去逝，抛下他和他的三个女儿。这个贵族尝试了不少发明，都失败了，但也因此耗尽了钱财，所以他们不得不搬到一家农舍里生活，他的女儿们也只得亲自烧煮、缝纫和打扫。

一晃几年过去，女儿们陆续到了出嫁的年龄，父亲却变得更加沮丧，因为他没钱给女儿们买嫁妆。

一天晚上，女儿们洗完衣服后将长统袜挂在壁炉前烘干。圣人Nicholas知道了她们父亲的境况后，就在那天晚上，来到她们的家门前。他从窗口看到一家人都已睡着了，同时也注意到了女孩们的长统袜。随即，他从口袋里掏出三小包黄金从烟囱上一个个投下去，刚好掉在女孩们的长统袜里。

第二天早上，女儿们醒来发现她们的长统袜里装满了金子，足够供她们买嫁妆了。这个贵族也因此能亲眼看到他的女儿们结婚，从此便过上了幸福快乐的生活。  后来，世界各地的孩子们都继承了悬挂圣诞袜的传统。有些国家的孩子则有其它类似的风俗，如在法国，孩子们将鞋子放在壁炉旁。

Today, we live in the modern world, most things we do can use the machine. The technology brings so many convenience to us, it facilitates our life. As we are facing the new products all the time, the traditional things are fading away. Take the paper-cut for example. When I was very small, paper-cut was so popular in my grandma’s generation, most women could cut all kinds of interesting shapes.

While today when I went back to my hometown, I found that most of them had stopped cutting papers, because they could buy them at the very low price.

What’s more, the young people don’t learn such art, for the parents think it is not necessary for their children to learn the old-fashion thing. The tradition should not be abandoned, it is the reflection of our culture. Even facing the challenge, we need to inherit the tradition.

今天,我们生活在摩登时代,我们可以使用机器做大部分的事情。科技给我们带来了很多方便,它便利了我们的生活。我们每天都面对着新产品,传统的东西正在慢慢消失。以剪纸为例。在我很小的时候,在我祖母的那一代，剪纸很受欢迎,大多数女性可以剪出各种有趣的形状。现在当我回到家乡时,我发现他们中的大多数已经停止剪纸,因为他们可以以很低的价格购买。更重要的是,年轻人不了解这种艺术, 以为父母认为他们的孩子没有必要去学习这种不时髦的东西。传统不应该被放弃,这是我们文化的反映。甚至面临挑战,我们仍然需要继承传统。

[高中英语作文：传统文化的继承

It is widely noted that lots of traditional culture is disappearing along

with the development of technology. Many ancient architectures and traditional

ways of living have been deserted. It seems that the traditional culture and

craftsmanship will be replaced in this modern era.

The following reasons can account for the above phenomenon. Firstly,

traditional technologies are always considered ineffective while the new

sciences are always highly efficient, because modern science and technology

facilitate both our daily and academic life a lot, with which we can save much

money and time. Secondly, it is costly to protect the traditional culture,

especially the maintenance and repair of the historical buildings.

In my opinion, although traditional culture is an ancient heritage, it

couldnt keep pace with the development of society. It is the tide of history

that the traditional culture and technology will no doubt be eliminated in the

end.

据钱江晚报的消息说，2月17日7点,张艺谋执导的电影《长城》，终于在北美上映了。首日票房五百九十万美元(折合人民币约四千零四十九万)，是中国内地首日票房一点二四亿人民币的三分之一，紧随《乐高蝙蝠侠》、《五十度黑》，位列第三。而根据预测，在全美三千三百多家影院大规模上映的《长城》，首周末四天有望拿下近两千万美元。不少媒体认为，在视觉和机构上，这《长城》借鉴了《权力的游戏》和《星河战队》等好莱坞的一些核心元素，找来好莱坞水准的特效团队，加上马特·达蒙等有号召力的影星加盟，走的是“标准大片范儿”的路线。然而，故事本身却收到各种花式吐槽。

即便如此，在鉴于电影在国内的票房不如预期，所以此次在北美的票房无疑是重中之重。但影评惨不忍睹，社交媒体上的吐槽随处可见，未来票房收入前景黯淡。有这么一篇题为《为什么中国和好莱坞无法交融》中有几句话还是有几分道理的，如果说好莱坞希望与中国电影人合作的话，那就应该放弃不伦不类的合拍片。更好的做法，是在中国建立一家国际制片公司来培养年轻的中国电影人和编剧，并帮助他们创作出可以吸引中国观众的影片。这才是中国以及好莱坞制作卖座影片的有效的诀窍。

但是，在许多国内媒体看来，该片北美票房似乎是一个差强人意的成绩。该片启用了好莱坞巨星马克·达蒙，张艺谋在过去有十七部电影在北美上映，也是为美国观众所熟知的华人导演。特效方面启用世界顶尖的特效公司工业光魔、维塔工作室。总之，在国内媒体看来，这应该是一部拿去和《魔兽》这样的顶级好莱坞魔幻片大制作比较的影片。实际上对于北美观众来说，这首先是一部中美合拍片，即使有了呆萌的加盟，它更合理的比较对象，依然应该是《英雄》，而不是《魔兽》。将《长城》票房与好莱坞顶级魔幻大制作比较，对它也并不公平。

单单从文化上有不适应性，剧中守城士兵的服装过于夸张，产生一种可笑而不严肃的观感。诸如像“片子无聊”、“痛苦地令人感到毫无启发”、“漂亮面孔的堆砌”，也无非是全片存在文化不兼容性，除了一些华丽的视效外，电影本身情节太过可预测，对白苍白，无法给观众带来有精神冲击的观影感受。而有评论者认为，若是能仔细想想，就好比是抗日神剧，类似“我爷爷在我很小的时候就死了”层出不穷，可还是挡不住大家看，不免在观影时是一边骂一边看的。但是在神剧里我们还可以去以血还血、以牙还牙来对待。

尽管片中也有不少张艺谋惯用的元素，《英雄》，《十面埋伏》，《黄金甲》三部古装片积累的经验都可在本片见到，比如像飞刀“仙人指路”一样的射箭表演，皇宫里斑斓的色彩，团体操式的行军打仗设计。但这些都是皮毛，它的内核看不到张艺谋的追求，若这样来看的话，张艺谋早期选故事很有投机眼光，他那时拍出的文艺片都很有话题性，可以同时满足东西方观众的猎奇心理。到了上个世纪九十年代中后期，张艺谋的方寸就有点乱了。那感觉就像他被资本牵着鼻子走，被商业大潮卷来卷去身不由己。是因为他对于导演文艺片这件事厌倦了或是江郎才尽了?也可能是因为他选择文艺片故事的投机眼光出问题了。

换句话说，诸如像那些个消极的批评其实是不甚公平的，容易忽视《长城》的文化和历史价值。原本观众们在电影里看到的往往是阿米利肯联邦的超级英雄们忙着拯救人类，主战场往往在阿米利肯的城市里。难免有人批评说，这个电影不应该叫《长城》，或许应该叫《我在宋朝打怪兽》之类的名称更合适。然而，这种批评意见没有意识到，如此的“长城”这个名称与其说是在命名故事情节，不如说是在表现文化要素，在进行文化释放。不错，长城就是天朝文化的典型代名词之一，伫立在那里。

然这问题是对于电影欢迎一切科学的、实事求是的、公正的批评，但批评不是“阴谋”的狂欢，不是“预谋”的胜利。若是说这恶意影评是一把双刃剑，博眼球能赢得一时的利益，但实际上却是饮鸩止渴，大浪淘沙终将被淘汰。不知道这批评应该是基于事实，不是站队，或者说对于影评中的摆事实讲道理，是电影批评起码的起点。即便是电影用了中国文化的象征做故事背景，那么对于导演和演员都太有名了。这两点的存在，难道电影上不上映都注定了要被骂么。电影《长城》当前水深火热的处境，不仅仅来源于电影本身质量与观众对张艺谋电影心理期待的巨大价值差，更来源于现今乌烟瘴气的网络舆论生态。

另则评论者认为，说张艺谋算是做的很优秀了。虽然也赞同从转战商业电影开始的作品，文化厚度与思维深度都有一定程度的下滑，但不容置喙的是无论英雄也好长城也罢，影片的可观赏性并未减弱。但毕竟在网络信息社会及知识化水平的提高在不断提升着大众的审美，此间也有很多人吐槽片中的“擂鼓”和“边塞歌”等场景，我很想说，文化程度高但是知识水平低的人真是好多好多。影片中庄严有节奏的出战擂鼓仪式，被无知评论说成“双节棍”，虽然我没有查证找出宋代当时军队出战时的擂鼓方式具体如何，但我肯定也是庄重肃穆整齐划一的，至少不会像一些影视剧中衙门击鼓告状那么简单，而摄影出身且对细节要求苛刻的张艺谋，必定也是查阅了大量文献资料才会将它展示在影片中的。

即便如此，之前看多几部好莱坞电影的都清楚，从成龙时代到近几年的《敢死队》、《变形金刚》、《惊天魔盗团》，中西结合已成为一部影片国际化的一大常见卖点了，并不稀奇。若说这张艺谋如此设定可能是在商业化《英雄》的基础上将中国文化中国元素中国电影迈向更高的国际化舞台，而更深入的探索中西方元素在文化与艺术两个层面更恰当友好的融合对于所谓的“边塞歌”等场景同理，实话说这些场景还都挺美。这也就是中国当前网络舆论生态中的一大乱象了，所有该关注该研究的事物，很少有人会去花心思挖掘探索，反倒是对那些无意义的不该操心的事情，个个兴致盎然。巧的是这次的《长城》正好又是一部“无意义的不该操心的事情”比较多的电影，这《长城》被置于如此风口浪尖也就不足为奇了。诸如此类。

It seems we are living in the conflict between modern and traditional

cultures every day. Hearing the blaring of horns the moment you step out of your

house, seeing the so called "pop" the moment you open your eyes, you cant help

thinking, "Will the traditional culture be gradually lost?"

Many people believe so. They may put right in front of you all the

evidences they can dig out. They may argue that people are rushing to

restaurants instead of cooking at home, listening to pop music but not

traditional, wearing in a way people couldnt imagine ten years ago. Modern

people like the air of freedom, not to be restrained by traditions. They offer

this long list, only trying to confirm that this world is full of

fashion,competition and temptation and the traditional culture is fading and

will be lost at last.

Though we are now living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war,

hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy are part of our daily life. Though this is a

skeptical age, and our faith has weakened, our confidence in some aspects of the

traditional culture should and would never be lost.

Wouldnt you agree that our traditional culture is always credited with

modesty, politeness and respectfulness, which have always been treasured for

more than five thousand years?Even in this modern world, people still admire

those with good manners, those who are polite to others or respectful to old

people.

Wouldnt you agree that our Chinese traditional music is beautiful and

artistic and our Chinese tea culture is always an appealing treasure to people

around the world?

So there may just be some changes in our lifestyle or our attitudes towards

life, but little change occurs to some fundamental aspects of our traditional

culture that people still treasure in heart.

The traditional culture will never be lost, I believe.

文化差异何其大 美国为何难以理解中国

Do the events that led to the outbreak of the first world war carry lessons for the Sino-American relationship? A century ago it was the ascent of Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm I thatunsettled the world; today a rising China is roiling east Asia. Then, as now, domestic politicson both sides played a role; one that is too easily neglected.

导致一战爆发的事件对中美关系有什么启发意义吗?一个世纪以前，德国在威廉一世(Kaiser Wilhelm I)领导下的崛起让世界感到不安;如今，中国的崛起让东亚感到不安。当时和现在一样，对立双方的国内政治都发挥了作用——这是一个太容易被人们忽视的因素。

Why did Britain and Germany – linked by trade, dynastic ties, culture and religion – findthemselves at war in August 1914? In part, as historian Paul Kennedy has argued, it wasbecause London’s liberal ideology contributed to its perception of a growing German threat.

1914年8月，存在贸易、王朝纽带、文化和宗教联系的英国和德国为何开战?从某种程度上来说，正如历史学家保罗肯尼迪(Paul Kennedy)所指出的，那是因为伦敦的自由主义意识形态强化了其关于德国威胁日益加剧的认识。

Filtered through liberalism’s lens, Germany looked militarist, autocratic, mercantilist and statist– and contempt for the country’s political culture added to London’s disquiet. When the warbegan, it quickly came to be seen as a liberal crusade against “Prussianism”.

透过自由主义“棱镜”，德国给人看到的是军国主义、独裁、重商主义和计划经济——而对该国政治文化的鄙视也增加了伦敦的不安。当战争爆发时，人们立刻将之视为一场讨伐“普鲁士主义”的自由主义战争。

In this respect, today’s Sino-American rivalry resembles the pre-1914 Anglo-Germanantagonism. The speed of China’s growth worries US policy makers, as do the geopoliticalimplications of its economic transformation.

从这个方面来说，当今的中美对抗类似于1914年以前的英德对抗。中国的发展速度让美国政策制定者感到担忧，其经济改革对地缘政治的影响同样让美国不安。

Across the American political spectrum, China’s success is attributed to its failure to play bythe rules of free trade – for instance, its habit of manipulating the value of its currency andengaging in industrial espionage. Market-oriented liberalism is the dominant ideology in theUS and, as in pre-1914 Britain, it shapes policy makers’ image of their supposed adversary.

在美国政界上下看来，中国的成功得益于其没有遵守自由贸易规则，例如惯于操纵汇率，以及从事工业间谍活动。以市场为导向的自由主义是美国的主要意识形态，而正如1914年前的英国一样，它决定了政策制定者对他们所以为的对手的印象。

American leaders view China as a nation whose undemocratic political system raises doubtsabout both the scope of its foreign policy ambitions and its trustworthiness as a diplomaticpartner. Moreover, China’s combination of political authoritarianism and state-directedcapitalism causes unease because it challenges the supposed universality of the Americanmodel of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism.

在美国领导人的眼里，中国不民主的政治体制令人怀疑其外交政策雄心的范围，以及其作为外交合作伙伴的可信赖性。此外，中国政治威权主义与国家资本主义的结合令人不安，原因是它挑战了美国模式的自由主义民主和自由市场资本主义的所谓普适性。

Aaron Friedberg, a Princeton University professor, says that for Americans, “the success of amainland [Chinese] regime that blends authoritarian rule with market-driven economics is anaffront.” For members of the US foreign-policy elite, the Chinese threat is not so muchgeopolitical as ideological.

普林斯顿大学(Princeton University)的阿龙弗里德伯格(Aaron Friedberg)教授表示，在美国人看来，“中国大陆政权将威权统治和市场导向的经济学结合在一起所取得的成功是一种侮辱”。对美国上层外交政策制定者来说，中国威胁更多是意识形态层面的，而不是地缘政治上的。

Powerful external and domestic forces are putting the US and China on the road toconfrontation. China aspires to be the regional hegemon in east (and southeast) Asia. The US– the incumbent hegemon, having dominated the region since 1945 – is blocking its path.

各种强有力的内外因素正把美中推上对抗之路。中国渴望成为东亚(以及东南亚)地区的霸主，而自1945年以来主导该地区的现任霸主美国则拦在路上。

Yet America’s predominance in east Asia contributes little to the security of a nation whosegeography and unsurpassed military capabilities would anyway make it close to invulnerable.The US is the most secure great power in history – even more so if you factor in thedeterrent effect of nuclear weapons. The true cause of American insecurity is not animminent encroachment on its territory but the risk that US alliances – especially with Japan –will draw it into a regional conflict.

然而，在东亚地区的主导地位并不会让美国更安全——不管怎样，美国所处的地理位置和拥有的无可匹敌的军事能力让其处于一种近乎无懈可击的状态。美国是历史上最安全的大国——如果你考虑到核武器的威慑作用，就会更肯定这一点。美国真正的不安全因素不是其疆域会遭到入侵，而是同盟关系——尤其是美日同盟——将其拖入地区冲突的风险。

The US wants to maintain its east Asian dominance to keep the region’s markets open toAmerican goods and its people open to liberal ideas. China threatens this openness, on whichAmerica’s security is wrongly believed to depend.

美国希望保持在东亚地区的主导地位，以让该地区的市场继续向美国商品开放，其民众继续接受自由主义思想的熏陶。中国威胁到了这种开放，而美国的安全被错误地以为依赖于这种开放。

The liberal assumptions embedded in American foreign policy put the US at odds with China,and also heighten Beijing’s mistrust of Washington’s intentions and ambitions. The spiral ofanimosity that threatens to culminate in a confrontation between the two countries is inlarge part a creation of American policy.

美国外交政策中蕴含的自由主义思想导致美国与中国立场不一致，也加深了北京方面对华盛顿意图和抱负的不信任感。这种不断增长的、有可能在两国对抗中达到顶峰的敌意，在很大程度上是美国政策导致的。

As China’s rises, Washington has a last clear chance to avoid the looming Sino-Americanconflict.

在中国的崛起过程中，美国有最后的避让机会，可以避免不断迫近眼前的中美冲突真正爆发。

This would entail making real concessions on Taiwan and on China’s territorial claims in the Eastand South China Seas. It would also involve a commitment that Washington would notinterfere in China’s internal affairs.

这需要美国在台湾xx以及中国涉及东中国海和南中国海的领土主张上做出真正的妥协。此外美国也需承诺不干预中国内部事务。

America’s political culture – based on exceptionalism, liberal ideology, and openness – is a bigobstacle to coming to terms with a resurgent China. So is the fact that the foreign-policy eliteremains wedded to American primacy, and refuses to accept that this will inevitably slip awaybecause of the relative decline of US power.

美国建立在例外主义、自由主义思想和开放观念等基础之上的政治文化，是影响美国接受复兴的中国的一大障碍。另一个障碍是，美国外交政策圈子中的精英们依然痴迷于“美国主导地位”，并拒绝接受这种地位随着美国实力相对衰落必将丧失的观点。

History is also a problem.

历史也是一个问题

US policy makers are quick to invoke what they take to be the lessons of the 1930s whileoverlooking the causes of the first world war. David Calleo, a professor at Johns Hopkins, hasobserved that what we should learn from the earlier conflict “is not so much the need forvigilance against aggressors, but the ruinous consequences of refusing reasonableaccommodation to upstarts”.

美国政策制定者迅速摆出他们从上世纪30年代事件中归纳的教训，却无视一战的起因。约翰斯-霍普金斯大学(Johns Hopkins University)的戴维卡莱奥(David Calleo)教授指出，我们应该从更早那场冲突中学到的主要教训，“不是必须警惕侵略者，而是拒绝合理包容新崛起者将带来破坏性后果”。

If the US wants to avoid a future conflict with China, it cannot allow liberal ideology toobstruct a reconciliation with an ever more powerful China. That is the real lesson of 1914.

如果美国想要避免未来与中国发生冲突，就不能让自由主义意识形态妨碍它与越来越强大的中国修好。这是1914年带给我们的真正教训。

There is also a huge difference between Chinese and Western people. Chinese people use chopsticks and western people use fork and knife. Usually people who use fork and knife will use fork to hold the meat and cut it by knife and use fork to help to get that piece of meat into mouse. Chinese just use chopstick to pick things and pass it into your mouse.

Chinese people only have three meals during a day. But western people will have more, they have afternoon tea. Usually they would have fruits, homemade cake, tea (black tea) or biscuit with cheese. If you are a housewife and have a lot of time, you may have morning tea as well.

导语：在现代,每到逢年过节之时,许多人还是保留着贴剪纸的习俗,尤其是在北方地区。剪纸艺术意义深远,起源于中国,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Dear Eric,

You want to know about Chinese paper cut. Here Im glad to tell you something about it.

Chinese paper cut has a long history of over 2,000 years. It can be seen in different parts of China. Many people, no matter young or old, are fond of it.

People in northern part of China do well in making paper cut. They cut paper into different shapes, like birds, animals, flowers and so on.

I think Chinese paper cuts are not only beautiful but also very useful. People usually put them on doors or windows when they celebrate something happy, especially for the Spring Festival. More and more people are interested in it. I hope youll come to China to see more Chinese paper cuts one day.

Best wishes

【参考译文】

亲爱的Eric，

你想知道关于中国剪纸的。在这里我很高兴告诉你一些关于它的事。

中国剪纸有着悠久的历史，有2000多年的历史。在中国的不同地区可以看到它。许多人，不管是年轻人还是老年人，都喜欢它。

中国北方地区的人们在造纸时做的很好。他们把纸张切成不同的形状，像鸟、动物、花等等。

我认为中国剪纸不仅漂亮而且非常有用。人们通常把他们放在门或窗户上，当他们庆祝的东西，特别是春节的时候。越来越多的人对它感兴趣。我希望你能来中国看更多的中国剪纸一天。

The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals value,the pursue of democracy and freedom,the promotion of deploitation and competition and the need of realistic and practicality.Its core is individualism:self first,personal need first,pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment,emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design.This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons,it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.

当传统国学文化与西方文化相遇，当圣诞节与春节“撞车”，随着时代的发展进步，人们越来越趋向于欣赏西方文化。如今，“崇洋媚外”已成为一种风尚；“抨击传统文化，赞赏西方文化“似乎是文学家教育家津津乐道的话题；越来越多的家长希望自己的孩子出国接受国外的教育……我不得不思索，难道中华五千年源远流长的传统文化真的比不上西方文化吗？

其实不然。中西方文化的起源不同，二者追求的信仰也不一样。我们的东方文化受到佛教、以孔子为首的儒家思想和老子的道教思想影响深远，主要追求精神的超脱，追求礼孝忠义，注重个人修养和人与自然的和谐相处。而西方文化起源于古希腊罗马文化，他们拥有平等、自由和开放的观念，追求个人权利以及对自然的探索和求证。因此，中西方文化存在明显的差异，

在文化教育方面，中西方各领风骚。传统国学文化深受儒家影响，中国的教育也注重于培养学生的个人素质，注重基础教育和因材施教。虽说应试教育不利于学生的全面发展，但是我们不能全盘否定我国的教育方式。考试是对学生在某个阶段学习效果的检验。应试教育有助于培养学生的自我思考和独立自主能力。而在西方，无论是在学校还是在家庭都很注重培养一个人的动手和实践能力。曾经有一个二年级的中国孩子，随父母去美国读小学，它的教师告诉他父母说：“我可以告诉你，六年级以前，他们的数学不用学了！”

中西方文化教育的不同直接导致了人们性格修养不同。中国人热情好客，关心和询问别人的身体健康状况是一种有礼貌，有修养的表现。人们一般见面都喜欢相互寒暄：“你吃饭了吗？”“最近过得怎么样？”而西方人喜欢尊重他人隐私，所以才以谈论天气，生活来避免尴尬。中国人提倡默默无闻和无私奉献精神，以集体利益为重，个人利益为轻，崇尚助人为乐和不求回报。但是西方人的自我中心意识很强，他们个人荣誉感极强，把个人利益放在第一位，并且推崇个人奋斗，强调多劳多得。

传统国学文化历史悠久，源远流长。漫步在历史的长廊中，我们可以细细品味抒写美的爱情，反映现实生活的《诗经》。穿越过春秋战国时期的百家争鸣的文化盛宴，我们有唐诗宋词元曲明清小说……伟大的祖先留给我们的文化瑰宝如同满天繁星般璀璨，是每个民族都可望不可及的。传统国学文化是华夏子女的历史财富，是我国全人类的文化遗产，我们应当学会珍惜。

面对着中西方文化的差异，当外来文化“入侵”时，我们应当取之精华，采取谦虚，不卑不亢的态度。对于我们的传统文化，我们则需要总结提炼其精华，推崇提倡中华民族文化之瑰宝，才能培养更高素质的人才。

根据霍夫斯泰德对文化所下的定义，文化是在同一个环境中的人们所具有的“共同的心理程序”，是由相同的教育背景和生活经历所决定的。因此，各个不同的民族或地域之前会存在文化差异，因为其中的人会受到教育、社会和工作经验的影响。以东西方的文化差异为例，中国是一个崇尚大权力距离的国家，而美国是权力距离相对较小的国家。因此，地位象征对中国人来说尤为重要，认为上级所拥有的特权是理所当然的;而美国人则认为人与人之间是平等的。此外，西方人相对比较个人主义而东方人则更看重集体主义。在个人主义的社会中，人们重视自身的价值和需要，依靠个人的努力来为自己谋取利益，而在集体主义国家，人们把自己融入到一个或几个集体中，在这些集体中找到属于自己的位置，人们在精神上依赖于集体，因此，和谐在这些国家中显得尤为重要。在东西方文化中，还存在以下三个主要的文化差异，即不确定性规避、男性度与女性度以及长期取向与短期取向。

The difference between chinese and western culture

With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.

First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the

main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.

Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’ productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and

English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.

In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.

The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony many other Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether it

brings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.

The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’ aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the

society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.

When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.

We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.

So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible.

However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.