中国餐桌礼仪英语作文2篇 作文高中【精彩20篇】

World Environment Day is started from 1972, which is established by the United Nations General Assembly for raising global awareness to take actions to protect the Nature. The establishment of World Environment Day shows people’s the cognition and the attitude to the environmental problem, and expresses our human beings’ desire of pursuing the better environment. Every year the United Nations Environment Program proposes a theme, and the 2014 theme of this day will focus on ‘Small Island and Climate change’ and the slogan is “Raise Your Voice Not the Sea Level”.

世界环境日，起始于1972年，它是联合国为了提高全球的环保意识而创建的。环境日的创立展现了人们对环境问题的认识和态度，表达了人们对美好环境的追求渴望。每一年联合国环境规划署都会提出一个环境日主题，而的主题主要着重于小岛屿与气候变化，今年的口号是“提高你的呼声，而不是海平面”。

World Environment Day can be celebrated in lots of ways, for instances, planting trees, doing some recycling, participating the clean-up campaigns and so on. Certainly people can also do something simple, like going to work by bus instead of private cars. I believe if everyone takes environmental actions as a habit, we are doing a big difference for the better environment.庆祝世界环境日的方式多种多样，例如植树，对废物进行循环利用，参加清洁行动等等。

当然，人们也可以做些简单的小事来纪念，比如说不做私家车上班，改乘公交车去上班。我相信只要大家都将这些环保小事当作习惯，我们将会为建造美好环境做出重大贡献。

[高中英语作文：世界环境日

Probably more food is consumed during the New Year celebrations than any other time of the year.

或许春节中食物的消耗比一年中其他时候都要大

Vast amounts of traditional food is prepared for family and friends, as well as those close to us who have died.

大量的传统食物被准备给家人和朋友,同样还有逝去的亲近的人

On New Years Day, the Chinese family will eat a vegetarian dish called jai.

在春节当天,中国家庭将吃一种蔬菜制的名为"jai"(春卷……大概)的食物

Although the various ingredients in jai are root vegetables or fibrous vegetables, many people attribute various superstitious aspects to them.

尽管春卷里的配料都只是根菜或粗纤维蔬菜，许多人还是把各种迷信方面的事归于它们

Other foods include a whole fish, to represent togetherness and abundance, and a chicken for prosperity.

用其他食物，包括一整条鱼，来代表团圆和富饶，或一只鸡来代表兴旺

The chicken must be presented with a head, tail and feet to symbolize completeness. Noodles should be uncut, as they represent long life.

这只鸡必须要有头有胃还有脚来象征完整。面则不能被切断，因为他们代表了长寿

In south China, the favorite and most typical dishes were nian gao, sweet steamed glutinous rice(糯米)pudding and zong zi (glutinous rice wrapped up in reed(芦苇)leaves), another popular delicacy.

在南方，最受喜爱和具代表性的食物是用甜糯米捏成的年糕，另一道受欢迎的美食是用芦苇包上糯米作成的粽子。

In the north, steamed-wheat bread (man tou) and small meat dumplings were the preferred food.

在北方，馒头和小甜饺是首选

The tremendous amount of food prepared at this time was meant to symbolize abundance and wealth for the household

这种时候准备巨量的食品是味了象征家庭的丰饶，富有。

The 15-Day Celebration of Chinese New Year

The first day of the Lunar New Year is the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth.Many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.

On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.

The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.

The fifth day is called Po Woo. On that day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. No one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.

On the sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.

The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce. These farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion. The seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. Noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.

On the eighth day the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.

The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.

The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited for dinner. After so much rich food, on the 13th day you should have simple rice congee and mustard greens (choi sum) to cleanse the system.

The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival which is to be held on the 15th night.

[高中英语作文：元宵佳节

Every child needs to receive education and they spend so much time to learn

knowledge, whether they are like or not. The adults always tell their children

that as they are young and full of energy, so they should learn knowledge and

skills, but most kids dont know the necessity of study. The most important

reason to study is to keep pace with the time. We live in the society that we

need to make connections with others. If we dont get the newest information, we

will be kicked out and have no idea what they are talking about, then isolation

happens. Whats more, when we are equipped with skills, we can make our choices

and take charge of our life. In order to live the comfortable life, we must

study hard and fight for our future.

梦，是人生路上的指南针;梦，是每个人为之努力的方向;梦，是每个人心中的摇篮。每个人都有自己的梦，如果把每个人的梦都凝聚在一起，就是一个硕大的中国梦!我心中一直有个梦，那就是——把微笑传给每一个人。

记得那次我家还住在乡下平房的时候，一场大雨过后，那条每周我上辅导班必经的小河上的水泥桥被河水和冲得早已不见踪影，却只有水泥桥对面的圆木桥，那个平时我空手走也要胆战心惊许久的桥。

面对那桥我犹豫不决，还有十分钟就要上课了。我猛地扛起车，做了一个“伟大”的决定：扛车从桥上走过去。前几十米，我在雄赳赳气昂昂的气氛中进行。渐渐地，脚下的木头在不停的抖着，桥下的水湍急的流着，我的腿开始打软，好像不能再支撑我身体重量。我不知自己是怎样走到桥中央的，我的脚步顿时寸步难挪。哗哗的流水声使我更加害怕，使我几次差点把我自己心爱的车扔进河里去。

就在这进退两难的时刻，突然，肩上的车子轻了起来，继而渐渐地离开了我肩膀。是一只大手从我手中取下自行车的。那一刻，心中有无法说出的感激。我扭过头：一张陌生的脸上充满了最朴实的微笑。时间不容我细看，那一瞬间，那个微笑那么真诚、那么可爱!

车子和我终于安全到达对岸，满心的感激使我仔细地看看那微笑的脸：不算黑的皮肤，眯细的双眼挡不住那真诚的目光，干裂的嘴唇微微张开——一位四十多岁朴实的农民。

这一笑，普通得再普通!那一笑我始终不能忘记，它是人世间最美好的东西。我曾试着以同样的微笑去扶跌倒的儿童，以同样的微笑去帮助行走困难的老人。每当我不求回报帮助别人并赋之最纯真的微笑时，那藏在心中的笑的价值与含义得到了体现。

所以，我一直有个梦：把微笑送给每个需要它的人。让每一个接受笑的人再送给需要它的人。那是一种称不上崇高却足以让自己自豪的滋味。如果每个人都做到了，那么一个伟大的中国梦——人与人之间和谐共处，就可以实现了。

因此我要用我的梦，去传递中国梦!

There is a saying that man proposes, god disposes, which means man plan the

things and the rest of the outcome lies in the luck. This saying reflects the

connection between hard-work and luck, which is though sometimes we have worked

so hard, luck occupies great position, the unexpected things happen and refrain

us from succeeding. In order to be successful, people work so hard, they believe

they can achieve their goals, but lacking luck stops them achieving their goals.

So working hard doesn’t mean bringing people success directly, they just need to

try more times, without luck, they still can make their goals. Luck can help

people close to success, without hard-work, they can’t be successful. Hard-work

and luck make people realize their goals, but without luck, people still can

make it by trying more times.

悠远的时光，和平恬静的日子，这是中国远古的农耕时代。

男人们从田地里满头大汗地回来，泥泞的身子，沉重的脚步。女人心疼极了，连忙递过一条湿润的毛巾，端上精心烹调的食物，递过茶水，看男人狼吞虎咽的吃相。家中小小的男孩走过去，和爸爸一起吃。小女儿过去的时候却被妈妈拦住了：“哥哥将来也会和爸爸一样辛苦。让他们先吃。咱们管家，食物由我们来做，我们随时都可以吃。”

一种自然而然的分工，一种因工作性质的不同而产生的关爱和谅解，在时光的洪流中被毫无修改地完全保留，成为了一种公式，一种制度，一种男性天经地义地优越性。而且越演越烈，成为了传统文化中地一部分。“女人是低贱的，是微不足道的”成了传统的中国人根深蒂固的观念。

民俗是一个国家最朴实的东西，它反应了的是普通老百姓最简单的日常生活。本是远古社会的一种自然的生活状态，被后人沿袭了下来。经过一些所谓“理学家”的“正人君子”的提炼，变成了正当的压迫女子的工具。

“三从四德”是根据“内外有别”、“男尊女卑”的原则，对妇女在一生在道德、行为、修养的进行的规范要求。“三从”指“未嫁从父，既嫁从夫，夫死从子”，引申为作为女儿、妻妇和母亲的妇女应对男性服从。但妇女屈从由来已久，“女”字在商代甲骨文中就是屈身下跪的形象。“四德” 指妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功。简单来说就是要求女人要少说话，多做事，极尽自己的所能去取悦男性。而“七出”就是丈夫抛弃妻子的种种“正当”的理由，谓“妇有‘七去’：不顺父母(此指公婆)，去;无子，去;淫，去;妒，去;有恶疾，去;多言，去;窃盗，去。

这几乎含盖了生活的方方面面，女子如履薄冰，稍有犯戒就被打如万劫不复的深渊。这种无形的力量把女子紧紧地束缚住。鲁迅笔下的狂人翻开史书，看到的全是“吃人”。其中的那本《列女传》，还不仅仅是“吃人”，简直就是一部妇女的自虐记事录。

在中国的民俗传统中，浸满了女人的眼泪，就叫做‘千红一窟(哭)，万艳同杯(悲)。

裹小脚

从前，我国的女子，不论官宦小姐还是农家姑娘，从小就要用一根长长的布条把脚裹起来，裹得又尖又小，象莲花瓣一样，所以有“三寸金莲”之称。这几乎算是一种生理伤残，但这种伤残被认为是一种美的表现，延续了几千年。

关于这种病态的审美的出现，有两个不同的传说。

1.裹小脚，妃(非)你莫属

传说，从前，有这么个宫女，年年选妃子时选不上她，为此很伤心。她绞尽脑汁，想尽一切办法，要争得皇上的宠爱。有一天，她想了个主意，用布把自己的脚裹起来，天天缠，日日裹，日久天长，这脚就缠小了。她思谋着：脚小跳舞利索，轻盈好看，这样皇上会喜欢她。

一回，皇上让宫内所有的宫女都出来跳舞，宫女们浓妆艳抹，切娜多姿，各个打扮得花枝招展，但她们谁也没有小脚宫女跳舞跳得好看。这下，引起了皇上的注意，皇上便命小脚宫女单独跳舞。小脚宫女深知皇上喜爱自己，更是眉飞色舞，脚小，屁股扭，腰极软，皇上看得迷了心，最后选小脚宫女为妃子。这个宫女总算达到了目的，从这以后，皇上下了一道圣旨，宫内宫女要缠足，天下民女要缠足。以后，社会上流传着一种顺口溜：小脚女人嫁秀才，又吃好的又自在，大脚女人嫁奴才，耕田种地少衣没吃不自在。后来裹小脚很时兴。女人的脚讲究要三寸金莲，也就是说脚越小越好。

2.裹小脚，扬长避短宠爱到

传说，从前有个皇帝叫曹庄，选了个非常美丽的妃子。一天晚上，曹庄皇帝到这个妃子寝宫住宿的时候，突然发现妃子的脚是三个指头，形状象鸡爪子一般，很难看。 “怎么你的脚象鸡爪子似的?”曹庄很惊奇的问。 妃子见皇帝讨厌自己的脚，感到很害羞，于是，又用两手把美丽的脸蛋捂了起来。

曹庄看着妃子的脚实在难看，就命令她用黑布把脚裹起来，妃子没办法，只好忍着疼痛裹起了脚。曹庄见妃子裹脚后走起路来阿娜多姿，如翩翩起舞，很好看，别的女子走路远不如妃子的姿态优美。对她就宠爱万分。妃子缠脚的事，很快传出宫去，普天下的女子都裹了脚，于是就兴起了裹脚。

从上面这些来源看，女人的裹脚源自争取男性(尤其是皇帝)的宠幸。中国文学中就有一个很重要的内容――“闺怨”，或者是“宫怨”。“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色”多少女子的青春年华在后宫的苦苦等待中蹉跎尽了，真正能够得到宠幸的却少之又少。“有不得见者三十六年”“入时十六今六十”即使见到了又怎样呢?原来怨的只不过是没有得到君王恩幸罢了。直白地说，就是没有受到君王的玩弄罢了。就算君王“三千宠爱在一身”也不过是把其当作一件美丽的玩具，马嵬坡上演的丑剧就足以证明。而《红楼梦》中的元春封为晋妃，全家风光，“烈火烹油，鲜花着簇”该是幸福的吧，可是她回家省亲却是一片呜咽，埋怨父母把她送到那见不得人的去处。君王尚且如此，就更不要指望将士或者平民百姓回怜香惜玉了。围城之中，什么都吃完了，主帅便带头杀了爱妾，分给军士吃，然后吃城里的女人，然后才吃老弱的男性。这样的例子史书里比比皆是，而且不是野史，都是堂堂的正史。在这样的环境中，女人身不由己地争取男人的宠爱，都是为了让自己本已经很悲惨的日子好过些。

况且裹脚本身就是一种对身体残忍地伤害。《镜花缘》里有一段林之洋在女儿国被迫裹脚的描写，可见裹脚的残忍与变态。

上来两个宫娥，都跪在地下，扶住“金莲”，把绫袜脱去。那黑须宫娥取了一个矮凳，坐在下面，将白绫从中撕开，先把林之洋右足放在自己膝盖上，用些白矾酒在脚缝内，将五个脚指紧紧靠在一处，又将胸面用力曲作弯弓一般，即用白绫缠裹;才缠了两层，就有宫娥象著针线上来密密缝口：一面狠缠，一面密缝。林之洋身旁既有四个宫娥紧紧靠定，又被两个宫娥把脚扶住，丝毫不能转动。及至缠完，只觉脚上如炭火烧的一般，阵阵疼痛。不觉一阵心酸，放声大哭道：“坑死俺了!”两足缠过，众宫娥草草做了一双软底大红鞋替他穿上。话说林之洋两只“金莲”，被众宫人今日也缠，明日也缠，并用药水熏洗，未及半月，已将脚面弯曲折作两段，十指俱已腐烂，日日鲜血淋漓。不知不觉，那足上腐烂的血肉都已变成脓水，业已流尽，只剩几根枯骨。 ;贞洁牌坊

牌坊本来就是一道奇异的门。一道可以将人带进文化历史里，可以的开不同性质空间的门。

牌坊可以为一个动人的故事、一段忠义的事迹而设，为某一个大型的庆典而临时建造，有时会因时节，为环境或建筑物加添新衣，有时又会单单为表扬一个妇女的贞节淑德而大事铺张。树牌坊是旌表德行，承沐后恩，流芳百世之举，是古代是人们一生的最高追求。

贞洁牌坊也许是唯一能和列女传并驾齐驱的表彰妇女的方式。理学家们除宣扬孝道外，还大力宣传贞节观念。。“从夫”里就有对丈夫忠诚不贰，丈夫死后不事二夫，甚至殉夫的要求。春秋时期息国国君夫人息夫人，在丈夫被楚国俘获，楚王逼她为夫人，她以死相拒，成为史书表彰贞节的模范。历代官方表彰贞节烈成为制度，在人心中打下深深的烙印，无形的舆论压力渗透到每一个角落，导致一些妇女自残生命，甚至在丈夫将要病死和战死前，妻妾们提前殉节，表示对丈夫的忠诚。宋代理学家程颐就曾说过“饿死事极小，失节事极大。”这种存“天理”灭“人欲”的节烈观，像一把剑，杀人不见血。。贞洁牌坊给妇女戴上光彩照人的镣铐，一言一行都受到监督和束缚。一座座用血泪凝铸的节孝牌坊为不幸的妇女带来了无上荣光，更影响了千千万万的妇女甘愿受礼教的摧残。典型的例子就是《红楼梦》里的李纨。她青春丧偶，居家于膏粱锦绣之中，竟如槁木死灰一般，惟知侍养亲子，做些针凿诵读而已。待到儿子加官进爵，自己却黄泉路近，只是“枉为他人作笑谈”罢了。

贞洁牌坊不仅树立在地上，更树立在人们的心中。许多女人是在外人的窃窃私语和戳点的手指中，被自己的亲人逼死的。明朝的海瑞是被赞扬的有名的清官，以耿介直谏著称。但他又是一名严酷的父亲。姚叔祥《见只编》记载，一天，海瑞看见他5岁的女儿吃一个糕饼，就问糕饼是谁给的，当得知是某仆人给的时海瑞大怒，训斥女儿说：“女子哪能随便接受男仆的糕饼?你不是我的女儿!你如果能饿死，才算我的女儿!”小女从此吓得啼哭不止，不喝也不吃，家里人怎么哄她劝她也没有用，7天之后真的饿死了。女子的生命在这样的条件下显得如此微不足道，“女贞”，“女节”几个字眼就可以轻易地葬送她们地生命，不管她们是不是才华横溢，志行高卓的。

中国农业文明的背景和以儒家为主的文化决定了对女子的态度。因为男子天生的体力优势。所以，旧时农业的分工是男主外女主内，男人在外面从政、打仗、服役、种地、打猎及经商等。女人在家里务蚕织、生儿育女、孝敬公婆。随着社会的发展，男人的外部空间越来越大，越来越开放。而女人的内部空间却是有限的、封闭的。男人参与政治、军事，有了特权，逐渐形成了在居住、活动、交往、行为等日常生活中的内外障隔――“内言不出，外言不入”、“男女授受不亲”等，“男女大妨”的礼教。周灭商，建立了第一个血缘贵族统治的包括嫡长子继承制、分封制等的制度文明，称为“周公礼制”。权位的分配和继承需要确定贵族男子纯净的血统以及和睦安宁的家庭。所以明文规定“内外有别”，让妇女退回家庭。女子参与军政大事就是“牝鸡司晨，惟家是索”。而这就成了维护家长制、决定对妇女的“三从四德”等一系列规条的依据。是几千年男尊女卑的基础和得以延续的根源。

由于这样复杂的社会渊源，礼教特别注意教诫训导妇女的道德行为，使之符合父权――夫权家庭的需要，强调的是女性在男性主导的社会中的配合与服从，也更重视男女之间的协作和家庭的人际关系。像害怕女人“利口覆家帮”。而大家庭最恨妇女之间以言辞挑拨离间家庭成员不和，所以对妇女提出“妇言”的要求。而女子承担的纺织等妇功不但是家庭得以延续的重要保证，也是历代国家赋税收入的重要来源。班固在《汉书・食货志》中指出，妇女昼作夜集，每月相当于45个劳动日，比男人还要辛苦。但这一切变得越来越严苛，尤其当程朱理学出现后，甚至成为了一种极端的压迫，导致了种种悲剧的产生。不知道儒家素来讲究的“中庸之道”去了哪里。

早期的两河文明、波斯文明、古希腊文明和古埃及文明大多属于游牧文明和商业文明，男尊女卑没有中国严重。古埃及好几位有名的君主都是女性。但后来根据一些哲学家和神学家的二元论即：男性=精神+理性、女性=肉体+感性，认为妇女天生智力低下，不适合从政，但贵妇得以向教会和法律施加影响，争取更多的权利。到了黑暗的中世纪，神学将男女二元论对立并推向极端，他们大量杀死被指控为“巫师”的妇女。而自16世纪开始的宗教改革，它强化了家庭与婚姻重要性和明确了男女内外分工，妇女接受的教育是服务于丈夫与孩子，成为贤妻良母，这种状况直到近代女权运动兴起才受到挑战。而反观中国，从来没有对妇女的极端仇视，更没有大规模的迫害。

经过一系列的改革之后，女性在中国的地位已经大大地提高，但男尊女卑的就观念仍就留在某些人精神深处、蠢蠢欲动，影响种种判断的公平性。要达到真正的男女平等，还需要相当的时间与精力的投入。

曾经在医院里见过装有雌雄两种激素的小瓶。男人和女人巨大的差别就蕴藏于其中，所有的神秘，都简化成一个枯燥的分子式。两种激素的作用虽有天壤之别，但外观是那样地相似，如果把玻璃瓶上的字迹擦掉，就完全分辨不出来。

希望有一天，男尊女卑的问题也像这样简单。

My balcony had a basin of the unnamed flower.

See it for the first time, I was a teenager. Now I have grown up, think of it, still have a kind of inarticulate feeling in my heart. This kind of say a feeling, is the result of early that morning I see the unnamed flowers are just beginning to fade. Actually I also didnt say, this unnamed flower has a special magic, it in my house a few years ago, four seasons flower, beautiful, such as Yang, never fade in half petal. That morning, I was watching a petal stubborn and without hesitation to fall down, and with cold ceramic tile to a big hug. At that moment, I suddenly felt something will happen, but for a while say do not go up. When I was at school, because cant be late, will no longer think about it. Walk on my way to school, still want to wait until after school, the petals piece of stubborn picked up, reserved for memorial. Because on this day, I just turned eighteen.

18 for each childs desire for freedom is a wonderful Numbers. It represents the after so many years of efforts, they have loose the cage, want the visual sky, can try it in the cage of forging iron wings how hard. It represents himself may and was named the "social" one step closer to friends. It represents the perhaps yourself can give up something to get something, money, power, beauty, perhaps will come in succession for 18 years old. It represents the worlds major changes will occur. It represents a more, once those years was as corrupt and rotten wood, do not see it.

The day when I get to school rollerblading, are close to being late. The campus gate in front of my eyes. Nearly three years, the BanJiu half a new door still stubborn alive, maybe it is not meet in this town all the children will give up. But all the things do not change in this world? Those new faces and we these old face, every day ever to this every night no matter the storm or summer sorching blatant is unknown, "Damon said emotional words? I dont know.

On the way to class, see some friends, saw several teachers. There seems to be waiting for us the several teachers that a few students go to and they say hello. My parents are both teachers, because of family background, I am the first to say "hello", and they pretended to be surprised and looked at me, and said, "the student didnt come, how you can quickly be late, running forward, quick!" I naturally smiled and quickly ran to the class. Class stood at the door of my teacher, is a woman. Her eyes are very like zhou libo, and her eyes, eyes also can call it small, especially plus she fat short short stature, is a very has the characteristics of the woman. She stood at the door almost every day especially stresses the students for being late, and I was just in the range of her prey. So that morning I was caught. Due to the high tension line from the late for class, one of the high tension line other cluster, such as smoking and alcohol hand in your homework left early to early love is not what of, the deepest impression is the two late and puppy love. Occasionally, that day I was sent off in the hallway, there are a few classroom teacher passed, also what all dont say, hurried away. I have to empty the brain will occasionally think of petals in the morning. Standing to the class in the second quarter, as usual, the teacher in charge over lectured, could hear clear voice of the next class, had to memorize her lines of I, I remember she said so, "said how much time, you how still late! You are bully! Since political the teacher in charge teacher not you look at you, you have become what shit kind? Do you have any qualification to become like this? Dont feel good humiliate is here to see me? Dont think I dont know what youre thinking, yesterday evening class when I heard you say I should not leave their anger to you, I am? I was for hello! So some test points and face to all the students in this class! I tell you, yesterday evening class you have seen it, dont think she is a girl I wouldnt call her, short of breath eyes so I call her, do you think I cant play you!?" They might have been in my chest conveniently to fall, two fists, and then it was over.

The morning of the third class hour lesson, I sat in the last row, only hear political the teacher said: "your task now is to learn, not to fall in love! I ask you, you fall in love is a living now? Is to be able to earn money for the family? Can be a good life when buying a car to buy a house?" "You dont understand what is love, lets study hard." I a surprised, the in the mind was thinking, why dont you adults do you understand? We dont know, Im afraid you dont know. Now that dont know, what you are talking about love get married? "Love this thing namely sin, but love and marriage, marriage is need to be legal, obviously, you are not legal." I was thinking, oh, the original love is so simple. Then those who gave their life in order to know what is love man is a fool, love them knowing you cant have them in sight, why have in common? "Good, digression it said so much, we come to the new lesson." Political teacher (turn, I breathe a sigh of relief, opened the book. After a few minutes, as he spoke in the thick of the tables and a turn, suddenly said: "say so, college entrance exam is a lot of books, this needs us to read books, how to understand? Is rote learning." I suddenly feel head bumped into a wall, so we have to raise head to look at him. "I usually ask you more back endorsement multiple do just dont listen to, to see why the wrong topic study it more wrong line not line?" "The university entrance exam questions usually asked you, you have to follow the steps the teacher teach you careful careful answer, what did the teacher teach you answering technique is important to remember, and just now I said the words to write beautiful, where what to write, write what, to learn how to win the favor of the judge a teacher understand?" The whole class nodded, I felt a shock, feel whole body uncomfortable. "The classmates, so you must carefully analyse the topic of the university entrance exam, you learn knowledge is useful, is to use is local, and the university entrance exam is that you give full play to the knowledge of the battlefield!" Some of my heart be agitated, thought can you dont always say that the college entrance examination of college entrance examination, some knowledge, we would like to listen to the teacher. Next I fiercely another think, according to the political the teacher said, if one day the university entrance exam is not so important, that the knowledge we learn if there is no place? Ten minutes behind, political the teacher will fall in love with the college entrance examination in the successful into his lecture, although the knowledge to be a little less, and sentence words cannot leave the university entrance exam, but we still benefit a lot from his word, of course, is only related to the college entrance examination. Finally, when the fourth session of the class when the bell rings, he slowly, a word said to us: "the classmates, although still attended to this class, class is over. By the way, dont think my words, if the university entrance exam is not so important, what you will do, the teachers wont tube. The teacher is for the sake of your future dont failed to live up to the teachers expectations." Words fall, the whole class burst into warm applause, wait until after the teacher left, suddenly dead silence in the room.

The fourth lesson is math class. Math class style and political lesson perfectly, but there is a characteristic, is depressing. Dont know what is now the students psychological quality is bad or math teacher for personal reasons. Grade math teacher is a director and vice President. When he exalts hands in the corridor after training a bad student, he took his frightening face, standing on the podium with a proud look in the eyes and the tone of pride subdue the students below. We do in the following, dont make any noise. Teacher speak, we listen, we listen to the teacher speak. I do not know when, the door of the class rang, and there stood a classmate, seems to be something for vice President, the math teacher first turned a deaf ear to him, then the impatient stared his one eye, the eye we all know that mean dont his mama bother me in class. Can the students did not seem to understand, is still persistent stood there, still occasionally knocked on the door, the math teacher finally unbearable, he drink a cry: "what do you want to do!" Run down the platform, the other hand school taken away, 1 of "pa" button on the desk, pick up a pen to write a few words. "Take it! It day by day for you to sign, some headaches brain hot just want to ask off for a day, it is no wonder that losers." After the students simply bowed goes. The teacher finally back to the podium to lecture. "You cant learn them, you be the last class in the school, however, do you hear?" Words fall, there was a knock on the door again. "And who ah!" We see with frowning teacher towards the door, oh, turned out to be a sports teacher.

Our position is in the playground now.

On the day of the emergence of the PE teacher gave us a big surprise, although it is first surprise after sorrow, but can go out already very good. When sports teacher said to the test, the whole class at the same time issued a harsh voice, and the math teacher said: "what ao, ao sigh what spirit, to I go to the playground! See you a sickly, quick go to!" So the class suddenly disappeared. And when I leave, see clearly the expression of the math teacher is very reluctant.

If a big team, we three people standing on the playground, not far from other classes. Sports teacher divided us into two teams, men and women can have a look at the boy only three people, and three boys points us to other classes. The whistle went, girls first run. Dozens of girls twittering messy and straight to the end. Whistle sounded again, seeks for boys to hang long red cloth. Final results down, each of us is not qualified! Teachers complain about us, we blame the teacher, we say that physical education is seldom at ordinary times, two classes a week to the Lord had closed now. Spare time we are going to study, rest day we also want to learn, the teacher leave homework so much, write not over will be fined. Get up at half past six in the morning at ten o clock in the evening after school, we are really had a teacher. The teacher gave us a white said: "they used to have P.E. classes when you exercise?" One student raised his hand and said: "you what all dont teach us how we exercise? Several football, basketball, volleyball, lack of exercise equipment, there is no way to take exercise. Physical education classes dont every time you let us free to dissolve, then again, what I had meant to be run in P.E. class, but that help the girls eyes is clearly says you see where the man is a waste of time, it is better to go to study, go for a walk, dont worry about him, this let us how to exercise?" The teacher paused and said, "I also want to take on a physical education, but school on this piece of not value, can I?" We all sighed. See the teachers face suddenly a variable said: "have enough rest, rest enough will give me the test, the test failed the college entrance examination who give bonus points are you going?" We cry ground, so we returned to the track. Results this time, we ran a lesson.

Every day for the past few years, I gradually adapt to these things from morning to night. At noon on the day we put in learning, rather than junior high school, the only advantage is that high school lunch break a little longer, junior high school lunch break, a lesson high school lunch an hour and a half. Time has passed for half an hour when I return home, cook dinner in half an hour, the remaining half an hour for sleeping. Even when I am going to bed, suddenly thought of that piece of withered petals, I subconsciously looked at there, I saw it was dark in half. I would like to pick it up, but suffer from pressed for time, sleep matters. So I will just go to sleep, wait to come back in the evening. Results woke up I found - I was ill.

Hurry the sweat of my parents in my house, I am weak weak ground to say: "take me to the hospital." Dad sat by my side said to me: "dont go to hospital do? Now foreign early intravenous drop." I carried the weak eyes, said: "is that foreigners in good health." Dad against me and said, "your body is not good?" "I..." An awkward, my face turned away from them. Mother said: "straighten, perhaps for a while and went back home to have a." She paused, and sigh said: "just afternoon class what to do." I turned to a way: "I like, do you still think the class this afternoon." Dad said: "if you know what, you dont test go on to college live what eat what to drink what to wear in the future?" "Oh! Well, I dont want to hear it. Let me sleep for a while." I said in a weak. Dad said: "have you the so talk to parents? We are here to hello!" Mom said hurriedly pull dad walked.

That day at that moment I suddenly feel the world quiet a lot. Dont know how long, I more uncomfortable, so just call them, said: "I dont stay up, take me to the hospital." Father embarrassed said: "according to this situation is certainly want to go to hospital, but the hospital where have people we know." I dont speak with your eyes open. Mother for a long time later said, "the child his dad, isnt your sisters classmate work in a hospital? I heard that seems a what director, go and her son." Dress "ah well, lets go. In fact, an injection is bad, is all hormones." I impatient, weak weak ground to say: "run!" So we three went to the hospital at last.

Went there and found the director, pay the list, and hanging water ward, one more students like young men.

My mother bought me to eat, come back to open on see, fruit juice, potato chips, bread, everything in it. I wont unscrew juice, one hand my mother hands, turned the, just drink one mouthful, my dad said: "dont drink, is full of preservatives, hurriedly threw it." My mother and I smell speech have to forget about it. So I picked up the chips again, "dont eat! This what junk food, eat the poison you!" Dad said with a straight face. My mother and I smell speech have to forget about it. Then I picked up the bread, after opening with a few leaves, I just wanted to send into the mouth, dad said: "dont eat, who know that vegetables are true or false." "Dont listen to him, to eat!" My mother impatient, white a glance at my dad said: "suspicious of all day." My dad a listen to is not happy, immediately retorted: "who said you suspicious? Reported online didnt see?" Mom seems to dont want to let him, and said: "online reports are true? Want to you to say so, we can still eat? At home, just bought rice you suspect false, just bought sunflower oil you say false, now you say these things is false, you have finished?" "You!" / dad, its in the hospital, mother dont face dad? Forget it, go home to deal with you again.

The infusion bag or bottle a total of three hours, three times, there are three kinds of medicine, spent a lot of money, time and cost a lot. After we finished it was slightly late. On the way home, mom and dad constantly complain about the medical expenses are too expensive. Dad complained the if the money can be saved can buy a better razor, mom complain if the money can be saved can buy a new dress, she recently saw a coat on taobao is medical costs money. I walk behind them. Night breeze cool, gradually darken the sky no stars, only the moon still there looking at me. The dark night sky seemed to let me see not clear who is walking in front, also cant see passers-by, more cant see myself. The world suddenly become so dark after the sun goes down. Somehow, I suddenly thought of in the darkness that withered petals half dark. I close my eyes and wanted to think everything happened today, suddenly understand what. What is it? Today is my birthday.

To light in the distance to my dream, they turned around said to me: "children, mom and dads skill, only when a teacher, when you grow up must take an examination of a good university in the future, this is the only way to go. You only take an examination of a good university, can have a good job, as long as there is a good job to make a lot of money, come on baby, I believe you can, can adapt to the program, to adapt to the society." In the dark I nodded slightly, and then I can feel their satisfied smile. When they turned to go, I use willing nodded his head.

The night seems to go for a long time, the moon is full of smile quietly hung in the sky look at also busy people at night. Her face was full of stains and ravines, that are left traces of time. But people look up to her, or same feeling like the original her white and flawless. However, people have seen the moon the same?

We finally came home, I take off my shoes and straight to the balcony, the fallen petal have completely turned into a black, quietly rotting away. A shock in my heart, indeed as expected and I think the same. Beside the petals, I do think if we can pick up a little earlier it would be great, but I think again, soon? I really want to have no time. Even if is really picked up, reality will change? Maybe, maybe not. Mother saw me sitting on the ground in the sitting room, hurriedly loudly told me: "dont sit on the ground! Trousers dirty!" I heard stood up, patted the dust of your pants, how to also can not take off, I think, mother have to wash the clothes again tomorrow. I sighed, and looked at the basin of the unnamed flower, and want to in my heart, maybe tomorrow there will be a petal wither, perhaps, is the time. Maybe, too, the end of my life from now on, start from now on.

I looked at the unnamed flower, in my heart silently made a wish.

Happy birthday to my 18 years old.

[生日快乐高中英语作文

Most westerners always celebrate Christmas Day as their major festival, in

order to memorialize Jesus. During that time, they always have several days off,

so they can enjoy this festival with all their hearts. The children often get

together with their friends. The adults are busy with decorating their houses.

They also send the postcards with their best wishes to each other. In the

streets, there are so many Fathers Christmas sending presents to the passers-by.

And everything is on a discount in the supermarkets. Thus the supermarkets are

the busiest places.

In the evening, the families usually have pudding, sandwiches, apple pies

and some other desserts for dinner. After supper, the families always sing and

dance around the Christmas tree. Sometimes, they also go to church. Before going

to bed, the children often hang up their stockings beside their bed, so that

Father Christmas will fill them with presents. It is said that Father Christmas

always drives a deer to the human world and entering into each house from the

chimney. Now the children no longer believe in Father Christmas, but they still

hang up their stockings, because their parents will fill them with presents.

My teacher is a language teacher, I even named her medium height, slender build very, very white skin, thin face, long hair. At high straight nose, her smile on his white teeth. Teachers have a pair of big eyes, worse, and I have a small back Xiang Li said, Suddenly I heard the name of teacher, I look back and see the teacher uses the eyes looked at me sternly. I anxiously pretend seriously today, I think I will never have dared to make a small case. Teachers work very hard for every day she patiently taught us very early to go to school to learn to read. counseling our homework. Her health is not very good, but she still adhere to our school. Teachers of our study was very strict, whenever we did not complete homework, No matter who she has relentlessly criticized him. As I recall, in a language at home is dictated word, I listened to three little words, thinking no big deal. be next morning, she discovered that I did not finish the work, I go to the podium. She hit me with the paddle while CFS, a serious side to me : "We must be completed on time after homework!" Teachers like my mother showed us We have much respect and love her.

[我的老师高中英语作文

As temperatures continue to drop in Northern China, many winter holiday resorts in the Jilin Province are seeing booming business.

At the Chagan Lake, people are skiing, skating and motor racing on the frozen terrain. The lake is located near the city of Songyuan. Meanwhile, in the city of Siping, the 4th Ice and Snow Tourism Festival is in full swing at the Yehe royal ski resort. Brave skiiers speed down the mountain, adding quite a bit of excitement to the atmosphere.

In Tonghua, thousands of tourists flocked to the Qianye Scenic Resort for some skiing, skating, and sleigh riding. The resort has seen a peak in numbers over the past weekend and more winter sports lovers are expected to arrive in the coming weeks.

The city of Yanji in eastern Jilin is also a hot destination for skiers. The Mengdu ski resort welcomes over 2000 skiers a day. The Jilin province has long been a popular tourist destination, especially for lovers of winter sports, and with the addition of more resorts and parks, the number of tourists is only expected to rise in the coming years.

Now I want to say something about my dream. What is my dream? I often ask

myself. In my mind, everyone shall have his own dream. I think that having a

dream means that we have an idea, and then we will do all the things to achieve

the target. As long as we have a goal to be realized, we won’t be blind at

least.

My dream is to become a successful doctor, helping those sick people and

saving their lives. Of course, to be a good doctor is very difficult, but I will

do whatever I can do to keep everyone healthy. Thats my dream. I want to try my

best to help the poor sick people of our country. I want to let them have an

opportunity to receive excellent treatments for their illnesses without having

to pay much or just enjoy them free. China is a developing country which needs

good medicine and good doctors, especially in the countryside and distant

villages.

Now I’m a junior student on Grade One, all my classmates and I are working

hard. We all know that the entrance exam of high schools coming in the year of

2009 is a big challenge for us, so we must study harder and harder in order to

go to a good high school. Thus after we finish our senior high school, we are

able to go to a good university. Finally, we can find a good job in society.

My dream is also that although at present I’m good at study, I’ll still try

my best to be the study winner. Now everything I do is close to my dream. I feel

life is fill with hope and is colorful, and I have enough confidence to realize

my dream.

I know that fantasy is something hard to realize, but dream can. I’ll work

hard for my dreams, I’ll never give up.

Dear Maria,

Im very happy that you are interested in Chinese culture,especially the festivals.Now let me tell you something about the Dragon Boat Festival.The Dragon Boat Festival,also called the Duanwu Festival ,is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar.People always eat rice dumplings and watch dragon boat races to celebrate it.

The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races,especially in the southern places where there are many rivers and lakes. It’s very popular.

The rice dumpling is made of glutinous rice,meat and so on. You can eat different kinds of rice dumplings.They are very delicious.

And Dragon Boat Festival is for Qu Yuan. He is an honest minister who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.

Overall, the Dragon Boat Festival is very interesting!

Your friend

Li Hua

Everyone has a lot of dreams.Some people want to become wealthy overnight; some people want to become well-known in the world overnight.I have a lot of dreams, too.When I was a girl, I dreamed of becoming a scientist like Hua Luogeng one day.But I know, plum flower. So I studied hard and hard for my dream when I was in high school and college.

After graduating from college, I became a teacher. Although I was busy every day, I didnt forget my dream. I still kepIn the knowledge on the road constantly groping forward, and. Now, I have made great achievements, and many of my research papers have been published, and the research results also have a very high application value.I am so happy。 Although the goal of becoming a scientist is far from it, I am still moving forward.

【翻译】

每个人都会有许多梦想。有的人想变得富有，一夜暴富;有的人想一夜成，名扬四海。我也有许多的梦想。当我还是一个女孩的时候，我就梦想着，有朝一日成为一名像华罗庚那样的科学家。但是我知道，梅花香自苦寒来。所以，我在中学和大学时为我实现我的梦想而认真刻苦的学习。

大学毕业后，我成为了一名老师，虽然我每天都很忙碌，但是我没忘记过我的梦想，我仍然不断坚持学习。在求知的道路上不断摸索前进，废寝忘食。现在，我已经小有成就了，我的多篇研究论文相继发表，研究成果也有着极高的应用价值。我很快乐。虽然，成为一名科学家目标还很远，毕竟我还是在不断向前迈进。

The culture differences between the East and West.

As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America.

It is no doubt that it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they are like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introduced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children.

The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them.

In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheers to our country.

My study plan put my winter holiday is full of. I plan to put all the homework before the holiday are swept away, after the Chinese New Year in the top volume with three days to review your knowledge of our sage Confucius said, "consider"! The rest of the will to prepare book1&book 2 new knowledge, or else how can have a foothold in the superior competitive school? I write my these learning plan on a piece of paper, posted on my study desk, make it a little paper play a bigger role, it can play the role of a reminder to urge.

Saying and doing are two different things, in my winter vacation plan is really reflect incisively and vividly! Every day I wait for the sun to be basked in elder sister to the quilt to get up in the morning, all day in the hands of the pen to write, the temptation of television and computer, always to prohibit on learning table winter holiday schedule become worthless. My homework to the annual month to complete, the review plans to use five days, your plan is to complete the ugly, mathematics preview only the teacher must make the preview of the first two units, other disciplines in almost flat. My poor self-control and efficiency!

The street, people mountain people sea, beaming, against the colorful lights, neon lights, flash; Auto lamp, bright white, various, fantastic! Xinda street, heavy traffic, on both sides, the stall owners are selling beautiful balloon, different colors: red, yellow, blue, green, purple... . Form that vary: some blow grow winding, like a snake, somelike people smile face, there are various kinds of shape. Peoples vehicle is also different from ordinary, the car has a different decoration, like balloons, streamers and flowers and so on. Building, decorating, decorated, from the inside, outsidebusiness busy. Dance, the sky only colorful balloons, added the cheerful atmosphereto the Spring Festival. Most make a person happy that beautiful fireworks, firecrackers. Square, enthusiastic people putting the colorful fireworks, the best and the biggest shot a gun to shoot in the air, spread out a flower. And the flower on the ground, although it is small, power is also quite big, a light, spin, immediately issued a light, opened a little flower. Led adjustment by the smiling, like really, air spinning, then dance, finally finished BiBao shell exploded. A deafening noise, thefireworks blossom, beautiful!

Are happy New Year, Spring Festival is a festival, peoples life will be getting better and better.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

导语：作为一名高三的老前辈，你对你的高中生活有什么看法及介绍的呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

As a Senior Grade Three students, I am very busy in preparing for the college entrance examination. I have seven classes a day, and two self-study classes at night. And only a day left for the weekend. So, most of the time I have to spend on the study, after all the college entrance examination is very important for almost all of us. Aside of study, I would play football with my friends after school and the weekend. I like playing football very much. When I run on the football field, I can put the examination thing off my mind for a while, only sweat and laugh left. It is a good exercise for health and a good way to relax from the busy study too. This is my high school life, busy and fulfilling.

【参考翻译】

作为一个高三的学生，我忙于为高考做准备。我一天有7节课，还有两节晚自习。周末只剩下一天。所以，我把大部分时间都花在学习上，毕竟高考对我们大多数人来说都十分重要。除了学习，我会在放学后以及周末跟我的朋友一起踢足球。我非常喜欢踢足球。当我在足球场上奔跑的时候，我可以暂时将考试的事情抛之脑后，只剩下汗水和欢笑。这对健康是个很好的锻炼，也是一个学习之余很好的放松方式。这就是我的高中生活，忙碌而充实。

相关标签: 生活Life 学生Student

圆明园是我国园林艺术的瑰宝。有“万园之园”的美称，意为什么样式的园林这里都有。圆明园不仅有极为精美的陈设、装饰，还收藏和陈列着全国罕见的珍宝、文物、名人字画、秘府典籍、钟鼎宝器、金银珠宝和稀世文物，集中了古代文化的精华。1860年和1900年，园明园被英法联军和八国联军抢掠并付之一炬。

中国，一个拥有五千年历史的泱泱大国，曾经，有多少文人雅士歌颂她，有多少爱国诗人赞美她。他就像一只雄鸡，屹立在世界的东方。

可是，翻开历史的昨天，我们的祖国母亲又饱经过多少磨难：19世纪后期，英、法、俄、日等多次侵入中国，强迫中国与之签定不平等条约。

英国侵略者于1840年发动鸦片战争打开中国大门后，又要求增开租界和派使节入京，得不到满足便于1857年发动第二次鸦片战争，拿破仑三世执政的法国为分赃也派兵入伙。1860年9月，于天津登陆的英法联军进逼北京城下，咸丰皇帝逃往承德避暑山庄，留下几万守兵龟缩在城墙内(即如今二环路以内的范围)，郊外任由侵略军劫掠。10月6日，英法联军冲入圆明园，少量拿着刀矛的清兵一战即败，护园大臣只好投水自杀。看到富丽堂皇的宫殿园林，眼花缭乱的侵略军马上开始了疯狂的劫掠。接着，联军司令部下达了可以“自由抢劫”的通知，1万多名英法官兵于是你来我往，争相入园，个个满载而归。为了毁灭罪证，10月18日和19日，三千多名侵略者奉命在园内放火，大火连烧三天，烟云笼罩了整个北京城。我国这一园林艺术的瑰宝，建筑艺术的精华，就这样化成了一片灰烬。

火烧圆明园后，英法联军又威胁清廷，如再不屈服便要攻入城内，将皇宫也予以焚毁。腐朽无能的满清统治者马上签订了割地赔款的《北京条约》，换得侵略者撤退。如果当时的中国是强大的，有谁敢来侵略我们呢?如果当时的皇帝把建筑圆明园的钱花在建设祖国上，如果没有把圆明园建设的那么富丽堂皇，就不会引得其他国家的侵入。中国也不会受到如此大的屈辱。

相信大家都能记住对中国乃至对世界都意义深刻的，发生在中国的两件大事。1997年7月1日的香港回归，1999年12月20日的澳门回归，看似离今不远的2个时间却是经历了华夏儿女几代人的不懈努力的结果啊!

翻开历史新的一页，沉睡了五千年的狮子在烈火中苏醒了：1997，10，1，开国大典，中华人民共和国成立;在建国的第一年里同苏联等17个国家建立外交关系;第一个飞机制造厂试制成功第一架喷气式飞机歼5型歼击机;

2007年香港回归十周年使得全国人民的血液都已沸腾起来，历经数十年的努力，香港终于回到了祖国母亲温暖的怀抱，中国人民又多了一个兄弟。我相信中国将会愈加富强兴旺，坚不可摧，但同样面对回归祖国，为何台湾会和香港有着截然不同的做法和看法呢?近年来台湾领导人为何始终不愿将台湾领土归还中国呢?我们大陆人民表现了对台湾人民的热情与友好，为何他们可以视若无睹?为何台湾就是不愿意和我们这个有着13亿人民的大家族共同努力，共同进步，共同发展，共同收获呢?台湾回归后有参加中国政治协商的权利，体现了台湾是很受重视的，为什么还要迟疑呢?台湾不仅仅困扰着国家领导人，同时也牵动着13亿中国人民的心，我们对陈水扁的无理取闹感到气愤，对希望台湾回归中国的台湾民众给予全力支持。有可靠消息说，初步定下2010年1月10号台湾将正式回归中国。中国人民为台湾——中国最后的一个亲人的即将回归再次沸腾了。

近年来，台湾的经济正处于萎靡的状态，必须依靠大陆的力量才可有所好转。就目前状况而言，和平统一是不可能了，翻阅历史，中华民族统一没有哪一次是和平统一的，就算要动用武力也要将台湾收回来。因为它本来就是中国的一部分，现在是，将来一定也是，这是不容置疑的，更是不容挑战的领土，只是在走一个形式，告诉全世界台湾为我中国所有。

台湾的经济，文化都需要大陆这强大有力的双手推动，回归祖国，台湾才可以免受外来国家的侵扰，中国也将势不可挡。敢问，到时候还有谁是我中国的对手。

台湾人民有着和我们一样的黄皮肤，黑眼珠，这一切都说明台湾人民和我们一样都是中国人，都是龙的传人。

友谊是一条善良的河流,澄清着沿路的风尘;是上天在人的心灵中植下的一方净土,培育着诚实善良的花朵。下面是小编整理的关于友谊的英语作文，希望对大家有帮助。 关于友谊的英语作文一：

Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends.When in trouble, we

need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys.

Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy. It implies loyalty, cordiality, sympathy, affection,and readiness to help. No man can make the most of his life without carefully and conscientiously striving to win the right kind of friends as he goes along.

Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends. Real friends are those who have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.While making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualities. Then we should treat our friends with courtesy, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them,and not to ridicule their proceedings. We should forgive their failures and do our best to help them. In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds. Only thus, can we develop real friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life. 关于友谊的英语作文二：

making friends is a skill like many other skills. it improves with practice. if you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some actions. you must first go where there are people. you won’t make friends staying home alone. join a club or a group. taking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. or join someone in some activities. many people are nervous when talking to new people. after all meeting strangers means facing the unknown. and it’s human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about the unknown. most of our fears about dealing with new people come from doubts about ourselves. we imagine other people are judging us of finding us too tall or to short, too this or too that. but don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. try to accept yourself as you are and try to put the other person at ease. you’ll both feel more comfortable.

try to be self-comfident even if you don’t feel that way. when you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.

if you see someone you like to speak to, say something . don’t wait for the other person to start a conversation.

just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person-friendship is based on mutual liking and “give and take”. it takes time and effort to develop. 关于友谊的英语作文三：

Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take friendship for granted,we often dont clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few----for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.In all the cases of friendly relationships,two people like one another and enjoy being together.but beyond that,the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for the shared interests vary enormously.As we get to know people we take into account things like age,race ,economic conditions,social position,and intelligence.Although these factors are not of prime importance,it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.

Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in commen ---they often talk about being on the same wavelength .it generally takes time to reach this point.And the more intimately involved people become,the more they rely on one another .people want to do friends favours and hate to break a promise.Equally,friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and try to tolerate differencesof opinion.wWw.xiNgkoo.coMIn contrast with marriage ,there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two persons.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to a powerful bond ,which can overcome differences in background ,and break down barriers of age, class or race. 关于友谊的英语作文四：

Friendship is priceless, is not buy friendship, and when you give up your friendship who, you need his help, he can not help you, even if you can not buy with thousands of gold back.

I am a heavy feeling of people, sense of obligation, so there are a lot of friends, such as: "Tang Tao, Zhou Jie, Liu Longyu, Liu Fan, off field ... ... my good friend, are infinite in number, no one told me they After a wonderful childhood, with these friends, my childhood full of joy.

They gave me numerous times to help, Don Tao is my first grade friends, our class took part in the running, everyone knows me and the strength of the Tang Tao comparable to the running of the day, I was flabbergasted, my running time, slipped and fell a somersault, then, Tang Tao, Stop right now, pick me, help me to pat the dust off, suddenly, I felt a burst of warm heart, the somersault to get my speed was much slower , Tao Tang met with me crossing the finish line is busy pulling up and give me the second I knew that he was very second.

Zhou Jie is my understanding in the second grade, he often helped me record straight. D O I did not play and when to give me happiness. Liu Longyu fifth grade I knew, he was my classmate, math problems often tell me, tell me a joke, was my best playmate ... ...

Liu Fan, off field in the sixth grade, I know, and we you, for me, be sworn, and I have a difficult time, they are always the first to help me. Friendship is priceless, with friends, you will be better tomorrow.

[关于友谊的高中英语作文